高中英語必修5講義Module1Section3

[語法初識(shí)]原句感知自主探究1.ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.2．Someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.3．Thisinternationaldimensionsuggeststhatinthefuture,therearegoingtobemany“Englishes”，notjusttwomainvarieties.4．UsersofEnglishwillbe

abletounderstandeachother—wherevertheyare.5．ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlersarrivedfourhundredyearsago.1.句1用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。2．句2用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成為：be_(am/is/are)＋doing。3．句3和句4用了將來時(shí)態(tài)，句3表示“有征兆或跡象會(huì)發(fā)生某事”，句4表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。4．句5用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在，謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成為：have/has＋done。[語法剖析]語法點(diǎn)一四種時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法時(shí)態(tài)基本用法謂語構(gòu)成 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)①現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；②主語的特征、性格、能力等do/does 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作is/am/aredoing 一般將來時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在看來即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)will/shalldo 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)①表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成一定的影響或結(jié)果；②表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用have/hasdone

Healwayssleepswiththewindowopen.他總是開著窗戶睡覺。Alltheclassmatesarereviewingthelessonintheclassroomnow.同學(xué)們正在教室里復(fù)習(xí)功課。Leaveshavestartedtochangecolour;itwillbeautumnsoon.樹葉開始變色；秋天就要來了。HehaslivedinLondonsincethreeyearsago.自從三年前他就住在倫敦。集中演練11－1.單句語法填空①Sofar,thefarmerhas_looked(look)forthemissinggoatforseveralhours.②Hehas_been(be)inthearmyfortwoyears.③Mybrotherplays(play)footballquitewell,buthehasn'tplayeditsincelastyear.④Youwill_get(get)wetifyougooutwithoutanumbrella.⑤Nowthesituationis_being(bee)worsebecauseofhercarelessness.⑥Thefactisthatthosescientistsare_studying(study)thiskindofdiseasethesedays.⑦Ithinktheywill_help(help)youifyoucantellthem.⑧Idon'tknowwhatwill_happen(happen)inthefuture.⑨It'ssaidthatthetwoplanetsare_moving(move)closerandcloser,andthat'sthereasonwhysomanyearthquakesoccur.⑩Thiscoatcostsalotandtheclothwashes(wash)well.1－2.完成句子?Thenewtypeofcellphonewill_sell_better(將會(huì)更暢銷)ifitisadvertisedonTV.?WhenIseeAliceinthestreet,shealwayssmiles_at_me(朝我微笑)．?Don'ttakethecameraaway.Mywifeis_using_it(正在使用)．?Ihave_sat_for_hours_in_the_classroom(一連幾小時(shí)坐在教室里),readinganovel.?Hehas_recently_joined(最近加入了)theboardofthepany.語法點(diǎn)二四種時(shí)態(tài)的特殊用法1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,constantly,forever等頻度副詞連用時(shí)表示贊揚(yáng)、批評(píng)、不滿、驚奇等感情色彩。Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.他總是想著別人。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你總是改變主意。3．一般將來時(shí)可表示客觀預(yù)測(cè)或臨時(shí)決定。Willwemeetaliensinthefuture?我們會(huì)在未來遇見外星人嗎？—DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?—Oh,no,Iforgot.Iwillcallhernow.——你告訴朱莉婭結(jié)果了嗎？——哦，沒有，我忘了。我現(xiàn)在就給她打。4．使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特殊句型(1)“Itisthefirst/second...time＋從句”句型中的從句部分常使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.這是我第一次參觀這座城市。(2)It/This/Thatisthe＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞＋that從句中，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisisthebestfilmIhaveseen.這是我看過的最好的電影。集中演練22－1.單句語法填空①Anappleadaykeeps(keep)thedoctoraway.②—Tomwasinjuredbadlyintheaccidentyesterday.—Oh,Ididn'tknow.Iwill_see(see)himafterwork.③ItisthefirsttimeIhave_driven(drive)acar.④Thisisthemostinterestingfilmhehas_made(make)．2－2.完成句子⑤Heis_always_thinking_ofhowhecoulddomoreforthepeople.他總是想著怎樣才能為人們多做些事情。⑥Insummer,daysare_longerthannights.夏天白天比夜晚長(zhǎng)。⑦—Tomwasinjuredbadlyintheaccidentyesterday.—Oh,Ididn'tknow.Iwill_seehimafterwork.——湯姆在昨天的事故中受傷很嚴(yán)重?！叮也恢?。我下班后去看他。⑧ThisisthebestvoicethatIhave_heard．這是我聽過的最好的嗓音。語法點(diǎn)三一般將來時(shí)的幾種常見表達(dá)方式1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(1)當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)或表示將來意義時(shí)，時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。Weshallnotbeginthediscussionuntilhearrives.等他來了，我們?cè)匍_始討論。(2)表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。Theplanetakesoffat10a．m.飛機(jī)上午10點(diǎn)起飛。2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來一些短暫性動(dòng)詞，如die,stop,start,finish,approach,e等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。MymotherisingtovisitmenextweekandisstayinghereuntilMay.我媽媽下周將來看我，并會(huì)待到5月。3．begoingtodo該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“打算去做……”以及根據(jù)一些跡象判斷要發(fā)生某事。ThisisjustwhatIamgoingtosay.這正是我想說的。Lookatthedarkclouds;Iguessitisgoingtorainthisafternoon.看這些烏云，我想今天下午要下雨了。4．beabouttodo該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“即將、正要”，強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做，不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。Don'tworry.Iamabouttomakeacloseexaminationonyou.別擔(dān)心。我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。5．beto＋動(dòng)詞原形該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“按計(jì)劃、安排或打算要做某事”，有時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)決心。Sheistogetmarriednextmonth.她將于下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。集中演練33－1.單句語法填空①Heisgoingtovisithisauntassoonashearrives(arrive)inBeijing.②Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026takes(take)offat18：20.③Nooneis_to_leave(leave)thisbuildingwithoutthepermissionofthepolice.④Themeetingis_beginning/begins(begin)atthreethisafternoon.3－2.單句改錯(cuò)⑤Imustfinishtheworkbeforeshewillreturn.will_return→returns⑥Thetrainwillpullinat3.Itisnow2：30.Wemusthurrytothestationtomeetourparents.will_pull→pulls⑦Theregoesthebell.Thefilmwillbegin.will→is_about_to⑧Lookattheclouds.Therewillbeastorm.will→is_going_to[鏈接高考]單句語法填空1．(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語法填空)Thiscyclegoes(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.解析：考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。主語是thiscycle，且此處表示目前的情況，所以用goes。2．(2015·北京高考)Inthelastfewyears,Chinahas_made(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過去幾年里，中國(guó)在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面取得了極大的成就。根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語Inthelastfewyears可知，應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。3．(2015·北京高考)—Dr.Jacksonisnotinhisofficeatthemoment.—Allright.Iwill_call(call)himlater.解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：“約翰遜博士現(xiàn)在不在辦公室?！薄昂玫模掖龝?huì)兒再打給他?！庇蓵r(shí)間狀語later和情景可知，此處表示臨時(shí)性的打算，應(yīng)該使用will表示一般將來時(shí)。4．(2015·湖南高考)Asyougothroughthisbook,youwill_find(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarⅡhadadifferentexperience.解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)你在瀏覽這本書的時(shí)候你將發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)百萬經(jīng)歷過第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的人都有一個(gè)不同的經(jīng)歷。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)得知as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主句用將來時(shí)態(tài)。5．(2014·北京高考)—Hi,let'sgoskating.—Sorry,I'mbusyrightnow.Iam_filling(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：“嗨，我們?nèi)セ??！薄氨?，我現(xiàn)在很忙?！蔽艺谔钜环菪鹿ぷ鞯纳暾?qǐng)表。此句表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。6．(2014·大綱卷)Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobodyhas_seen(see)themsince.解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在2012年丟失了那些報(bào)告，至今也沒有找到。根據(jù)since可知，此處指sincethereportswentmissingin2012，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。[針對(duì)演練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．I'msorryIhave_lost(lose)mykey.Ican'topenthedoor.2．It'ssaidthattwoplatesare_moving(move)closerandcloser,andthat'sthereasonwhysomanyearthquakesoccur.3．ThisisthefirsttimethatIhave_seen(see)thiskindoffilm.4．Theteachertoldusthatlighttravels(travel)fasterthansound.5．Wewilllosemoneythisyearunlesstheneweconomicplanofyoursworks(work)miracle.6．Thissongsoundsverypleasant.Let'sgoupstairsandseewhois_singing(sing)．7.—IthoughtIhadremindedyoutotakeouttherubbish.—Oh,Iforgot.Iwill_do(do)itrightnow.8．Thetelephonehas_rung(ring)fivetimesinthelasttwohours,andeachtimeitwasformyfather.9．Thelittlegirlisveryhappy,becauseshehas_sold(sell)outalltheflowers.10．Ithinktheywill_help(help)youifyoutellthem.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Iwill_not_believeyouunlessIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.除非我親眼看到，否則我不會(huì)相信你的。2．Theyare_going_to_haveapetitionwithus.他們打算跟我們舉行一場(chǎng)比賽。3．Ihave_experiencedalotinthepastthreeyears.在過去的三年里我經(jīng)歷了很多事情。4．Itseldomsnowshereinwinter.冬天這個(gè)地方很少下雪。5．Mr.Greenis_writinganothernovelthismonth.這個(gè)月格林先生在寫另一部小說。Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)Accor