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學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載2010年中考英語語法專題講座:狀語從句【狀語從句命題趨勢(shì)】用一個(gè)句子(從句)來作另一個(gè)句子(主句)的狀語,用作狀語的句子就叫作狀語從句。作什么樣的狀語就叫什么類型的狀語從句。例如:條件狀語從句就是用一個(gè)句子來作條件狀語。一、狀語從句的分類:1.
考查時(shí)間狀語從句2.
考查原因狀語從句3.
考查地點(diǎn)狀語從句。4.
考查結(jié)果狀語從句5.
考查條件狀語從句6.
考查讓步狀語從句。
7.
考查伴隨狀語從句8.
考查方式狀語從句二、狀語從句的兩要素:一、引導(dǎo)詞的選擇:1.時(shí)間狀語從句1).由when、while、as(當(dāng)……時(shí)候)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Whenjackgothome,hismotherwascooking.2).由after/before(在….之后/前)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Thefootballmatchplayedafterschoolwasover.3).由assoonas(一…..就……)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。I‘llringyouassoonasIreachBeijing.4).由not….until(直到…..才…..)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Theydidn‘tstopuntiltheyfinishedthework.2.原因狀語從句由because、since、as(因?yàn)椤⒓热?、由?引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。Sinceyouhaveknownaboutthat,pleasetelluswhattodo.3.地點(diǎn)狀語從句由wherever(無論在哪兒)引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句。Whereverhegoes,healwaysbringshispetdog.4.目的狀語從句由sothat(以便、為的是)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。Hegotupveryearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.5.條件狀語從句由if或unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。Iwon‘tgotohispartyunlessIaminvited.eg6.比較狀語從句由than、as…as、notas……as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。Therearemorestudentsinourclassthanintheirs.7.讓步狀語從句由though、eventhough/if、although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Althoughhedidn‘tpasstheexam,hisfatherdidn‘tgetangrywithhim.egeg8.方式狀語從句由asif(好像)引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。Hetalkedaboutthatasifhekneweverything.9.結(jié)果狀語從句由so…that…、such….that…(如此…..以致于…)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。Itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn‘tseetheroad.eg二、狀語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)的選擇問題1.時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。(主句用將來時(shí),而時(shí)間、條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)即Ifit________(notrain)tomorrow,we______(go)toclimbthehill.He________(become)asodierwhenhe______(grow)up.2.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。Itis+時(shí)間+since+一般過去時(shí)It_____(be)tenyearssincewe________(leave)thatcity.3.由when、while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài):△主句(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))+when+從句(一般過去時(shí))△主句(一般過去時(shí))+when+從句(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))△主句(一般過去時(shí))+while+從句(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))△主句(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))+while+從句(過去進(jìn)行時(shí))注意:看動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。1).Mother_______(cook)supperwhenI______(get)homeyesterday.2).LastSundayI_______(meet)LinHongwhenI_______(walk)inthestreet.3).WhileHanMeimei_______(sweep)thefloor,Lucy_______(carry)water.4).Whenthestudents________(have)ameeting,theteacher_______(come)in.4.由when、after、before、bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài):主、從句的謂語動(dòng)作都以完成,則先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí),后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。1).Whenthey_______(get)tothecinemalastlight,thefilm________(start).2).I_________(go)outwithmyfriendsafterI_______(finish)allthehomeworklastnight.2010年中考英語狀語從句賓語從句定語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題狀語從句()1.Whenyou____theoffice,you’dbetter_____thatthelightsareturnedoff.A.leave;makesureB.leave;tomakesureC.willleave;makesureD.willleave;tomakesure()2.Johnfellasleep____hewaslisteningtothemusic.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.assoonas()3.Iwon’tbelievethatthefive—year—oldboycanreadfivethousandwords___Ihavetestedhimmyself.A.afterB.whenC.ifD.until()4.Ihaven’thearedfromBill___helefthere.A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.while()5.—IsTomatschooltoday?—No.He’sathome____hehasabadcold.A.becauseB.ifC.untilD.before()6.Sorry,youspeak___quickly____Ican’tfollowyou.A.too;toB.so;thatC.as;toD.very;so()7.Tomorrowwe’llgotothecitypark___itissunny.A.assoonasB.whenC.ifD.as()8.—Shallwehavethevolleyballmatchtomorrow?—Oh,itwillbeputoffifit____.A.snowsB.issnowingC.snowedD.snow()9.—Doyouknowifwillgotothecinematomorrow?—Ithinkwe’llgoifwe___toomuchwork.A.willhaveB.haveC.won’thaveD.don’thave()10.Jackspendsmuchmoneyonbooks____heisnotsorich.A.thoughB.whenC.ifD.because()11.Don’tworry,I’lltellMrGreen___hecomesback.A.whenB.howC.whyD.where()12.IfMike___upearlier,hecanfinishtheworkintime.A.getB.willgetC.getsD.isgetting()13.IfMrSmith___back,pleaseletmeknow.A.willcomeB.comesC.cameD.hadcome()14.Therewillbeaparents’meetingthisafternoon.Butmyparentscan’tcomebecausethey___toHarbin.A.hasgoneB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.havebeen()15.—Mary,whataboutgoingboatingifit___tomorrow?—Goodidea.A.notrainB.willrainC.doesn’trainD.won’train()16.—Tom,ifyou____somanymistakesagain,you’llloseyourjob.—Sorry,sir.A.willmakeB.madeC.makeD.making()17.Thisdressstilllooksprettyonyou,____itisoutofstyle.A.thoughB.butC.sinceD.if()18.____theyarebrothers,theydon’tlooklikeeachotheratall.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.WhenD.As()19.Marywas___ill___shegotthediseasethathermumhadtostopworkingtolookafterher.A.such;ifB.so;ifC.such;whenD.so;when()20.Youwillbelate___youleaveimmediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or()21.___heisn’trichenough,heoftengivesawaymoneytosomepoorchildren.A.ThoughB.WhenC.BecauseD.If()22.Hemade___greatprogress___wewereallveryhappy.A.as;thatB.so;asC.such;thatD.so;that()23.Imustgotoschool____.A.beforethefirstclasswillbeginB.beforethefirstclassbeganC.beforethefirstclassbeginsD.beforethefirstclassisbeginning()24.WhenIsawhim,he___withourEnglishteacher.A.istalkingB.willtalkC.wastalkingD.wouldtalk()25.WhenIgottothestation,thetrain____already____.A.will;startB.was;startedC.has;startedD.had;started()26.—Whydidn’tyougosurfinglastSunday?—___Ihadabadheadache.A.BecauseB.SinceC.AsD.For()27.—Thisdressisinlastyear’sstyle.—Ithinkitstilllooksperfect___ithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversince()28.Thebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehours___herealizedit.A.unlessB.ifC.afterD.before()29.Iamwaitingformyfriend.____,I’llgoswimmingalone.A.Ifhedoesn’tcomeB.Ifhewon’tcomeC.IfhewillcomeD.Ifheiscoming()30.Itlooks____towashtheclothes.A.asifthewaterisdirtyeoughB.asifthewaterisn’tcleanenoughC.thatthewaterisn’tdirtyeoughD.thatthewateriscleanenough賓語從句()31.Idon’tknow___tomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestaredB.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstartD.whenwillwestart()32.Ourclassteacheraskedthemonitor___.A.whydidn’tBillcometoschoolB.whydoesn’tBillcometoschoolC.whyBilldidn’tcometoschoolD.whyBilldoesn’tcometoschool()33.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows___A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone()34.—Couldyoupleasetellme____?—IliveinYan’an.A.wheredoyouliveB.wherewereyoubornC.whereyouliveD.whereyouwereborn()35.Shedidn’ttellmewhenshe____.A.cameB.iscomingC.wouldcomeD.willcome()36.Wehaven’tdecidedif____.A.willwetakeafieldtripB.wetakeafieldtripC.we’lltakeafieldtripD.dowetakeafieldtrip()37.Thismorningmymotheraskedme___.A.whyheisnothereB.howdidmybrotherdoitC.whattimeisitD.whatJudydidovertheweekend()38.IwanttowritetoJohn,butIdon’tknow_____.A.whathise__mailaddresswasB.whatishise__mailaddressC.whathise__mailaddressisD.whatwashise__mailaddress()39.—Canyousee____?—No.Let’sgoandhavealook.Maybewecanhelphim.A.whataretheydoingthereB.whatwashappeningthereC.whatishappeningthereD.whataretheytalkingthere()40.—Whydidn’tAlicecometothepartylastnight?—Idon’tknow.A.whydidn’tsheB.whyshedidn’tC.whydidsheD.whyshedid()41.—Canyoutellme___?—Ithinkit’shis.A.wherehelivesB.wheredoesheliveC.whosethedictionaryisD.howoldheis()42.—Whatdidhesayjustnow?—Heaskedme___inKunming.A.whendidPPRD(泛珠會(huì))openB.whenPPRDopenC.whenPPRDopenedD.whendoesPPRDopen()43.Nooneknows____infiftyyears.A.whatwillourlifebelikeB.whatisourlifelikeC.whatourlifewillbelikeD.whatourlifeislike()44.Canyoutellme____?MrWangislookingforhim.A.wherePeterisB.whereisPeterC.wherewasPeterD.wherePeterwas()45.—Idon’tknow___.Canyoutellme?—Intheschoolhall.A.wherewe’llhaveapartyB.whowillgiveatalktousC.whenwe’llhaveameetingD.whatIwilldo()46.—Canyoutellmeatwhattime___?—Inhalfanhour.A.theshipisleavingB.istheshipleavingC.wastheshipleavingD.theshipleaving()47.—Couldyoutellme___?—Heisanengineer.A.whatisheB.whatdoeshedoC.whoisheD.whathedoes()48.—Couldyoutellme___togotoHainanbyair?—Justaminute,please.Ihavetocheckmycomputer.A.howmuchdoesitcostB.howmuchdiditcostC.howmuchitcostD.howmuchitcosts()49.—Couldyoutellme____?—Gladtohelp.A.ifIhavebeentotheGreatWallB.wheredidhestudyC.howIcangettothestationD.what’syourname()50.—Iwonder____.—Zebras.A.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimalsC.whattheycalltheseanimalsD.howdotheycalltheseanimals()51.Whocantellme___atthemeeting?A.whathesaidB.hesaidwhatC.whatdidhesayD.howhesaid()52.—Canyoumakesure___?—Sorry,Ican’t.ButIdidseeherjustnow.A.wheredidshegoB.whereshehadgoneC.whereshehasgoneD.wherewillshego()53.Iwanttoknow___thedayaftertomorrow.A.whathewilldoB.whatwillhedoC.whathedidD.whatdidhedo()54.ProfessorNelsonwantedtoknow___.A.whenwouldtheconferencebeginB.whentheconferencewouldbeginC.whenwilltheconferencebeginD.whentheconferencewillbegin()55.Noonecanbesure___inamillionyears.A.whatmanlookslikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatmanwilllooklike()56.—Couldyoutellmehowlong___thebook?—Threedays.A.IcankeepB.canIborrowC.IcanborrowD.canIkeep()57.JustnowIaskedLinda____,butshedidn’ttellme.A.wheredoesshecomefromB.wheredidhecomefromC.wherewasshefromD.whereshecamefrom()58.Ifollowedhimtosee___hewasgoing,andIwasverysurprisedwhenhewentintothepolicestation.A.howB.whereC.whyD.whether()59.Theteacheraskedme___duringtheSpringFestival.A.wherehadIbeenB.whereIhadbeenC.wherehadIgoneD.whereIhadgone()60.Myuncleremembered___.A.whenwemovedtothetownB.whendidwemovetothetownC.whenwemovetothetownD.whendowemovetothetown定語從句()61.Rosslikesmusic___isquietandgentle.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.who()62.YaoMingisafamousbasketballstar___isplayingintheNBA.A.whoseB.whoC.whatD.which()63.—Isthegirl___isintervewingthemanagerofthatcompanyyourfriend?—Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose()64.____havefinishedtheworkcanleave.A.ThosewhoB.AnyoneC.TheonewhoD.Theywho()65.Thebook___heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A./B.whyC.whenD.what()66.LianZhanwithhisvisitors___fromTaiwan___payinghisfirstvisittothemainlandofChina.A.whocome;isB.whois;isC.whichcome;isD.thatare;are()67.Johnisaveryinterestingperson____alwaystellsfunnystories.A.whichB.whatC.whoD.whose()68.Doyouthinkmoststudentsprefertests___haveeasyqutions?A.whoB.whereC.thatD.it()69.Therealgreatmanistheman___makeseverymanfeelgreat.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.when()70.I’dliketotellyouthetablemanners___youshouldknowwhenyouvisitKorea.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.when()71.Myparentsusuallybuymesomesimpleclothes___canlastalongtime.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose()72.Withthemoney___hesaved,hecouldgoonwithhiseducation.A.itB.whatC.thisD.that()73.—DoyouknowHongZhanhui?—Yes.He’sthecollegestudent___hasmovedChinesepeoplealot.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whom()74.Heisoneoftheexperiencedengineersinthisfactory___hardworkwasrepaidwiththedevelopmentofthefactory.A.whereB.whoseC.inwhichD.that()75.Theyounglady___wemetyesterdayisournewmathsteacher.A.whatB.whoseC.whomD.which()76.Ihatepeople___talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when()77.Mynecklaceisnottheonlything___ismissing.A.thatB./C.whichD.who()78.Iliketovisitaplace___historyislong.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.who()79.Whoistheman___talkedwithyoujustnow?A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose()80.Thebuilding____webuiltlastyearisverytall.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.why()81.Thatwastheyear___IwenttoAmerica.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which()82.Lookatthelady___nameisPochi.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.that()83.I’minterestedin___youhavetoldme.A.whichB.thatC.allthatD.everythingofwhich()84.Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersons___theyremeberedintheschool.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what()85.Thisisthebiggestship__I’veeverseen.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that1__5ACDCA6__10BCADA11__15ACBBC16__20CABDA21__25ACCCD26__30ABDAB31__35CCDCC36__40CDCCB41__45CCCAA46__50ADDCC51__55ACABD56__60ADBBA61__65BBCAA66__70ACCBA71__75BDABC76__80CACBC81__85ABCCD透析中考英語語法狀語從句考點(diǎn)
【狀語從句命題趨勢(shì)】用一個(gè)句子(從句)來作另一個(gè)句子(主句)的狀語,用作狀語的句子就叫作狀語從句。作什么樣的狀語就叫什么類型的狀語從句。例如:條件狀語從句就是用一個(gè)句子來作條件狀語。1.
考查時(shí)間狀語從句。
2.
考查原因狀語從句
3.
考查地點(diǎn)狀語從句。
4.
考查結(jié)果狀語從句
5.
考查條件狀語從句。
6.
考查讓步狀語從句。
7.
考查伴隨狀語從句。
8.
考查方式狀語從句【考點(diǎn)詮釋】
一、時(shí)間狀語從句
在時(shí)間狀語從句中,通常要用動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來時(shí),用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來式。時(shí)間狀語從句常用連詞有:when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),since,once,assoonas(或themoment),bythetime,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when,everytime等引導(dǎo)。
1.
考查when,while,as引導(dǎo),表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”.
【考例】一Mum,____shallwehavelunch?
——Wewillhaveitwhenyourdad__________.
[07連云港市]
Awhen;returns
Bwherereturns
C.where;willreturn
D.when;willreturn
[答案]A.[解析]答語中when引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句,主句用了一般將來時(shí)態(tài),所以從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),可見正確答案在A與B之中。既然答語用了時(shí)間狀語來回答,可見問句詢問的也一定是時(shí)間,從而確定正確答案為A。
2.before的用法:before的本意為“在……之前”,根據(jù)具體語境還可理解為“還沒來得及/還沒有……就……,趁著還沒……就……,不知不覺就……,……才……”等。如:
【考例】Couldyoupleasegivemeyoure-mailaddress_________yougo?[昆明市]
A.assoonas
B.before
C.after
D.until
[答案]B.[解析]這四個(gè)詞(組)都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,assoonas一……就.before在……之前;after在……之后;until直到……才。分析句子可以看出句意為“在你走之前把你的電子郵件地址給我好嗎?”
2.until和till的用法:與肯定式的主句連用,主句謂語必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,till/until表示“……直到……”;與否定式的主句連用,且主句謂語是非延緩性動(dòng)詞時(shí),till/until表示“直到……才……”。其強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為“not…until”,位于句首時(shí)要采用倒裝形式。如:
【考例】一Hurryup.Thebusiscoming.
——Oh。no.Wemustn'tcrossthestreet____thetrafficlightsaregreen.[福州市]
A.a(chǎn)fter
Bsince
Cwhile
D.until
[答案]D.[解析]本題應(yīng)從句意人手。until常用于否定句中,構(gòu)成"not…until"結(jié)構(gòu),意為“直到……才……”,該句意為“直到交通燈變綠,我們才能穿過馬路”。
Thekidsdidn'tstarttoflykitesintheplayground_________therainstopped.[成都市]
A.if
B.until
C.whenever
[答案]B.[解析]not…until…直到……才?!爸钡接晖:⒆觽儾趴梢匀ゲ賵?chǎng)放風(fēng)箏”,
--Look!Herecomesourschoolbus.
--Nohurry.Don'tgetonit_________ithasstopped.[安徽省]
A.until
B.after
C.since
D.when
A.[解析]句中有don't,可想not...until為固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“直到……才……”。
三、對(duì)條件狀語從句的考查
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有if,unless(=if…not如果不……,除非),as/solongas,while(=aslongas只要),supposing(that),provided/providing(that),incase(假使),onconditionthat(在……的條件下)等。如:
【考例】__yougotobedearlier,youwon'tfeeltiredinthemornings.[沈陽市]
A.Unless
BBecause
C.If
D.When
[答案]C.[解析]考查if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句?!凹偃缒阍缫稽c(diǎn)上床睡覺,那么你在上午就不會(huì)感到累。”
Youwon'tpassyourexams___________youworkharder.
[廣東省]
A.when
B.if
C.unless
D.after
[答案]C.[解析]when,after一引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句,不合題意;if,unless引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句,If不合句意,“除非你更加努力地學(xué)習(xí),否則,你不會(huì)通過考試”。故用unless。
四、對(duì)讓步狀語從句的考查
用來引導(dǎo)讓步地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞有:though,although,evenif/though,while(雖然、盡管),fora11(that)(盡管)whether...or(不論/不管……還是……))以及“疑問詞+ever(whatever,wherever,whoever,however,)”和“nomatter+疑問詞”等。
【考例】—Shallwegoonworking?
—Yes,
Iprefertohavearest.(2004江西省南昌)
A.when
B.if
C.because
D.though
[答案]:D
[命題立意]:本題考查從屬連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法。
[試題解析]:依據(jù)上句:我們繼續(xù)工作嗎?是的,盡管我想休息會(huì)。
Edisonnevergaveup,
hefailedmanytimes.(2004四川)
A.a(chǎn)nd
B.though
C.or
[答案]:B
[命題立意]:本題考查從屬連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法。
[試題解析]:依據(jù)題意:即使愛迪生失敗多次,他也決不放棄。though用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故選B。
五、對(duì)目的狀語從句的考查:
引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有sothat,inorderthat(為了,以便);incase(以防,以免),lest(免得,以防),forfearthat(以免,惟恐)等。從句中一般含有can,could,may,
might,will,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如:
【考例】一MoreandmorepeopleinBeijingarelearningEnglish_______theycanbetterservethe20080lympicGames.
一I'msuretheywill.[宜昌市]
A.becauseof
Bsothat
C.eventhough
D.a(chǎn)sif
[答案]B.[解析]本題也應(yīng)從句意人手。越來越多的人學(xué)習(xí)英語,“為的是”能更多更好地為奧運(yùn)服務(wù)。sothat引導(dǎo)一個(gè)目的狀語從句。
六、對(duì)結(jié)果狀語從句的考查
【考例】Thecamerais
expensive
Ican’tafford
it.(2004遼寧本溪)
A.so,that
B.such,that
C.so,asto
D.enough,that
[答案]:A
[命題立意]:本題考查從屬連詞引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的用法。
[試題解析]:依據(jù)題意:這照相機(jī)太貴以致我買不起。expensive為形容詞,so…that…句中要用形容詞或副詞;such…that…要用形容詞修飾名詞。其他兩項(xiàng)不能引起從句。故選A。
【語法回顧】
狀語從句的分類。
1.時(shí)間狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)。
(1)as、when、while用法一覽表。
類別
作
用
例
句
as
as表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,往往和when/while通用,但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。
ShecameupasIwascooking.(同時(shí))
Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(幾乎同時(shí))
when
(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,又可表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi),主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。
Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))
Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))
while
while意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過程中發(fā)生,從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在when表示aperiodoftime時(shí),兩者可以互換。
Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.
Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.(用as或when不可,這里的while意思是“趁……”)
凡是從句都必須有引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的詞有when,before,after,until,assoonas,while等,具體用法如下:
1.when意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。例如:
Ifeelveryhappywhenyoucometoseeme.你(們)來看我時(shí),我感到很高興。
Whenyouarecrossingthestreet,youmustbecareful.你(們)過街道時(shí),一定要小心。
when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,when的從句可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可以用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。例如:
HewasworkingatthetablewhenIwentin.當(dāng)我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候,他正在桌旁工作。
SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwassleeping.當(dāng)我正在睡覺時(shí),有人敲門。
IwillvisitmygoodfriendwhenIhavetime.當(dāng)我有空兒時(shí),我將去看望我的好友。
IworkedforaforeigncompanywhenIwasinShanghai.當(dāng)我在上海時(shí),我為一家外國企業(yè)工作。
注:when也可以作并列連詞,表示一個(gè)動(dòng)詞正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候,突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。
Iwasfishingbytheriver,whensomeonecalledforhelp.我正在河邊釣魚,就在那時(shí)有人求救。Wewereworkinginthechemistrylab,whenthelightswentout.我們正在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作,突然燈都熄滅了。
2.before意為“在……之前”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。例如:
Wecleanedtheclassroombeforeweleftschoolyesterday.昨天離開學(xué)校之前,我們打掃了教室。
Hehadbeenacookbeforehewenttocollege.他上大學(xué)前曾當(dāng)過廚師。
after意為“在……之后”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。例如:
Afteryouuseplasticbags,youmustn'tthrowthemabout.你(們)用過了塑料袋之后,不準(zhǔn)到處亂扔。
Hecalledmeafterhehadfinishedhiswork.他在工作完之后給我打了個(gè)電話。
注:若主句和從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成時(shí)態(tài),例如上面的第二句可改成:Hecalledmeafterhefinishedhiswork.
3.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,譯為“自從……”,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句常用一般過去時(shí)。例如:
Wehavemademanydumplingssincewebegantocook.自從我們開始做飯起,我們已經(jīng)包了許多餃子了。
Wehaven'tseeneachothersinceweparted.我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。
注:常用句型:Itis+時(shí)間段+since從句
譯為:自從……有多長時(shí)間了。例如:
Itissixyearssinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有六年的時(shí)間了。
4.until意為“直到……時(shí)”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),主句常用肯定形式;當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),從句常用否定形式,not...until...意為“直到……才……”,這時(shí)的until可以用before來替換。例如:
I'llstayhereuntilyoucomeback.我會(huì)呆在這里,直到你回來。(stay表示的動(dòng)作可以持續(xù))
Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。(gotobed表示的動(dòng)作不能持續(xù))
5.assoonas意為“一……就……”,表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,主句的動(dòng)作馬上就發(fā)生。例如:
I'lltellhimaboutitassoonashecomesback.他一回來我就告訴他這件事。
6.while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,常譯為“與……同時(shí),在……期間”,while的從句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。例如:
Theyrushedinwhilewewerediscussingproblems.當(dāng)我們正在討論問題時(shí),他們沖了進(jìn)來。
FatherwascleaningthecarwhileIwasplayingcomputergames.當(dāng)我正在打電子游戲時(shí),爸爸正在清洗汽車。
注:while也可以作并列連詞,表轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于but,譯為“然而”。例如:
Ilikelisteningtomusic,whilemybrotherlikesdoingsports.我喜歡聽音樂,而我的兄弟愛好運(yùn)動(dòng)。
7.till和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,譯為“直到……為止”,not…till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,譯為“直到……才”。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的結(jié)束,用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的開始,用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。例如:
Iwillwaitformyfrienduntil/tillhecomes.我要一直等到我朋友來。
Wewon'tstartourdiscussionuntil/tillhecomes.我們要等到他來了,再開始我們的討論。
2.條件狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)。
我們主要看一下由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。if意為“如果”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí),表示假如有從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生就(不)會(huì)有主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如:
Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillgotherebybike.如果明天不下雨,我們就騎自行車去那里。
IfIgetthereearly,Icanseethedoctorquickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快點(diǎn)看病。
3.地點(diǎn)狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)。常用where(哪里)和wherever(無論哪里)例如:
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成。
Wewillgowhereverthemotherlandneedsusmost.我們要到祖國最需要的地方去。
4.原因狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)。
常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有because,as和since。三者的區(qū)別是:在回答問題的時(shí)候,使用because;對(duì)于顯而易見的原因,常用as或since;as和since的從句常放在主句之前,而because的從句常放在主句之后。eg.
Whydidyougo?
IwentbecauseTomtoldmetogo.你為何去?那是因?yàn)闇方形胰ァ?/p>
Hewasangrynotbecausewewerelatebutbecausewemadeanoise.他很生氣不是因?yàn)槲覀儊磉t了,而是因?yàn)槲覀兣隽寺曇簟?/p>
Asitwasraininghard,wehadtobeindoors.由于雨太大,我們只好呆在家里。
Sinceyoufeelill,you'dbetternotgotowork.既然你感覺不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。
5.目的狀語從句用法要點(diǎn)。
常用的引導(dǎo)連詞有sothat,that和inorderthat譯為:以便,為了,目的是。例如:
Pleasespeakmoreslowlysothatwecanmakefullnotes.請(qǐng)講慢一點(diǎn),以便我們能作詳細(xì)筆記。
IshallwritedownyouraddressthatImaynotforget.我要把你的地址記下來,以免忘記。
Isenttheletterbyairmailinorderthatitmightreachhimintime.這封信我以航空信發(fā)出,以便他能及時(shí)收到。
注:目的狀語從句可以用動(dòng)詞不定式來替換做目的狀語eg.
Weworkharderthanusualfinishitinaweek.
我們比平常加倍努力工作以在一周內(nèi)完成工作。
三:主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題。
在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,主句和從句之間的時(shí)態(tài)一致問題一般分下列兩種情況:
1.若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,或主句中謂語動(dòng)詞是一般將來時(shí),那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)。例如:
Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.過馬路時(shí)要小心。
Putupyourhandifyouhaveanyquestionstoask.如果你們有問題要問的話,請(qǐng)舉手。
Thetrafficmuststopwhenthelightsarered.紅燈亮?xí)r,車輛必須停下。
2.若主從句謂語動(dòng)詞都是陳述過去,那么主從句都可以用一般過去時(shí)。例如:
Shecouldsingwhenshewasfouryearsold.她四歲的時(shí)候就會(huì)唱歌。
【語法過關(guān)】
1.Iwasdrawingahorse____theteachercamein.
A.while
B.as
C.when
D.themoment
2.SomepassengerswerewalkingthroughoneofthebighallsatParis'CharlesDeGaulleAirport__
thewholeroof(屋頂)felldown.
A.while
B.assoonas
C.when
D.after
3.Youwillstayhealthy_______youdomoreexercise,suchasrunningandwalking.
A.if
B.how
C.before
D.where
4.---Shallwegoonworking?
---Yes,_________Iprefertohavearest.
A.when
B.if
C.because
D.though
5.Noneofusknewwhathadhappened_________
theytoldusaboutit.
A.when
B.until
C.after
D.though
6.---Ihopeyou’llenjoyyourtrip,dear!
---Thankyou,mum.I’llgiveyouacall_________Igetthere.
A.until
B.assoonas
C.since
D.till
7.Thecamerais
expensive
Ican’taffordit.
A.so,that
B.such,that
C.so,asto
D.enough,that
8.Ineverseemtoloseanyweight,
hardItry.
A.
eventhough
B.nomatterhow
C.asif
D.eversince
9.—Shallwegoonworking?
—Yes,
Iprefertohavearest.
A.when
B.if
C.because
D.though
10.Edisonnevergaveup,
hefailedmanytimes.
A.a(chǎn)nd
B.though
C.or
11.Thepolicemanaskedthechild
crossthestreet
thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.
A.not;when
B.don’t;before
C.notto;until
12.---It’stimetogotobed,LiMing.
---Mum,Ihavealotofhomeworktodo,Iwon’tgotobed
Ifinishit
A.after
B.until
C.assoonas
D.since
13.Youshouldmakeagoodplan______youdoanythingimportant.
A.before
B.after
C.though
D.until
14.________theyarebrothers,theydon’tlooklikeeachotheratall.
A.Because
B.Though
C.When
D.As
15。IenjoylearningEnglish,____ittakesmealotoftime.
A.asif
B.though
C.because
D.for
【參考答案】透析中考英語語法定語從句考點(diǎn)
1。答案C解析:when為并列連詞“這時(shí)”(=andthen),句意為:我們正當(dāng)我在畫馬的時(shí)候,這是老師進(jìn)來了。while表示“正當(dāng)……時(shí)”,用于同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2.答案C解析:依據(jù)題結(jié)構(gòu),bedoingsth…when…表示“正在……這時(shí)……”的意思。故選C。
3.答案A解析:從意思上看,從句應(yīng)是一個(gè)條件狀語從句,在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,所以選A。
4.答案D解析:從意思上看,只有選though才能說得通。
5.答案B解析:本句的意思是“在……以前我們沒人知道這件事?!币磉_(dá)著一意思應(yīng)用“not…until”這一句型。
6.答案B解析:本題的意思是“一到那里,我就給你打電話?!币磉_(dá)這個(gè)意思應(yīng)選用assoonas。
7.答案A解析:依據(jù)題意:這照相機(jī)太貴以致我買不起。expensive為形容詞,so…that…句中要用形容詞或副詞;such…that…要用形容詞修飾名詞。其他兩項(xiàng)不能引起從句。故選A。
8.答案]B解析:依據(jù)題意:無論我如何努力,好像也沒有減肥。
9.答案D解析:依據(jù)上句:我們繼續(xù)工作嗎?是的,盡管我想休息會(huì)。
10.答案B解析:依據(jù)題意:即使愛迪生失敗多次,他也決不放棄。though用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故選B。
11.答案C解析:until用在否定句中,主要?jiǎng)釉~一般是終止性的,表示這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作直到till(until)所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。故選C。
12.答案B解析:until用在否定句中,主要?jiǎng)釉~一般是終止性的,表示這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作直到till(until)所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。故選C。
13.答案A解析:依據(jù)題意:在你做重要的事情之前,應(yīng)該做好計(jì)劃。表示“在……之前”的意思,故應(yīng)選用A。
14。答案B解析:依據(jù)題意:盡管他們是兄弟,但他們彼此一點(diǎn)都不像。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,應(yīng)選B。15。答案B解析:依據(jù)題意:盡管他花費(fèi)了我很多時(shí)間,但我還是喜歡學(xué)英語。應(yīng)選B。
【考點(diǎn)直擊】1.時(shí)間狀語從句2.條件狀語從句3.原因狀語從句4.結(jié)果狀語從句5.比較狀語從句6.目的狀語從句7.讓步狀語從句8.地點(diǎn)狀語從句【名師點(diǎn)睛】用來修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞,副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語從句可分為時(shí)間狀語從句,地點(diǎn)狀語從句,條件狀語從句,原因狀語從句,結(jié)果狀語從句,比較狀語從句,目的狀語從句,讓步狀語從句。1.時(shí)間狀語從句(1)時(shí)間狀語從句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等連詞來引導(dǎo)。例如:Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.(2)在時(shí)間狀語從句里,通常不用將來時(shí)態(tài),用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.(3)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含義是“一直到……時(shí)”,謂語動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主句用否定式,其含義是“直到……才……”,“在……以前不……”,謂語動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如:Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.Let’swaituntiltherainstops.
Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.
Don’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.2.條件狀語從句(1)條件狀語從句通常由if,unless引導(dǎo)。例如:Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.(2)在條件狀語從句里,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.Hewon’tbelateunlessheisill.(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陳述句”在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。例如:Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.3.原因狀語從句(1)原因狀語從句通常由because,since,as引導(dǎo)。例如:Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因,語氣最強(qiáng)。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的問題,只能用because。As和since語氣較弱,一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如:------Whyaren’tgoingthere?------BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一個(gè)句子里。4.結(jié)果狀語從句(1)結(jié)果狀語從句由so…that,such…that,sothat引導(dǎo)。例如:Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.(2)so…that語such...that可以互換。例如:在由so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,so是副詞,與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是:“...so+形容詞(副詞)+that+從句”。例如:Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,such是形容詞,它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以是不可數(shù)名詞;名詞前面可以帶形容詞,也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如:Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.
有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如:Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfult
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