2024年高考第二次模擬考試英語（九省新高考2） 含解析

2024年高考第二次模擬考試（九省新高考02）

英語試卷

（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡

皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段

對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeonSunday?

A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.

【答案】C

【原文】M:Grace,shallwegoonapicnictomorrow?

W:ButtheweatherforecastsaiditwillrainonSaturday.

M:Really?Letmesee...Saturdaywillbecloudyanditwon'tstartraininguntilevening.Itlookslikethedayafter

tomorrowitwillclearup.

2.Whoisthemanprobably?

A.Ahairdresser.B.Adressmaker.C.Adoctor.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Goodmorning!Howwouldyoulikeyourhaircut,madam?

W:Catitshortinthehack,andtakealittleoffthetop,please.

M:OK.Isee.

3.Whendidthewomanwanttobeawriter?

A.Whenshewasakid.

B.Whensheworkedatabookstore.

C.Whenshehadsomebookspublished.

【答案】B

【原文】M:Linda,whatreallymadeyouwanttobecomeawriter?

W:IalwayslovedreadingbookswhenIwassmall.AftergraduatingIgotajobatachildren'sbookstore.That

waswhenIfirststartedthinkingaboutmakingbooks.NowIhaveseveralbookspublished.

4.Howdothespeakersfeelnow?

A.Surprised.B.Happy,C.Annoyed.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Ineedtogooutforabreak.Theloudmusiciskillingme!

M:We*vegottotalktoourneighbor.Hecan*talwaysthrowthese"'surpriseparties“onweekendsjustbecausehe

feelshappytodoso!

5.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?

A.Packsomeboxes.B.Gohomeandrest.C.Continueworking.

【答案】B

【原文】M:I'mreallytiredfrompackingalltheseboxesforthreehours.Ifsabouttimetocallitaday.

W:Iknow.Maybewecoulddoittomorrowmorning.

M:Whynot?Theseordersarenoturgent.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選

項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作

答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

【聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題?！?/p>

6.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.ChattingonlineB.Readingsomenews.C.WatchingagameonTV.

7.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofHildaMagaya'sperformance?

A.Verybad.B.Abitdissatisfying.C.Surprisinglygreat.

【答案】6.B7.C

【原文】M:WhatareyoudoingontheInternet,Melisa?

W:I'mreadingsomenews.IjustreadthatSouthAfrica^women'ssoccerteamwonitsfirsttitleagainstthehome

countryMoroccoattheWomen'sAfricaCupofNations.

M:Oh,thafsreallygreatnewsfortheteam,Soareyouafanoftheteam?

W:Yes,IespeciallylikeHildaMagaya.

M:Howdidshedointhegame?

W:Shedidsowell-beyondallmyexpectations.Youknow,shescoredtwotimesinaneight-minutetimeframeto

gainthe2-1victory.

【聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題?！?/p>

8.Whatwaswrongwiththewoman'scar?

A.Itsbatterywasflat.B.Itspetrolwasusedup.C.Itwastoooldtodrive.

9.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?

A.Buyanewcar.

B.Rechargethebatteryathome.

C.Returnthebatterytotheshop.

【答案】8.A9.C

【原文】W:Mycarwouldn'tstartthismorning.

M:Itusedtohaveaproblemlikethat.Didyoucheckthebattery?

W:Yeah.Itwasdeadagain.Ihadtofindsomeonetocheckitforme.

M:Well,maybeyoushouldbuyanewbattery.

W:ButIjustboughtthisonethreemonthsago.Ifsstillnew!

M:Maybetheyweredishonestandgaveyouanoldone.

W:Well,Idon'tknow.Whateveritis,Tmgoingtoreturnit.Ifsridiculous!

【聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。】

10.WhatdidBettywanttobewhenshewasachild?

A.Awriter.B.Adirector.C.Abusinesswoman.

11.WhatisBetty'smotherinterestedinnow?

A.Makingdesserts.B.Growingplants.C.Writingstories.

12.WhatdoesBettythinkofherjob?

A.Interesting.B.Boring.C.Complicated.

【答案】10.A11.B12.A

【原文】M:Betty,whafsyourdreamjobwhenyouwereachild?

W:IwantedtowritestorieswhenIwasyoung.Iwasreallycrazyaboutcharactersandplotsinthestorybooksthat

Ireadintheschoollibrary.

M:Sohowdidyouenduprunningabakery?

W:Well,mymumretiredlastyear,soItookoverherbakery.Sheusedtolikemakingvariousdeliciousdesserts,

cakesandbread,butnowshedevotesherselftoplantingflowersandvegetables.

M:Ireallyadmireyourmother.Shealwaysdoeswhatshelikes.Sodoyoulikeyourjob?

W:Yes.Igainasenseofsuccessandsatisfactionwhenthebusinessisgreat.AndIalsohavelotsoffunteaching

peoplehowtobake.Whataboutyou?

M:Thafsgreat.Myjobisratherboringcomparedtoyours.

【聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題?！?/p>

13.Howdoesthewomanknowthatthecenterhassomegoodthings?

A.ShesawitsadonTV.

B.Shehearditsadontheradio.

C.Shereaditsadinthenewspaper.

14.Whodoesthewomanbuyitfor?

A.Herfriend.B.Herhusband.C.Herfather.

15.Whatsizewillthewomanwant?

A.Size38.B.Size40.C.Size42.

16.Howmuchisthetie?

A.$29.B.$39.C.$49.

【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.A

【原文】M:Hello,NewCentury'sShoppingCenter.CanIhelpyou?

W:Hello,thisisMrs.Andersonspeaking.IsawyouradvertisementonTVthatyouhavegotsomegoodthingson

men'ssuitsthisweek.

M:Yes,Madam.

W:WhatIwouldliketobuyisadark,businesstypesuit.Somethinginwool,Ithink.

M:Wehavesomeexcellentpurewoolsuits.Woolhasthebestofeverything,comfort,quality,value.Whatsizedo

youwant?

W:Usuallymyhusbandisa40,buthehasgainedalittleweightlately.

M:Oh,you'dbetterhavea42.Whatcolor?

W:Tdlikesomethingdarkgray,ornavyblue,orevenblack.AndI'dpreferasolidcolor.

M:You,llbesatisfied,lady.Bytheway,wehaveafineselectionoftiestogowiththesuits.Maybeyouwouldlike

tocometohavealook.

W:Oh,andhowmuchisit?

M:Ifstwenty-ninedollars.Verycheap.

W:OK.Iwillcomeoverandhavealookatit.Thankyou.Good-bye.

M:Good-bye.

聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。

17.WhatprobablyhappenedinFountainHillsduringthewinter?

A.Itdidn'trainmuch.B.Allanimalsdiedoff.C.Manychemicalswereused.

18.Whichwasaresultoftheenvironmentaldamage?

A.Peoplegotsickeasily.

B.Blackbirdsweremissing.

C.Thefarmlandcouldn'tproducefood.

19.Whydidalotofbeesdisappear?

A.Theywereeatenbybirds.

B.Theyweredyingoffthemselves.

C.Theywerekilledbythegovernment.

20.Whatdothescientistsoffertodo?

A.Tellpeopletheimportanceofbees.

B.Teachfarmershowtogrowfood.

C.Bringbeesfromthetown.

【答案】17.A18.A19.C20.A

【原文】InthesmalltownofFountainHillsandthenearbyarea,naturewasdyingoffquickly.Somepeople

thoughtitwasbecauseithardlyrainedatallduringlastwinter,anditwasoneofthedriestwinterstheareahad

experiencedonrecord.Itwassobadthatsomepeopleeventhoughtthatthegovernmentwasdoingsecret

chemicaltesting.ThefarmlandaroundFountainHillswasnolongerproducinggoodfood,andpeoplewere

gettingsickmoreoften.Oneday,somescientistscametoseeiftheycouldfindoutthecause.Astheywere

walkingthroughafieldthatwasonlyhalf-fullofsunflowers,theynoticedsomethingunusual:thesilence.Except

afewblackbirdscalling,therewasnonoise.Theyknewsomethingimportantwasmissing-thebees!The

scientistsrushedbacktothetownanddiscoveredthatthelocalgovernmenthadbeenkillingoffthelarge

populationofbeesthere.Fortunately,thescientistscameupwithasolution.Theyofferedtoteachthelocalpeople

abouthowbeesaregoodfortheenvironmentandtheirlives,andhowbeeswouldhelptheareastartgrowing

again.Inthefuture,thescientistswouldremovebeesfromthetownifthepopulationofthebeesgrewtoobig

again.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

TopPianoPlayersintheWorld

MarthaArgerich

MarthaArgerichcouldbeconsideredthenextBeethoven,assheisoneofthemostoutstandingpianistsever

toplay.Argerichpreferredbeingonstagewithothersinsteadofperformingsolo;therefore,shehasbeen

performinginaconcertoformatsincethe1980s.Argerichwasnotoneforthespotlight,assheoftenavoided

publicappearancessuchasinterviews;however,hergreattalentwasallthepublicitysheneeded,standingout

duringconcertosandsonatas.

LeifOveAndsnes

KnownforhisappealingperformancesofEdvardGrieg'sworks,Andsneshaswonpraiseforhis

performancesatsomeoftheworld'smostfamousconcerthalls.AndsneshascertainlymadehismarkinNorway,

asheisthefoundingdirectorofNorway'sRosendalChamberMusicFestival.Becauseofhisuniquevoiceand

interestingapproach,hewaspraisedbyTheNewYorkTimesasa"pianistofauthoritativeelegance,power,and

insight,^^

AlfredBrendel

KnownforhisbeautifulinterpretationsofBeethoven,Haydn,SchubertandMozart,AlfredBrendelwas

consideredoneofthegreats.Heplayedinvariousconcertosthroughouthiscareerandbecameknownforhis

interpretivecoldnessinrecreatingtheseworks.Brendelwasconsideredoneofthegreatestmusiciansofthe20th

century,ashemadehismarkintheclassicalmusicindustry.Brendelwasself-taughtandlearnedhisloveofpiano

atanearlyage.

ArthurRubinstein

ArthurRubinsteinwascertainlyoneofthegreats.Hiscareerbeganintheearly20thcenturywhenhebegan

tocomeintocontactwithsomeoftheworld'smostimportantcomposers,suchasMauriceRavel,PaulDukas,and

JacquesThibaud.Hemadevarioustripsworldwideandvisitednearlyeverycontinent,wherecrowdsmethim

withgreatpraiseandencouragement.

21.Whatdoesthefemalepianistfocusoninhercareer?

A.Skillsinhostingconcertosandsonatas.B.Cooperationwithothermusicians.

C.Closerelationshipswiththemedia.D.Uniquewaystointerpretmusic.

22.Wholearnedmusicbyhimselforherself?

A.MarthaArgerich.B.LeifOveAndsnes.

C.AlfredBrendel.D.ArthurRubinstein.

23.HowisArthurRubinsteindifferentfromtheotherpianists?

A.HewasthedirectorofaNorwegianfestival.

B.Hemadeadifferenceinclassicalmusic.

C.Hewasthebestmusicianofthe20thcentury.

D.Hegotintouchwithsomefamouscomposers.

【答案】21.B22.C23.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文簡要介紹了四位世界頂級鋼琴演奏家：MarthaArgerich,LeifOveAndsnes,

AlfredBrendel和ArthurRubinstein

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MarthaArgerich部分中“Argerichpreferredbeingonstagewithothersinsteadof

performingsolo;therefore,shehasbeenperforminginaconcertoformatsincethe1980s.（阿格里奇更喜歡和另lj

人一起在舞臺上表演，而不是獨(dú)自表演;因此，從20世紀(jì)80年代開始，她一直以協(xié)奏曲的形式演出）”可知，

MarthaArgerich在她的職業(yè)生涯中注重的是和其他音樂家的合作。故選B。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AlfredBrendel部分中“Brendelwasself-taughtandlearnedhisloveofpianoatanearly

age.（布倫德爾自學(xué)成才，在很小的時候就愛上了鋼琴）”可知，Brendel自學(xué)音樂。故選C。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ArthurRubinstein部分中“Hiscareerbeganintheearly20thcenturywhenhebeganto

comeintocontactwithsomeoftheworld'smostimportantcomposers,suchasMauriceRavel,PaulDukas,and

JacquesThibaud.（他的職業(yè)生涯始于20世紀(jì)初，當(dāng)時他開始接觸到一些世界上最重要的作曲家，如莫里斯?拉

威爾、保羅?杜卡斯和雅克?蒂博）”可知，Rubinstein的職業(yè)生涯始于20世紀(jì)初，當(dāng)時他開始接觸到一些世界

上最有影響力的作曲家。故選D。

B

WhenIgraduatedfromcollegeandmovedtoWashington,D.C.in2017,1leftallofmyfriendsbehind.

Makingandofferinghome-cookedmealswasmybestattemptatmakingnewfriendsandcuringmyloneliness.

Myfoodwasprettygood.Soonenough,everyonewasaskingmefortherecipes,whichishowBunBoBae,my

cookingblog,cametobein2019.

Asamatteroffact,Ispentmostofmychildhoodinthekitchenwithmymom.Asatoddler,I'dsitandwatch

hercook.Mydutiesstartedwithjustpassinghertheingredients.Soon,Iwasmeasuring,steamingandstir-frying

mywaytowardkitchenmastery.IleftforcollegebeforeIcouldlearnmymom*sbestdishes.

In2015,IwentabroadtostudyinFrance.Iwaslivingalone-trulyalone-forthefirsttimeinmylife.

Therewerenoroommates,dormsordininghalls.IwasonmyownandIwasdesperatelyhomesick.So,Istarted

callingmymomandaskingfortherecipesformyfavoritedishes.

Itturnsoutthatmymomdoesn'thaveanyrecipesandmygrandmapassedonherknowledgeorally.Nowit

wasmyturn.BunBoBaewasinitiallyaspaceformetoputwhatIlearnedintowriting.Ididn'twantallofthe

secretknowledgebehinddishestodisappearonedayiftheoraltraditionended.Iwantedtowritedownevery

pieceofadviceIwasgivenindetail,tomakesurepeoplecouldkeepcreatingthesedishesasauthenticallyas

possible.

MybloghasgivenmeaspacetowriteaboutwhatIloveondayswhenIfeeltoodepressed.It'sconnected

metocountlessnewInternetfriends.Mostimportantly,writingforBunBoBaehastaughtmethatIshouldcook

upsomethingentirelynewwithmyownexperienceinsteadofperfectlyrecreatingmyparents,traditions.

24.WhydidtheauthorestablishBunBoBae?

A.Toremovethefeelingofloneliness.B.Tosatisfynewfriends*requirements.

C.Totrytoimprovehercookingskills.D.Toshareopinionsoncookingmeals.

25.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theauthorisagreathelperinthekitchen.B.Theauthorhasamemorablechildhood.

C.Theauthormakesprogressincooking.D.Theauthorfailstoenjoythebestdishes.

26.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Professionalandoutgoing.B.Ambitiousandcaring.

C.Independentandhonest.D.Generousandresponsible.

27.HowdoesBunBoBaehelptheauthor?

A.Bygivingachancetoenrichherexperience.B.Byinspiringhertodevelophercreativity.

C.Byofferingaplatformtoexpressherself.D.Byremindinghertospreadherparents'traditions.

【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了作者創(chuàng)建烹飪博客BunB。Bae的原因和感受。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Myfoodwasprettygood.Soonenough,everyonewasaskingmefortherecipes,

whichishowBunBoBae,mycookingblog,cametobein2019.（我的食物很好吃。很快，每個人都向我要食

譜，這就是我的烹飪博客BunBoBae在2019年誕生的原因）”可知，作者創(chuàng)建烹飪博客BunB。Bae是為了

滿足新朋友們的要求——討要菜譜。故選B。

25.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Asamatteroffact,Ispentmostofmychildhoodinthekitchenwithmymom.As

atoddler,I'dsitandwatchhercook.Mydutiesstartedwithjustpassinghertheingredients.Soon,Iwas

measuring,steamingandstir-fryingmywaytowardkitchenmastery.IleftforcollegebeforeIcouldlearnmy

mom'sbestdishes.（事實(shí)上，我童年的大部分時間都是和媽媽在廚房里度過的。當(dāng)我還是個蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子

時，我會坐在那里看她做飯。我的職責(zé)是從給她遞食材開始的。很快，我就學(xué)會了量菜、蒸菜和炒菜，逐

漸成為廚房的行家。我還沒學(xué)會我媽拿手的菜就去上大學(xué)了廣可知，這一段主要講述的是作者在烹飪方面

取得的進(jìn)步。故選Co

26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ididn'twantallofthesecretknowledgebehinddishestodisappearonedayifthe

oraltraditionended.IwantedtowritedowneverypieceofadviceIwasgivenindetail,tomakesurepeoplecould

keepcreatingthesedishesasauthenticallyaspossible.（我不希望有一天，隨著口述傳統(tǒng)的終結(jié)，所有隱藏在菜

肴背后的秘密知識都消失了。我想詳細(xì)地寫下我得到的每一條建議，以確保人們能夠盡可能地繼續(xù)制作這

些菜肴）”可知，作者不希望隱藏在菜肴背后的秘密知識消失，所以主動承擔(dān)起傳承菜譜的責(zé)任，并把菜譜

寫在博客上來與大家分享，以確保人們能夠制作這些菜肴。故可推知，作者是一個既有責(zé)任感又慷慨的人。

故選Do

27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Mostimportantly,writingforBunBoBaehastaughtmethatIshouldcookup

somethingentirelynewwithmyownexperienceinsteadofperfectlyrecreatingmyparents'traditions.（最重要的

是，為BunBoBae寫作教會了我，我應(yīng)該用自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造出全新的東西，而不是完美地重現(xiàn)父母的傳統(tǒng)）”

可知，BunB。Bae啟發(fā)作者，讓作者用自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造一些全新的東西，而不是完美地重現(xiàn)父母的傳統(tǒng)。

由此可知，博客BunB。Bae鼓勵作者開發(fā)創(chuàng)造力。故選B。

C

Someantshavefiguredouthowtoavoidgettinglost:buildtalleranthills,accordingtoarecentstudy.

Desertantslivinginthehot,flatsaltpansofTunisiaspendtheirdayslookingforfoodandreachasfaras1.1

kilometersfromtheirnests.Tofindtheirwayhome,desertantsuseanavigationsystem,relyingonthesun's

positionandcountingtheirstepstotracktheirlocationrelativetotheirnest.

Butthissystembecomesincreasinglyunreliableasthedistancefromthenestincreases.cuWerealizedthat,

whenevertheantsinsaltpanscameclosertotheirnest,theysuddenlypinpointedthenesthillfromseveralmeters

distance,9,saysMarkusKnaden,aresearcheratMaxPlanckInstituteforChemicalEcology."'Thismadeusthink

thatthehillservesasanest-defininglandmark.9,

SoKnadenandcolleaguescapturedantsfromnestsinthemiddleofsaltpansandfromalongtheirshorelines.

Onlysalt-pannestshaddistincthills,upto40centimeterstall,whereasthehillsonshorelinenestswereloweror

barelynoticeable.Next,theteamremovedanyhillsandplacedthecapturedinsectssomedistanceawayfromtheir

nests.Salt-panantsstruggledmorethanshoreantstofindhomes.Shoreantsreliedontheshorelineforguidance

andweren'taffectedbythehillremoval,theresearchersconcluded.

Theteamfurtherconductedanotherstudytoseeifdesertantsweredeliberatelybuildingatallerhillwhen

theirsurroundingslackedanyvisiblelandmarks.So,theresearchersremovedthehillsof16salt-pannestsand

installed（安裝）two5O-centimeter-tallblocksneareightofthem.Theothereightnestswereleftwithoutany

artificialvisualaid.Afterthreedays,theresearchersfoundthatsevenantsfromtheunaidednestshadrebuilttheir

hills.Butonlytwoantsfromthenestswithman-madeblocksnearbyhadbotheredtorebuild.

“Itimpliesthatantsregularlyassessthecomplexityoftheirenvironmentandchangetheirdecisionsbasedon

theirconclusion,9,saysecologistJudithBronsteinoftheUniversityofArizona.

28.Whataspectofantsistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.Challengesofsurvival.B.Landmarksofhabitats.

C.Intelligenceofnavigation.D.Comparisonofvarieties.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pinpointed“inparagraph2mean?

A.Explored.B.Recognized.C.Climbed.D.Crossed.

30.Whydidresearcherssetshorelineantsintheexperiment?

A.Toobservedifferentants'reactions.B.Toproveimpactsofvarioushabitats.

C.Todisturbdesertants5navigationsystem.D.Totestanthills5functionsandsignificance.

31.Whatconclusionaboutdesertantscanbedrawnfromthefollow-upstudy?

A.Evaluateandmakechanges.B.Visualaidisamust.

C.Cooperationbringsvictory.D.Noman-madeblocksareused.

【答案】28.C29.B30.A31.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章探討了沙漠螞蟻的“智能化導(dǎo)航”。

［詳解］1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Someantshavefiguredouthowtoavoidgettinglost:buildtalleranthills,

accordingtoarecentstudy.（一些螞蟻已經(jīng)想出了如何避免迷路：根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)研究，就是建造更高的蟻丘）"

以及第二、三段中的內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)沙漠螞蟻利用太陽的位置和計(jì)算步數(shù)來確定自己相對于巢穴的位

置，并且當(dāng)它們離巢越遠(yuǎn)時，這種導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)越不可靠。研究者進(jìn)一步觀察了沙漠鹽田和海岸線地區(qū)的螞蟻

巢穴，發(fā)現(xiàn)只有沙漠鹽田的巢穴上方有明顯的小丘，而海岸線地區(qū)的巢穴則較低或幾乎不可見。由此可知，

這項(xiàng)研究主要關(guān)于螞蟻導(dǎo)航的智能化。故選Co

2.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“Thismadeusthinkthatthehillservesasanest-defininglandmark.（這讓我們覺

得這座山就像是一個定義巢穴的地標(biāo)）”可知，研究者認(rèn)為這個小丘是沙漠螞蟻定位巢穴的地標(biāo)，它們在接近

巢穴時會一下子在幾米遠(yuǎn)的距離外辨認(rèn)出巢穴小丘。由此可知，劃線詞pinpointed的意思是“辨認(rèn)”。故選

B?

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，研究者對沙漠螞蟻和海岸線螞蟻進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)，目的是比較它們在

失去小丘后找回巢穴的情況。因此，研究者在實(shí)驗(yàn)中設(shè)置海岸線螞蟻是為了觀察不同螞蟻的反應(yīng)和表現(xiàn)。

故選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的"Afterthreedays,theresearchersfoundthatsevenantsfromtheunaidednests

hadrebuilttheirhills.Butonlytwoantsfromthenestswithman-madeblocksnearbyhadbotheredtorebuild.（三

天后，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，無人幫助的螞蟻巢中有七只螞蟻重建了它們的丘陵。但是只有兩只來自附近有人造

障礙的螞蟻巢中的螞蟻費(fèi)心去重建）”以及最后一段中的“Itimpliesthatantsregularlyassessthecomplexityof

theirenvironmentandchangetheirdecisionsbasedontheirconclusion.（這意味著螞蟻定期評估其環(huán)境的復(fù)雜

性，并根據(jù)他們的結(jié)論改變他們的決定）”可知，研究者進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)后續(xù)研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人為移除沙漠螞蟻的

鹽田巢穴的小丘時，一些螞蟻重新建造了它們的小丘，而有一些螞蟻利用人為搭建的地標(biāo)建巢。由此可知，

螞蟻會定期評估周圍環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性，并根據(jù)自己的結(jié)論改變決策。故選A。

D

Peoplesolvesomenewproblemsreadilywithoutanyspecialtrainingorpracticebycomparingthemto

familiarproblemsandextendingthesolutionstothenewproblems.Thatprocess,knownasanalogicalreasoning

（類比推理），haslongbeenthoughttobeanabilityonlyhumanshave.Butnowpeoplemighthavetomakeroom

foranewkidontheblock.

PsychologistsfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles（UCLA）claimthat,astonishingly,theartificial

intelligence（AI）languagemodelGPT-3performsaboutaswellascollegeundergraduateswhenaskedtosolvethe

sortofreasoningproblemsthattypicallyappearonintelligencetestsandstandardizedtests.

Butthepsychologistsraisethequestion:IsGPT-3copyinghumanreasoningasaby-productofitsmassive

languagetrainingdatasetorusingafundamentallynewkindofcognitive（認(rèn)矢口的）process?Theyalsosaythat

althoughGPT-3performsfarbetterthantheyexpectedatsomereasoningtasks,thepopularAItoolstillfails

completelyatothers.6ltcandoanalogicalreasoning,butitcan'tdothingsthatareveryeasyforpeople,suchas

usingtoolstosolveaphysicaltask,“saysTaylorWebb,aUCLApostdoctoralresearcherinpsychology.

WebbandhiscolleaguestestedGPT-3'sabilitytosolveasetofproblemsinspiredbyatestknownas

Raven5sProgressiveMatrices,whichaskthesubjecttopredictthenextimageinacomplicatedarrangementof

shapes.ToenableGPT-3to“see"theshapes,andmakesurethattheAItoolhadnevermetthequestionsbefore,

WebbtransformedtheimagesintoatextformatthatGPT-3couldprocess.

Thepsychologistsasked40UCLAundergraduatestudentstosolvethesameproblems.Surprisingly,notonly

didGPT-3doaboutaswellashumansbutitmadesimilarmistakesaswell.GPT-3solved80%oftheproblems

correctly-wellabovethehumansubjects5averagescoreofjustbelow60%,butwithintherangeofthehighest

humanscores.

32.Whatisanalogicalreasoningusuallyconsidered?

A.Asimplelearningskill.B.Auniquehumanability.

C.Avitalthinkingprocess.D.Asolutiontoanyproblem.

33.WhatdidWebbwanttostressaboutGPT-3'sperformanceatothertasks?

A.Itssystemhassomelimitations.B.Itsapplicationhasn'tbeenpopular.

C.Itneedstobetrainedforthesetasks.D.Itisgoodatcopyinghumanreasoning.

34.Whyweretheshapeschangedtoatextformat?

A.Toadddifficultytothequestions.B.ToenableGPT-3toseetheresults.

C.Toguaranteetheforeignnessofthetasks.D.TotestGPT-39sabilitytoidentifytext.

35.WhatmightthepsychologistsconcludeaboutGPT-3fromtheirtests?

A.Itwillreplacehumansinsomecases.B.Itrarelymakesmistakeslikehumans.

C.Itisabletodothingsveryeasyforpeople.D.Itrunsundergraduatescloseinreasoning.

【答案】32.B33.A34.C35.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人們不需要經(jīng)過任何特殊的訓(xùn)練或?qū)嵺`就能輕松地解決一些新問題,

方法是將新問題與熟悉的問題進(jìn)行比較，并將解決方案應(yīng)用到新問題上。這個過程被稱為類比推理。長期

以來，類比推理一直被認(rèn)為是人類獨(dú)有的能力。但現(xiàn)在人們可能不得不為新來者騰出空間。

32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段講到"Thatprocess,knownasanalogicalreasoning（類比推理），haslongbeen

thoughttobeanabilityonlyhumanshave（這個過程被稱為類比推理,長期以來一直被認(rèn)為是只有人類才能擁

有的能力）”可知，類比推理能力通常被認(rèn)為是人類獨(dú)有的能力。故選B。

33.推理判斷題。文章第三段講到"althoughGPT-3performsfarbetterthantheyexpectedatsomereasoning

tasks,thepopularAItoolstillfailscompletelyatothers."Itcandoanalogicalreasoning,butitcan'tdothingsthat

areveryeasyforpeople,suchasusingtoolstosolveaphysicaltask（盡管GPT-3在某些推理任務(wù)上的表現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)好

于他們的預(yù)期，但流行的人工智能工具在其他任務(wù)上仍然完全失敗?！彼梢赃M(jìn)行類比推理，但不能做對

人們來說很容易的事情，比如使用工具解決物理任務(wù)）”可知，關(guān)于GPT-3在其他任務(wù)中的表現(xiàn)，Webb想

強(qiáng)調(diào)的是它的系統(tǒng)有一些局限性。故選A。

34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第四段講到"ToenableGPT-3to“see"theshapes,andmakesurethattheAItoolhadnever

metthequestionsbefore,WebbtransformedtheimagesintoatextformatthatGPT-3couldprocess.（為了使

GPT-3能夠“看至「形狀，并確保人工智能工具以前從未遇到過這些問題，Webb將圖像轉(zhuǎn)換為GPT-3可以

處理的文本格式。）”可知，將形狀更改為文本格式是為了保證任務(wù)的新穎性。故選C。

35.推理判斷題。文章第二段中的"theartificialintelligence（AI）languagemodelGPT-3performsaboutaswell

ascollegeundergraduates（人工智能（AI）語言模型GPT-3的表現(xiàn)與大學(xué)本科生差不多）”以及最后一段講到

""Surprisingly,notonlydidGPT-3doaboutaswellashumansbutitmadesimilarmistakesaswell.（令人驚訝的

是，GPT-3不僅表現(xiàn)得和人類一樣好，而且也犯了類似的錯誤。廣可知，GPT-3的推理能力和大學(xué)本科生

差不多一樣好。D項(xiàng)中runsb.close”與某人不相上下，與某人差不多一樣好”。故選D。

第二節(jié)（共5小題:每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

We'reluckytoliveinanagewhenthesumtotalofhumanknowledgeisprettyavailableattheclickofa

button.We'veneverhadaccesstosomuchinformation.36.Sohereareafewstrategiestosharpenyour

criticalthinking.

Watchoutforconfirmationpreudice（偏見）.37.Inrepeatedexperiments,psychologistshaveshown

we'remuchmorelikelytoacceptsomethingasevidenceifitconfirmswhatwealreadythinkweknow.Andwe're

muchmorelikelytoignoreinformationifitisnotinlinewithourviews,whichwillaffectourabilitytoprocess

information.

Acknowledgesmalldifferences.Inlife,mostsituationsarevaryingandcomplicated.Admittingthatcan

enrichthewaythatweviewtheworld.Forexample,whatcol