2023北京平谷區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末英語試題及答案

2023北京平谷高二（下）期末英語2023.71.本試卷共12頁,包括三部分,100分?？荚嚂r(shí)間90分鐘。2.在答題卡上準(zhǔn)確填寫學(xué)校名稱、班級(jí)和姓名。注意事項(xiàng)3.試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上,在試卷上作答無效。4.在答題卡上,選擇題用2B鉛筆作答,其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。5.考試結(jié)束請將答題卡交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ThereIsNoPingwithoutAPongInFebruary2020,myhusband,Bob,andIwereofferedanoutdoorpingpongtable,butIwasnotgoodatpingpongatall.“Whatarewegoingtodowiththat?”Bobaskedme.Heclearlythoughtwewereabouttogetsomethingwedidnot__1__.“Thetwoofuswillplay.”Ireplied.Boblookeddoubtful.Thepingpongtablearrived__2__beforetheCOVID-19quarantines(隔離)began.Wewerebothworkingathome.Everydayalittleafter5,ifwasn?trainy,weplayedpingpongforabout45minutes,drivingawaytheanxietyor__3__ofanotherinlockdown.Ilosteverygame.Itdidn’t__4__meatfirst.Bobwasenjoyingthechanceto__.ButthereweredayswhenIhatedlosing.OnceIthrewmypaddleacrosstheyardinanger.ThenonedayBobsuggestedIplaywithahandicap(讓步賽)of12points.That__6__alot—Isometimeswon!Theeffortoftryingtowin__7__.EvenwhenIlostapoint,IenjoyedmakingBobworkharderforit.Pingponghelpedmyhusbandandme__8__theworstofthelockdowns.Thegiftthepingpongtablegaveusawaytohavefunina__9__time.Ittakestwowillingpartnerstoplaytabletennis.Similarly,ittakestwopeoplewouldliketo__10__happinesswitheachothertomakeamarriage.Simplyput,itcomestotabletennis—oranyotherrelationship—thereisnowithoutapong.1.A.needB.protectC.consumeC.speciallyD.waste2.A.additionallyB.suddenlyD.shortly3.A.happiness4.A.benefit5.A.diveB.excitementC.boredomD.lazinessD.envyB.botherB.sighC.appealC.freezeC.hurtD.win6.A.helped7.A.challenging8.A.getinB.struckD.involvedD.annoyingD.getonD.commonD.burdenB.disappointingC.pleasingB.getthroughC.getup9.A.frequent10.A.shareB.similarC.difficultC.bearB.compare第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AOnarainyevening,Bobsawanoldladystandingonthesideoftheroadbesidehercar.couldseesheneededhelp.Sohe__11__(stop)andsaidtoher,“?mheretohelpyou,madam.Whydon?tyouwaitinthecarwhereitiswram?”Withmucheffort,hefixedtheproblem.Theladyaskedhowmuchsheowedhim.Bobneverexpected__12__(get)paid.toldthatthenexttimeshesawaperson13__neededhelp,shecouldgivethatpersontheassistancetheyneeded.BWemaythinkthatliteraturehasseveralgenres,buttherearereallyonlythree—poetry,dramaandprose.When__14__(read)inschool,studentsoftenencountertheseEnglishliterarygenres.Literarygenresare__15__(category)ofliteraturethatgenerallyaredeterminedbytechnique,length,toneandcontent.Whenwelistliterarygenresfromabroaderperspective,weknowthattheycanbemoreabstract,flexibleandlooselydefinedbycomparison.However,whengetmorespecificintothesubcategories,thetypedistinctionsandrulesbecome__16__(particular)clear.CForKeziaWhitaker,cookinghasalwaysbeenabigpartofherlife.Shespentherchildhoodinthekitchenwithhermum,learningabouttheflavorsandskillsneededtomakeanamazingmeal.SofarKezia__17__(become)thefirstwinneroftheBBCcookingcompetitionYoungMasterChef.ShecookedJamaicanandotherCaribbean-styledishes,which__18__(describe)“sunshineaplate”.Whittakerlovestosharepassionwithfriendsonline,showingyoungpeople__19__interestingcookingis.“I’msoaddicted__20__cooking,”shesaid.“Anythingfoodrelated,I’mrunningtowardsit.”第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分,共28分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAmyisdoingaprojectgreatliterarywriters.now,shehascollectedsomeinformation.JaneAusten(16December1775—18July1817)wasanEnglishnovelist.Austen’splotsoftenexplorethedependenceofwomenonmarriageinthepursuitoffavorablesocialstandingandeconomicsecurity.Herusesofbitingirony,alongwithherrealism,humorandsocialcommentary,havelongearnedherpraise.WiththepublicationSenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,MansfieldParkandEmma,sheachievedsuccess.Shewrotetwoothernovels,NorthangerAbbeyandPersuasionandbegananother,titledSanditon,butdiedbeforeitscompletion.Hernovelshaveinspiredmanyfilms.CharlesDickens(7February1812—9June1870)wasanEnglishwriter.Hecreatedsomeoftheworld?sbest-knownfictionalcharacters.Bythetwentiethcentury,criticsandscholarshadrecognisedhimasaliterarygenius.OliverTwistandGreatExpectationsarefrequentlyadapted.ATaleofTwoCities,setinLondonandParis,ishisbest-knownworkofhistoricalfiction.Dickenshasbeenpraisedforhisrealism,comedy,prosestyle,uniquecharacterizationsandsocialcriticism.MarkTwain(November30,1835—April21,1910),wasanAmericanwriter,humorist,entrepreneur,publisherandlecturer.AmonghisnovelsareTheAdventuresofTomSawyerandTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,thelatteroftencalled“TheGreatAmericanNovel”.TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty,basedonastorythatheheardAngelsHotelinAngelsCamp,California,waspublishedin1865.Theshortstorybroughtinternationalattention.Hiswitandsatireearnedpraisefromcriticsandpeers.ArthurConanDoyle(22May1859—7July1930)wasaBritishwriterbestknownforhisdetectivefictionfeaturingthecharacterSherlockHolmes.In1887hepublishedAStudyinScarlet,thefirstfournovelsaboutHolmesandDr.Watson.TheSherlockHolmesstoriesareconsideredmilestonesinthefieldofcrimefiction.Hewasaprolificwriterwhoseotherworksincludefantasyandsciencefictionstories,plays,romances,poetry,non-fictionandhistoricalnovels.21.Whichbookwasproducedearliest?A.AStudyofScarletB.PrideandPrejudiceC.ATaleofTwoCitiesD.TheAdventuresTomSawyer22.WhatdoweknowaboutTheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty?A.Itwasadrama.B.Itattractedglobalattention.C.Itwascalled“TheGreatAmericanNovel”.D.ItwasbasedonastorythatMarkTwainheardinFlorida.23.______booksareconsideredlandmarksinthefieldofcrimefiction.A.MarkTwain’sB.JaneAusten’sC.CharlesDickens’D.ArthurConanDoylesBWehavejustnotinperson.Iamortgage(抵押貸款)bankersoIdomyfinancialtransactionsoverthephoneandcomputer.ThisladyisaborrowerofmineandIhavedonetwoofherrefinancesoverthepastfewyears.Sheisnotawomanthatismymother’sage,notagrandmotherlytypeofclient.Sheismyage.Wehavenevermetinperson.ShelivesinNewJerseyandIliveinCalifornia.IalwaystrytomakeaMortgagetransactionasexcitingasandasfunasitcanbeandofcourseherloanturnedgreat,butnothingspectacularhappenedwhereIsavedtheoranythinglikethat.Everythingransmooth.MortgageisnotthemostexcitingthingintheUnitedStatesAmerica.Everycoupleofmonths,forthepastthreeyears,shewouldemailmealittlenotethattoldmehowmuchsheappreciatedme,howImadeadifferenceinherlife,howsmartIwas,andhowthankfulshewasofme.Ihaveastressfuljob,andsometimesmycheeseisfallingmycrackeralldaylongandjustonelittlenotefromcompletelychangesmywholeday.SometimesitevenmakesmecryalittlebecauseitsexactlywhatIneededtohear.Littledoessheknowthatthatonelittleactiontosomebodyshebarelyevenknowsdoessomuchformeoverhereontheotherend.ThismorningIturnedmycomputerandwastryingtowakeupandgruntingmyemailsandthereitwas,anothernotefromher.IstartedmydayinsuchagoodmoodandIletherknowhowmuchshemakesadifferenceinmylife!Ialsoletherknowhowluckythepeoplearethatareinherlifeifshetreatseverybodylikethis!Everyoneissostressedoutandlonelyrightnow.Takeamomentinyourdaytomorrowtodoonelittlenicethingforsomebody,evenifitsforsomeonedonotknow.Youcanmakeonelittledifferenceintheirlifeandputintomotionawholestreampositivityafterthat.24.Whatthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthewriterandthewoman?A.Buyerandborrower.B.Managerandemployee.C.Bossandcustomer.D.Bankerandclient.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theyliveindifferentcountries.B.Thewriterborrowedmoneyfromthiswoman.C.Thewomanand“I”havemetinpersonbefore.D.Bothofthemarethankfultoeachother.26.Fromtheunderlinedsentence“···sometimesmycheeseisfallingoffmycrackeralldaylong”,wecaninferthatthewriterwas______.A.upsetB.relaxedC.satisfiedD.optimistic27.Whattheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Totellhis/herstorywithanunknownwoman.B.introducehis/herjobasamortgagebanker.C.encouragepeopletodoonelittlegoodthingtoothers.D.Tocallpeopletomakeacontributiontowholeworld.CWiththedevelopmenttechnology,computersaremorecapableofusinglanguage.Largelanguagemodels(LLMs),ofwhichthemostfamousisChatGPT,producewhatlookslikehumanwriting.However,adebatehasbeenarousedovertheseitems:whatthemachinesareactuallydoinginternallywhattheoperationofthebrainiswhenhumansspeak.AccordingProfessorNoamChomsky,afamouslinguist(語言學(xué)家),humanlanguageisdifferentfromallotherkindsofcommunication.Allhumanlanguagesmoresimilartoeachotherthantheyaretoothertypesofcommunication,suchaswhalesongorcomputercode.InarecentNewYorkTimesop-ed,Chomskyandtwoco-authorssaid“weknow”thatcomputersdonotthinkoruselanguageashumansdo.LLMs,infact,justpredictthenextwordinastringofwords.ItishardtounderstandwhatLLMs“think”.DetailsoftheprogrammingandtrainingdataofcommercialoneslikeChatGPTareproprietary.noteventheprogrammersknowexactlyisgoingoninside.Linguistshave,however,foundcleverwaystotestLLMs’underlyingknowledge.TheyfoundthatLLMscanhandlesomenewwordsandgrasppartsofspeech.Forexample,tellChatGPTthat“dax”isaverbmeaningtoeataslicepizzabyfoldingit,andthesystemcanuseiteasily:“Afteralongdayatwork,IliketorelaxanddaxonasliceofpizzawhilewatchingfavouriteTVshow.”GPT-3(theLLMunderlyingChatGPTuntiltherecentreleaseofGPT-4)isestimatedtobetrainedonabout1,000timesthedataahumanten-year-oldisexposedto.Thatleavesopenthepossibilitythatchildrenhaveaninborntendencytogrammar,makingthemfarmoreproficientthananyLLM.InaforthcomingpaperinLinguisticInquiry,researchersclaimtohavetrainedanonnomoretextthanahumanchildisexposedto,findingthatitcanuseevenrarebitsgrammar.otherresearchershavetriedtotrainanLLMonadatabaseofonlychild-directedlanguage.HereLLMsbehavedworse.Perhapsthebrainreallyisbuiltforlanguage,asProfessorChomskysays.28.AccordingtoNoamChomsky,______.A.whalesongsaresimilartocomputercodeB.nofurtherresearchshallbecarriedoutonChatGPTC.computersdonotdealwithlanguagelikehumansdoD.humanlanguageisbasedonotherkindsofcommunication29.ItcaninferredfromParagraph4that.A.LLMsmightbecomeatoollearninglanguagesB.somelinguistsareopposedtothetechnologyLLMsC.linguistshavethehobbyofdaxingonasliceofpizzaD.anycomplicatedwordintheworldcanbehandledviaLLMs30.Thepassagemainlytellsus.A.whatLLMsarenotcapableofB.howlinguistsunderstandLLMsC.humanshouldrejectChatGPTD.thathumanlanguageswouldbereplacedbyChatGPTDApicturemightbeworthathousandwords,butsometimes,afewwordstellabiggerstory.Instagramusersfindthatacarefullythought-outcaptionforimagecanmakeviewerspause,revealsomethingaboutthecreator’spersonality,driveengagement,andperhapsinspireonetotakeaction.Dolabelsinmuseumsandartgalleriesdosomethingsimilarwhenpairedwithartworks?Arecentstudy,donebyKohinoorM.DardaandAnjanChatterjee,researchersfromUniversityofPennsylvania,wascarriedouttofindtheanswer.Theyaskedsubjectshowmuchtheylikedabstractandrepresentationalpaintings.Inthefirstexperiment,NorthernAmericansubjectsviewedJacksonPollock’sabstractworkswithnoadditionalinformationoraccompaniedbybiographicalinformationaboutPollockaswellashistechniqueforcreatingart.Inthesecondexperiment,NorthernAmericansubjectsviewedIndianandAmerican-Europeanrepresentationalpaintingsthatweres’andin-groupastoaaa“”saa’to______.’“”233.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Viewerspresentedwithcontextualinformationlikedabstractandrepresentationalpaintingsequally.B.Contextualinformationcanreducein-groupbiasconcerningAmerican-Europeanpaintings.C.Viewerswithlessexposuretoartarelesslikelytobeaffectedbycontextualinformation.D.Contextualinformationprovedtohavedifferentimpactspaintingswithdifferentorigins.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.MeetaKinderWorldthroughArtB.TheImpactoftheSocioculturalInformationC.UnderstandingArtwithintheContextD.TheMoreInformed,theLessFavoritism第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Atsomepoint,everyonewantstoimproveorchangethingsintheirlives.____35____Whetheryouwanttotakeonnewchallenges,enhanceyourworkperformanceorchangeunhealthyhabits,creatingapersonaldevelopmentplanisagreatwaytoensuresuccess.Decidewhatyouwanttochange.Takedownnotesontheareasofyourlifethataren’tworkingwellforyou.Someexpertsbelieveitisbettertofocusononegoalatatimetostayfocused.____36____Pinpointspecificareasyourlifethathaveburdenedyouformonths,years.example,ifyouintendtostoprelyingonmobilephone,nowmightbethetimetomakethatgoaltoquit!Havefaithinyourselfandintheprocess.____37____Ifyoudon’tbelieveyoucanabsolutelytransformyourlifeandgetwhatwant,thenyoumightwellforgetaboutgoalsettingandsomethingelse.Ifyouareindoubt,lookaroundatyourworld.Everythingstartedwithasinglethought!Imaginetheoutcome.Someexpertsbelievethattakingafewminuteseverydaytovisualizespecificgoalsmayhaveasignificantimpactonthedegreesuccessyouexperience.Insomecasesresearchhasrevealedthatmentalpracticesarealmostaseffectiveastruephysicalpractice.____38________39____Let’sbehonest,youdon’tthinkaboutyourgoals,youwon’tmakethemhappen.Atasettime,perhapsMondaymornings,reviewprogressforthelastweekandsetnewactionstepsfortheupcomingweekthatpushyoutowardsyourultimategoal.Readingyourgoalsweeklyhelpsremindoftheirimportanceandkeepsyouclearonwhatyoutrulywantinyourlife.A.Reviewyourgoalsweekly.B.Makesureyourgoalsareattainable.C.However,youmayfeelliketacklingseveralgoalsonce.D.Underthegoalarea,makealistthingsyouwanttochange.E.Thefirststeptogoalsettingistohavetotalbeliefthatyoucansucceed.F.Beforegotosleepatnight,tryclosingyoureyesandimaginingyoursuccess.G.Apersonaldevelopmentplancanhelpyoureachthegoalsyouhavebeendreamingabout.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié),32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題,第40、41題各2分,第42題3分,第43題5分,共12分)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Sachinstartedatextilebusiness.Heinvestedallthemoneyfromhissavingsintothebusiness.Also,heborrowedsomemoneyfromhisfriendsandfamily.Inthebeginning,theprofitfromhisprojectswasonlysufficienttocoverhisbasicexpenses.Buthemaintainedtopqualityforallthedeliveries.Hetriedveryhardtogetbigprojectsbutcouldnotgetone.Notreturningmoneytohisfriendsandfamilymembersintime,Sachinthoughtofsellinghistextilebusiness.Onedayhewassittingafarmandthinking.Afarmeraskedhim,“Whyareyousoupset?Whattheproblem?”Sachinrepliedhisbusinesswasnotgivingreturnsashethought.So,hewasthinkingofsellingitoffasitwasnotworthpursuinganymore.Hearinghiswholestory,thefarmertookhimtohisfarm.Heshowedhimamangotreeandabambootree.said,“Iplantedboththetreesthesametimeandnurturedthemwiththesamethingstheyneeded.Afterthefirstyears,themangotreegrewtoacertainheight.Buttherewerenosignsofgrowthinthebamboo.continuedforthethirdandfourthyears.Inthefifthyear,themangotreestartedproducingfruits.Still,therewerenosignsinthebamboo.However,afteraweek,therewasasignofgrowthinthebambootree.Thenwithinsixweeks,thetreeto100feet.ThenIrealized,inthefirstfouryears,itwasdevelopingitsrootdeepundergroundforabasestrongenoughtosupportitsoutsidegrowth.So,thesameprincipleappliestoyourbusinessaswell.Waitforyourtimeandnevergiveup.”Afterhearingthisstory,Sachinthankedthefarmer.Hethenstartedexploringtheopportunitiesandwenttobigcompaniesfororders.Inthethirdmonth,hegottheorderfromabigcompanyworthmillionsandthencontinuousorders.Sachinsettledallthemoneytohisfamilyandfriends.Hisbusinessisnowrunningintoahighlyprofitablebusiness.40.WheredidSachingetthemoneytostartbusiness?41.WhydidSachinwanttosellcompany?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Inthefirstfouryears,therewerenosignsofgrowthinthebambootreebecausethefarmerdidn?tgiveitenoughnutrition.43.Whathaveyoulearntfromthisstory?Giveexampleinyourownlifetosupportyouridea.(Inabout40words)第二節(jié)(20分)假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二學(xué)生李華。你收到英國好友Jim的來信,得知他將要到中國上大學(xué)