M4U1-Grammar-and-usage牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊四Unit1-直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解

GRAMMARANDUSAGEDirectspeechandreportedspeechanorganizationwhichprintstextormusic；anemployeeofapublishingcompanywhohasresponsibilityfordecidingwhatispublishedadj.大為驚奇vt.推薦；建議，勸告；介紹amazedrecommendpublishern.出版社，出版機(jī)構(gòu)；出版人，發(fā)行人extremelysurprisedtosuggestthatsomeoneorsth.wouldbegoodorsuitableforaparticularjoborpurpose,ortosuggestthataparticularactionshouldbedonen.高年級(jí)學(xué)生，畢業(yè)班學(xué)生；上司；年紀(jì)較長(zhǎng)的人(onlybeforenoun)connectedwiththelastyearinhighschoolorcollege;highorhigherinranksenioradj.〔高中或大學(xué)〕畢業(yè)年級(jí)的；級(jí)別〔或地位〕高的astudentintheirfinalyearofhighschooloruniversity;someonewhoishighorhigherinrank;apersonwhoisolderthansb.elseseniorn.設(shè)計(jì)者，設(shè)計(jì)師designerpurchasen.采購(gòu)；購(gòu)置的東西tobuyvt.購(gòu)置，采購(gòu)theactofbuyingsth.;sth.thatyoubuyapersonwhoimagineshowsth.couldbemadeanddrawsplansforitpurchasesoftwaren.軟件theinstructionswhichcontrolwhatacomputerdoes;computerprogramsn.建議，提示；頂端，末梢；小費(fèi)ausefulpieceofinformation,esp.abouthowtodosth.oraboutthelikelywinnerofaraceorcompetition;theusuallypointedendofsth.,esp.sth.whichislongandthin;asmallamountofmoneygiventosomeonewhohasprovidedyouwithaservice,inadditiontotheofficialpaymentandfortheirpersonalusetipadj.引人注目的eye-catchingveryattractiveornoticeableto(causeto)movesothatonesideishigherthananotherside;togivesomeonewhohasprovidedyouwithaserviceanextraamountofmoneytothankthemvt.&vi.〔使〕傾斜，傾覆；給小費(fèi)tipObjectivesTolearnhowtousereportedspeechinstatements,questionsandimperativesentencesTolearnthedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandreportedspeechTolearnthewaytochangedirectspeechintoreportedspeech語(yǔ)法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語(yǔ)言規(guī)那么和語(yǔ)法規(guī)律。ObservethesentencesfromP2:Onegrocerytellscustomers,‘Youareproudofyourcooking,soshouldn’tyoubuytheveryfreshestfood?’2.Onetoothpasteaddeclares,‘Bright-Teethfightsbadbreath!’3.Thisadstellscustomerstheyaregoodcooks.4.Itneversaysthatthisgroceryhasthefreshestfood！HaveALk5.‘Howfarareyougoing?’thebusconductoraskedPolly.‘KingStreet,’saidPolly.(Module3)‘Whichroaddoyouwant?’heasked.‘Iliveat86KingStreet,’Pollyreplied.(Module3)7.Mymotherkeepstellingmenottotakethepillsbecausetheyaredangerous.Shesayshealthisthemostimportantthing.(Module1)GuessingGametotestyoursenseofobservationtotestyourabilityofshort-termmemorytotestyourabilitytohighlightthelanguagepointsGuessFillintheappropriateword.Onegrocerytellscustomers,‘You_____(be)proudofyourcooking,soshouldn’tyoubuytheveryfreshestfood?’2.Onetoothpastead________(declare),‘Bright-Teethfightsbadbreath!’3.Thisads______(tell)customerstheyaregoodcooks.4.Itneversaysthatthisgrocery_____(have)thefreshestfood！aredeclarestellshas5.‘Howfar______(be)yougoing?’thebusconductoraskedPolly.‘KingStreet,’______(say)Polly.6.‘Whichroaddoyouwant?’heasked.‘I______(live)at86KingStreet,’Pollyreplied.7.Mymotherkeepstellingme__________(take)thepillsbecausetheyaredangerous.Shesayshealth____(be)themostimportantthing.aresaidlivenottotakeisLookatthefollowingsentences:Tom:Whatareyougoingtodothissummerholiday?Amy:IamgoingtotraveltoBeijingwithmyparents.Nowtrytoanswer:WhatdidAmysay?AmysaidthatshewasgoingtotraveltoBeijingwithherparents.

以上我們已經(jīng)通過(guò)歸納總結(jié)和練習(xí)對(duì)本課的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解，下面就讓我們根據(jù)之前練習(xí)的考察情況進(jìn)一步選擇講解該語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)的重難點(diǎn)。directspeechreportedspeech◆Toreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaid◆Thewordsusuallyappearinquotationmarks◆Toreportwhathasbeensaidwithoutusingtheexactwords◆NoquotationmarksHowtochangedirectspeechintoreportedspeechHesaid,‘I’musedtosuchembarrassingcomments.’Hesaidthathewasusedtosuchembarrassingcomments.‘Wemustnotgiveupinthefaceofpressure!’shesaid.Sheencouragedusnottogiveupinthefaceofpressure.1.UseanobjectclauseoraninfinitivephraseHesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthat

he

likeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.Hetoldmethat

he

hadleft

his

bookin

myroom.2.ChangepersonalpronounsIsaidtoher,“Ihavedonemybest.”Itoldherthat

I

haddone

mybest.3.ChangethetensesDirectspeechReportedspeechSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefutureFutureinthepastSimplepastPastperfectDirectspeechReportedspeechPresentcontinuousPastcontinuousPresentperfectPastperfectPastperfectPastperfectChangethefollowingsentencesintoreportedspeech.1.‘Ihaven’tbroughtmydictionary,’thestudentsaid.2.Tomsaidtothem,‘Iwillgetexcited.’3.Myfathersaidtome,‘Iamreadingthebook.’Thestudentsaidthathehadn’tbroughthis

dictionary.Tomtoldthemthathewouldgetexcited.Myfathertoldmethathewasreadingthebook.DirectspeechReportedspeechnowthentodaythatday/yesterday/onSaturday,etc.tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday/onTuesday,etc.yesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousday/onTuesday,etc.nextweektheweekafter/thefollowingweek,lastyeartheyearbefore/thepreviousyear,etc.aweekagoaweekbefore/aweekearlier,etc.4.ChangetheadverbialsoftimeChangethefollowingsentencesintoreportedspeech.1.‘Iwillcomeandseeyouagainnextweek,Tom,’hesaid.2.‘IsawTomlastnight,’shesaid.3.Thedoctorsaidtothepatient,‘Youwillhavetowaittill3pmtomorrow.’HetoldTomthathewould

goandseehimagainthefollowingweek.Shesaidthatshe’d

seen

Tom

thenightbefore.Thedoctortoldthepatientthathewouldhavetowaittill3pmthenext/followingday.DirectspeechReportedspeechthisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtake5.OthercasesShesaid,“I’llcome

hereagaintonight.”Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”Hesaidthathewanted

that.MaysaidtoTom,“I’llbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow.”MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotos

there

tohimthenextday.由直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),以下情況時(shí)態(tài)不變:1.轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容是不變的真理：Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”

→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容指經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”

→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.轉(zhuǎn)述歷史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarIIendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarIIendedin1945.4.局部情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.Howtousereportedspeechtoreport:statementsquestionsimperativesentences陳述句:Usenounclausesintroducedbythattoreportstatements.‘That’canbeomitted.“Idon’tlikecomputers,”

Sarahsaidtoherfriends.SarahsaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.tolddidn’tsheSarahtoldherfriendsthat

she

didn’t

likecomputers.Tedsaid(that)therewasn’tanytroubleandthat

he

waswaitingforhischange.

注意:當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí),僅能省略第一個(gè)that,其余的不能省略。Tedsaid,“Thereisn’tanytroubleandI’mwaitingformychange(零錢(qián))”.Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)They

askedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimif

itwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.2.一般疑問(wèn)句：Usenounclausesintroducedbywhether/iftoreportyes/noquestions.Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouharvestthewheatyouharvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.harvested3.特殊疑問(wèn)句：Usenounclausesintroducedbywh-wordstoreportwh-questions.Toreportimperativesentences,weusethestructure:

reportingverb+object+(not)+to-infinitive‘Don’tworry,Mickey,’Jensaid.

Jenasked

Mickey

not

toworry.*otherverbscanbeusedinthisstructure‘Don’tbelieveeveryadyouread,’Lilysaidtome.LilyadvisedmenottobelieveeveryadIread.reportingverbobject(not)to-infinitiveadviseencourageinviterecommendwarn4.祈使句：直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)陳述句Janesaid,“I’mveryfondoftraveling.”that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling.Timeforreflection直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)一般疑問(wèn)句“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”askedJohn.whether/if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句JohnaskedMaryifthatwasherumbrella.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)特殊疑問(wèn)句“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”askedJohn.wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)祈使句Theofficersaidtohim,“Don’tleaveyourpost.”不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)Let’s開(kāi)頭的祈使句Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.直接引語(yǔ)(變化前)間接引語(yǔ)(變化后)感嘆句Hesaid:“HowhappyIam!”that/what/how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.

Practice:Changethefollowingsentences

intodirectspeech.1.TomsuggestedthatweshouldtranslatethebookintoEnglish.

2.Thestudentexplainedthathereallydidn’tknowhehadtofinishtheworkaweekbefore.3.Theteacherpromisedthathewouldgivehisstudentsafewholidaysattheendofthatmonth.

Tomsaid,‘You’dbettertranslatethebookintoEnglish.’Thestudentsaid,‘Ireallydon’tknowImustfinishtheworkaweekago.’Theteachersaid,‘Iwillgivemystudentsafewholidaysattheendofthismonth.’Practice:Changethefollowingsentences

intoreportedspeech.1.Mymotheraskedme,‘DoyouwanttogototheGreatWallwithme?’2.Theteacheraskedtheboy,‘Howmanypageshaveyoureadtoday?’3.IaskedLiYing,‘Whenandwherewereyouborn?’

MymotheraskedmewhetherIwantedtogototheGreatWallwithher.Theteacheraskedtheboyhowmanypageshehadreadthatday.IaskedLiYingwhenandwherehewasborn.Theteachersaid,‘You’dbetterwearsoftshoes.’Theteacheradvisedustowearsoftshoes.

Theteachersaid,‘Thinkaboutitcarefullybeforeyouanswer.’Theteacheraskedustothinkaboutitcarefullybeforeweanswered.Practice:Changethefollowingsentences

intoreportedspeech.Theteachersaid,

‘Don’tleaveyourhomeworkathome.’Theteacherremindedusnottoleaveourhomeworkathome.

Theteachersaid,‘Don’tworryaboutyourexam.’Theteachertoldusnottoworryaboutourexam.

Mybrother

ordered

meto

gothereatonce.

Myfather

warnedusnotto

throwthewastepapereverywhere.Mybrothersaid,‘Comehereatonce.’Myfathersaidtous,‘Don’tthrowthewastepapereverywhere.’ReadPartAonpage11andpractisereportingquestionsusingwhether/iforwh-words.Answers:2.WangQin__________________________________________________________.3.LuKai_____________________________________________________________.askedhowitcouldhelphimrememberEnglishwords.askedwhether/ifittaughtlistening

andspeaking4.LiuFang__________________________________________________________.5.GuJin___________________________.askedwhatthedesignerwoulddoifshewasnotsatisfiedwiththesoftwareaskedwhether/ifitwaseasytouseReadtheadvertisingtipsonpage11andreporteachofthemtoyourboss.Answers:2.Theexpertencouragesusto_________________________________.3.Theexpertrecommendsthat________________________________.useinteresting

andattractivephotoswe(should)useeye-catchinglogos4.Theexpertsuggeststhat________________________________________.5.Theexperttellsusto___________________________________________.we(should)maketheslogansshortandeasytoremembermakegooduseofcolourstoattractpeople’sattentionIndividualactivity請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊word圖標(biāo)QuizI根據(jù)句型及句意將以下直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，每空一詞。1.

Alice

said,

“I've

just

got

a

letter

from

my

father.”

Alice

said

that

_____

_____just

got

a

letter

from

______

father.

sheherhad2.

Jane

asked

Dick,

“Have

you

finished

writing

the

report?”

Jane

asked

Dick

__________

___

____________

writing

the

report.

whether/ifhefinishedhad3.

“Don’t

grow

plants

in

the

same

place

year

after

year,”the

farmer

said.

The

farmer

_____

me

________

_____

plants

in

the

same

place

yearafter

year.

toldnotgrowto4.

Mr.

Smith

said

to

the

girl,

“I

will

come

here

to

see

you

next

Sunday.”Mr.

Smith

_____

the

girl

that___

_______

___

there

to

see_________

__________

Sunday.

toldhewouldgoherthefollowingB)根據(jù)句型及句意將以下間接引語(yǔ)變

為直接引語(yǔ)，每空一詞。1.

He

told

me

that

a

friend

in

need

is

a

friend

indeed.

He

____

____

me,

“A

friend

in

need___

a

friend

indeed.”

saidisto2.

She

asked

the

students

to

tidy

the

lab.

“______

the

lab,”she

_____

to

the

students.

3.

He

said

that

he

liked

the

film

very

much.

He

said,

“____

_____

the

film

very

much.”

TidysaidIlike4.

She

said

that

she

had

received

aletter

two

days

before.

She

said,“___

_________

aletter

____

_____

____

.”5.

He

asked

me

whether

I

likedblack

tea

or

green

tea.

He

asked

me,

“____

____

_____

black

tea

or

green

tea?”

ItwodaysagoDoyou

like

received1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooked…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayQuizIIChoosethebestanswer.

2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…aweekbeforeC.whathehadheard…aweekagoD.ifheheard…aweekago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewould…thenexttimeD.hewill…nexttime8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackas