上海市2019年高考英語(yǔ)模擬試題7（含解析）

上海市2019年高考英語(yǔ)模擬試題7（含解析）I.ListeningprehensionSectionA(10%)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Awaitress. B.Anactress. C.Apolicewoman. D.Adriver.【答案】C【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。2.A.Inafurniturestore. B.Inarestaurant.C.Atabank. D.Inafactory.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。3.A.Thegoodweathertomorrow. B.Thevacationplan.C.Gettingupearlyinthemorning. D.Thepossibleheavytraffic.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。4.A.100dollars. B.200dollars. C.300dollars. D.400dollars.【答案】A【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。5.A.Sheworksinaverynicerestaurant.B.Restaurantfoodisdirtyandhasmadeherill.C.Herjobinvolvesalotofbusinessdinners.D.Shefeelstiredwhenpreparingmealsathome.【答案】C【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。6.A.Sheisathomenow. B.Sheisatouristthere.C.Shelostherhotelcard. D.Shedoesn’tknowtheman.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。7.A.Heisaskingforleave. B.Heisaskingforreasons.C.Heisquittinghisjob. D.Heisinvestingtimeandmoney.【答案】C【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。8.A.ShewouldratherstayathomelisteningtoCDs.B.ShelikestolistentonewmusicCDs.C.ShewantsthemantobuyCDsforher.D.ShecangetnewmusicCDsforfree.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。9.A.NextTuesday. B.NextWednesday. C.NextThursday. D.NextFriday.【答案】A【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。10.A.China. B.France. C.Italy. D.Japan.【答案】A【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。SectionB(15%)Directions:InSectionB,youwillhearseverallongerconversation(s)andshortpassage(s),andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversation(s)andthepassage(s).Theconversation(s)andthepassage(s)willbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Arentalapartmentusuallyhasakitchenandabathroom.B.Rentalapartmentshavenomorethantwobedrooms.C.Oneroomapartmentsaretoosmalltohaveabathroom.D.Alivingroomisessentialforalltherentalapartments12.A.Accordingtothenumberofbedrooms.B.Thepricesofallhousesorapartmentsarefixed.C.Basedonthelocationandthequality.D.Theownersdecidethepricesthemselves.13.A.Securitydepositisequaltotwomonths’rent.B.Itcostsyouamonth’srenttorepairthedamage.C.Youarerequiredbylawtopayrentforafullyear.D.Youcanrenewtheagreementbyreducingtherent.【答案】11.A12.C13.A【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Bystayingalerttoseesomethinghappeninginnature.B.Bypossessingtwoessentialcharacteristicsofgreatphysicists.C.Bytotallyunderstandingthetrickymakeupoftheworld.D.Bysucceedingintransferringtheskillsintothewidersocialarea.15.A.Hiscontributionshaveadvancedprogressinthesociety.B.Hesuggestedandcreatedmanymodernpowersystems.C.Helaidoutimportantprinciplesinhisscientificworks.D.Hiscontributedtohelpingpeopleevolveandsurvive.16.A.Developtheobservationofnaturalphenomena.B.Helphumankindtosurviveintheworld.C.Driveimportantchangestothesociety.D.Inspiremanyothergreatphysicists.【答案】14.D15.B16.B【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.17.A.Draw. B.Foldpaper. C.Sing. D.Tellstories.18.A.Attheageoffour. B.Attheageoffive.C.Attheageofsix. D.Attheageofseven.【答案】17.B18.B【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.19.A.Hiscollegelifeistooboring.B.Someprinciplesofsciencearetoodifficultforhimtounderstand.C.Studentscan’tquitefollowhisteaching.D.Hecan’tconcentratewhentalkingaboutsomebasics.20.A.Freshmenareusuallyhighlymotivated.B.JaneWhiteteacheschemistryincollege.C.Susanispopularwithherstudents.D.Themanwilltrysomethingnew.【答案】19.C20.D【解析】【原文】此題為聽力題，解析略。II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(10%)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswith,agivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whatisaninsect?Insectsofallkindshaveexistedonearthformillionsofyears.Sometimeswethinkofallinsectsaspests.Humanlife,however,wouldhaveadifficulttimecontinuingwithoutinsects,___21___theypollinateplantsandareafoodsourceformanyanimals.Besides,insects,especiallythesocial___22___，arefascinating.Oneveryinterestingandusefulsocialinsectisthehoneybee.Bees___23___(consider)socialinsectsbecausetheyliveandworktogether.Thebeelivesinabeehivewithotherworkerbees,andwiththequeen,whocanlaythousandsofeggsaday.Theworkerbeesmakewaxused___24___(create)newcellsinsidethehive.Humansusethisvaluablebeeswax___25___candles，cosmetics,expensivefurniturepolish,andotherproducts.Theyalsoproducehoney,avaluablefoodforhumans(aswellasforbees).Anotherfascinatingsocialinsectis___26___ant.Manytypesofantsliveincoloniesunderground.Therethousandsofthembuildandmaintaintheir“city”.Theyalsocooperatetoprovidefood,sometimesinamannerthatlookslikehuman.Forexample,someantsactuallyraisetheirownfood.Onetypeofant“farmer”keepsandcaresfortinyinsectsthatsucksweetsap(汁液)fromplants.Antfarmersmilkthemfromthesap,justlikeactualfarmersmilkcows.Thesapisthengivenasfoodtoyoungantsandtothequeen,___27___maindutyistolayeggs.Anothertypeofantthatproducesitsownfooddoessobygardening.Thesefarmerantstakepiecesofleavesintothecolonyandchewthemup.Thesoft，___28___(chew)upleavesthensprout(涌出)afungusthattheworkerantsusetofeedthequeenandyoungants.Therearemanyotherwaysthatantscooperatetomaintainandprotecttheircolonies.Therearealsomanyotherkindsofsocialinsects.___29___makesthemallsofascinatingistheirorganization.___30___eachinsecthascertaintaskstoperform,theentirehiveorcolonyappearstofunctionasonelivingorganism.【答案】21.because22.ones23.areconsidered24.tocreate25.in26.the27.whose28.chewed29.What30.Although【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。各種各樣的昆蟲在地球上已經(jīng)存在了數(shù)百萬(wàn)年。有時(shí)我們認(rèn)為所有的昆蟲都是害蟲。然而，如果沒有昆蟲，人類的生活將難以繼續(xù)，因?yàn)槔ハx為植物授粉，是許多動(dòng)物的食物來(lái)源。此外，昆蟲，尤其是社會(huì)性的昆蟲，是令人著迷的。文章介紹了蜜蜂和螞蟻兩種社會(huì)性昆蟲的組織結(jié)構(gòu)?！?1題詳解】考查連接詞。句意：然而，如果沒有昆蟲，人類的生活將難以繼續(xù)，因?yàn)槔ハx為植物授粉，是許多動(dòng)物的食物來(lái)源。本句為原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“因?yàn)椤惫侍頱ecause?！?2題詳解】考查代詞。句意：此外，昆蟲，尤其是社會(huì)性的昆蟲，是令人著迷的。此處指代上文insects，表示泛指，且為復(fù)數(shù)，故填ones。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：蜜蜂被認(rèn)為是群居昆蟲，因?yàn)樗鼈兩詈凸ぷ髟谝黄?。本句主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)，且時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，故填areconsidered?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：工蜂用蜂蠟在蜂巢內(nèi)制造新細(xì)胞。本句中create做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表目的，故填不定式tocreate?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：人類在蠟燭、化妝品、昂貴的家具上光劑和其他產(chǎn)品中使用這種珍貴的蜂蠟。根據(jù)句意可知表示“在……之中”應(yīng)填介詞in?！?6題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：另一種有趣的社會(huì)性昆蟲是螞蟻。ant為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示特指“螞蟻”這種社會(huì)性昆蟲，故填定冠詞the?！?7題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句連接詞。句意：然后汁液被作為食物喂給年輕的螞蟻和蟻后，蟻后的主要職責(zé)是產(chǎn)卵。本句為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞thequeen，且先行詞在從句中做定語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系代詞whose?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這些柔軟的、被咀嚼過的葉子會(huì)長(zhǎng)出一種真菌，工蟻用它來(lái)喂養(yǎng)蟻后和幼蟻。本句中chew做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)leaves構(gòu)成被動(dòng)，故用過去分詞chewed?！?9題詳解】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：讓他們?nèi)绱嗣匀说氖撬麄兊慕M織。本句為主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指事物，故填What?！?0題詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞。句意：盡管每只昆蟲都有特定的任務(wù)要完成，但整個(gè)蜂房或蜂群似乎是一個(gè)活的有機(jī)體。本句為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“雖然；盡管”且位于句首，故填A(yù)lthough?！军c(diǎn)睛】名詞性從句關(guān)鍵在于三點(diǎn)：一、找準(zhǔn)從句在主句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞旨捶殖鍪敲~性從句的主語(yǔ)句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句。二、連接詞從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑ㄖ鳌①e、定或狀語(yǔ)或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每個(gè)連接詞的意義。此外還要注意，近年來(lái)高考對(duì)于名詞性從句的考查多從名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序和連接詞的用法區(qū)別上考查。如第九小題，考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：讓他們?nèi)绱嗣匀说氖撬麄兊慕M織。本句為主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指事物，故填What。SectionB(10%)Directions:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.imbalanceB.cultivatingC.motivationD.criticizeE.qualityF.fullyG.definiteH.significantlyI.geneticJ.lackedK.strengthenSomepersonalcharacteristicsplayavitalroleinthedevelopmentofone’sintelligence.Aftera30yearfollowupstudyof8,000males,Americanpsychologistsfoundoutthatthemaincauseofdisparitiesinintelligenceisnotintelligenceitself,butnonintelligencefactors.Thesocalled“nonintelligencefactors”includeone’sfeelings,will,___31___,interestsandhabits.Thoughpeopleallknowthatoneshouldhave___32___objectives,astrongwillandgoodlearninghabits,quiteanumberofteachersandparentsdon’tpaymuchattentionto___33___thesefactors.Someparentsaregreatlyworriedwhentheirchildrenfailtodowellintheirstudies.Theyblameeither___34___factors,malnutrition,orlaziness,buttheynevertakeintoconsiderationthesenonintelligencefactors.Atthesametime,someteachersdon’tinquireintotheseasreasonswhystudentsdopoorly.Theysimplygivethemmorecoursesandexercises,oreven___35___orlaughatthem.Afterall,thesestudentsloseselfconfidence.Someofthemjustfeeldefeatedandgivethemselvesupashopeless.Othersmaygoastraybecausetheyaresickoflearning.Aninvestigationofmorethan1，000middleschoolstudentsinShanghaishowedthat46.5percentofthemwereafraidoflearningbecauseofexaminationand36.4percent___36___persistence,initiativeandconscientiousness.Itisclearthatthelackofcultivationofnonintelligencefactorshasbeenamainobstacletointelligencedevelopmentinteenagers.Itevencausesa(n)___37___betweenphysiologicalandpsychologicaldevelopmentamongafewstudents.Ifwedon'tstartnowto___38___thecultivationofnonintelligencefactors,itwillnotonlyobstructthedevelopmentoftheintelligenceofteenagers,butalsoaffectthe___39___ofawholegeneration.Someexpertshaveputforwardsuggestionsabouthowtocultivatestudents’nonintelligencefactors.First,parentsandteachersshould___40___understandteenagepsychology.Onthisbasic,theycanhelpthemtopursuetheobjectivesoflearning,excitingtheirinterestsandtougheningtheirwillpower.【答案】31.C32.G33.B34.I35.D36.J37.A38.K39.E40.F【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文說明了非智力因素對(duì)人們的影響。研究表明,非智力因素的缺乏培養(yǎng)已經(jīng)成為青少年智力發(fā)展的主要障礙。它甚至在少數(shù)學(xué)生中造成生理和心理發(fā)展的不平衡。如果加強(qiáng)非智力因素的培養(yǎng)，不僅會(huì)阻礙青少年智力的發(fā)展，還會(huì)影響整個(gè)一代人的素質(zhì)。一些專家提出了建議家長(zhǎng)和老師應(yīng)該充分了解青少年的心理。在此基礎(chǔ)上，他們可以幫助他們追求學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo)，激發(fā)他們的興趣，磨練他們的意志力?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：所謂的“非智力因素”包括一個(gè)人的情感、意志、動(dòng)機(jī)、興趣和習(xí)慣。根據(jù)句意可知表示“動(dòng)機(jī)”應(yīng)填名詞motivation。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：雖然人們都知道，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該有明確的目標(biāo)，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志和良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，相當(dāng)多的老師和家長(zhǎng)不重視培養(yǎng)這些因素。根據(jù)句意修飾名詞objectives應(yīng)用形容詞definite“明確的；一定的”，故選G?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然人們都知道，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該有明確的目標(biāo)，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志和良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，相當(dāng)多的老師和家長(zhǎng)不重視培養(yǎng)這些因素。to為介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，表示“培養(yǎng)”，故填cultivating。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他們將其歸咎于基因因素、營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良或懶惰，但他們從未考慮過這些非智力因素。根據(jù)句意修飾名詞factors應(yīng)用形容詞genetic，表示“基因的”，故選I?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他們只是給他們更多的課程和練習(xí)，甚至批評(píng)或嘲笑他們。根據(jù)下文laughatthem可知是批評(píng)或嘲諷，故填criticize“批評(píng)”，故選D。【36題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：一項(xiàng)對(duì)上海1000多名中學(xué)生的調(diào)查顯示，46.5%的中學(xué)生因考試而害怕學(xué)習(xí)，36.4%的中學(xué)生缺乏毅力、主動(dòng)性和自覺性。根據(jù)句意可知表示“缺乏”，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故填lacked。故選J。【37題詳解】考查名詞。句意：它甚至在少數(shù)學(xué)生中造成生理和心理發(fā)展的不平衡。根據(jù)上文an可知填名詞imbalance，表示“不平衡”，故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：如果我們現(xiàn)在不開始加強(qiáng)非智力因素的培養(yǎng)，不僅會(huì)阻礙青少年智力的發(fā)展，還會(huì)影響整個(gè)一代人的素質(zhì)。根據(jù)句意可知表示“鞏固；加強(qiáng)”應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞strengthen。故選K。【39題詳解】考查名詞。句意：如果我們現(xiàn)在不開始加強(qiáng)非智力因素的培養(yǎng)，不僅會(huì)阻礙青少年智力的發(fā)展，還會(huì)影響整個(gè)一代人的素質(zhì)。根據(jù)句意可知表示“素質(zhì)”應(yīng)填名詞quality。故選E。【40題詳解】考查副詞。句意：首先，家長(zhǎng)和老師應(yīng)該充分了解青少年的心理。修飾動(dòng)詞understand應(yīng)用副詞，且表示“充分地；完全地”故填fully。故選F。III.ReadingprehensionSectionA(15%)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblank"withthewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaysthatover50,000peopleeveryyearsustainsomesortofwinterrelatedbackinjury，and5，800ofthoseareholidaydecorating___41___.Theseachesandpainscan___42___bringtroubletopeople’slife.Itissaidthatpeople’sbackcouldsustainallsortsofstrainfromcarryingheavy___43___，andfromtheincreasedstressofluggingsuitcases,decorationsandgifts.Dr.AlannaLevinespoketoDebbyeTurnerBellon“TheEarlyShow”abouthowto___44___thebackfortheholidayseason.Thefirst___45___Dr.Levinegavewasaboutcarryingheavyshoppingbags.Smallerbags,shesaid,arebetter.“Youdon’twanttoloadeverythingupintoonebagandlugitaround,”Dr.Levineexplained.“Youwantto___46___theweightonyourbody.”Shealso___47___puttingheavieritemstowardsthebottominthosebagsandlighteritemsontop.Also,ifyoucan,makefrequenttripstothecartodrop___48___purchases.___49___canbeanotherpainintheback—fromcarryingheavyluggage.Again,Dr.Levine___50___nottopackeverythingintoonebag.Eventhoughitmaycostmore,shesaidthatpackingtwosmallerbagsissaferthanpackingaheavyone.Also,choosealightweightbag,sothattheonlyweightyou’recarryingisthe___51___insidethesuitcase.Whenunloadingbagsfromanairportbaggageclaim,Dr.Levinesuggestedstanding___52___tothecarousel(圓盤傳送帶)andbendingyourkneestoliftitup.“Youwanttoavoidthatreachandlift.Itputsa(n)___53___onyourlowerback,”shesaid.Whenit___54___holidaydecorating,peopletakemore___55___.Dr.Levinesuggesteddecoratinginpairs,sothatonepersoncanhandthelightsandornamentstotheotherpersontohang,thusavoidingreachingortwistingtogetwhatyouneed.41.A.kept B.stayed C.related D.connected42.A.necessarily B.undoubtedly C.vitally D.blindly43.A.products B.purchases C.tools D.cases44.A.provide B.prevent C.preserve D.protect45.A.tip B.way C.method D.step46.A.display B.distribute C.distract D.discuss47.A.refused B.recognized C.rejected D.remended48.A.on B.in C.off D.out49.A.Travel B.Housework C.Task D.Labor50.A.considered B.thought C.wished D.stressed51.A.contracts B.contests C.contents D.contexts52.A.separately B.close C.apart D.far53.A.burden B.impression C.pressure D.focus54.A.seemsto B.goesto C.speaksto D.esto55.A.time B.risks C.efforts D.effect【答案】41.C42.B43.B44.D45.A46.B47.D48.C49.A50.D51.C52.B53.A54.D55.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心表示，每年有超過5萬(wàn)人遭受某種與冬季有關(guān)的背部損傷，其中5800人與節(jié)日裝飾有關(guān)。這些病痛無(wú)疑會(huì)給人們的生活帶來(lái)麻煩。因此AlannaLevine博士在“TheEarlyShow”節(jié)目中向DebbyeTurnerBell講述了如何在假期保護(hù)背部的方法建議?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心表示，每年有超過5萬(wàn)人遭受某種與冬季有關(guān)的背部損傷，其中5800人與節(jié)日裝飾有關(guān)。A.kept保持；B.stayed停留；C.related有關(guān)；D.connected連接。根據(jù)句意表示“與……有關(guān)”故選C。【42題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這些病痛無(wú)疑會(huì)給人們的生活帶來(lái)麻煩。A.necessarily必要地；B.undoubtedly確實(shí)地；無(wú)疑；C.vitally極其；D.blindly盲目地。病痛肯定會(huì)給人們帶來(lái)麻煩。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)說，人們的背部承受著各種各樣的壓力，包括搬運(yùn)沉重的物品，以及不斷增加的拖箱子、裝飾品和禮物的壓力。A.products產(chǎn)品；B.purchases所購(gòu)物；物品；C.tools工具；D.cases情況。根據(jù)下文luggingsuitcases,decorationsandgifts可知都是購(gòu)買的物品，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：AlannaLevine博士在“TheEarlyShow”節(jié)目中向DebbyeTurnerBell講述了如何在假期保護(hù)背部。A.provide提供；B.prevent阻止；C.preserve保存；D.protect保護(hù)。根據(jù)下文theback可知是保護(hù)背部，故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Levine博士給出的第一個(gè)建議是提沉重的購(gòu)物袋。A.tip建議；B.way道路；C.method方法；D.step腳步。根據(jù)下文可知是給出的建議。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：萊文博士解釋說:“你不會(huì)想把所有東西都裝進(jìn)一個(gè)袋子，然后拖來(lái)拖去?！薄澳阆氚阎亓糠峙涞侥愕纳眢w上?！盇.display展示；B.distribute分配；C.distract分心；D.discuss討論。根據(jù)下文puttingheavieritemstowardsthebottominthosebagsandlighteritemsontop可知是在分配物品的重量。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她還建議將較重的物品放在包的底部，將較輕的物品放在頂部。A.refused拒絕；B.recognized認(rèn)識(shí)；C.rejected不同意；D.remended推薦；建議。根據(jù)上文可知是在提出建議，故選D。【48題詳解】考查介詞搭配。句意：此外，如果可以的話，經(jīng)常開車來(lái)減少東西。A.on在上面；B.in在里面；C.off脫離；D.out向外。短語(yǔ)dropoff“減少”。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：旅行可能是另一種搬運(yùn)沉重行李造成的背部疼痛。A.Travel旅行；B.Housework家務(wù)勞動(dòng)；C.Task任務(wù)；D.Labor勞動(dòng)。根據(jù)下文luggage可知是旅行。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：萊文博士再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，不要把所有東西都裝在一個(gè)袋子里。A.considered考慮；B.thought認(rèn)為；C.wished希望；D.stressed強(qiáng)調(diào)。根據(jù)句意可知選D。【51題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：另外，選擇一個(gè)輕便的包，這樣你攜帶的唯一重量就是行李箱里的東西。A.contracts合同；B.contests競(jìng)賽；C.contents目錄；東西；D.contexts上下文語(yǔ)境。本句中content表示“東西；物品”。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：萊文博士建議，在機(jī)場(chǎng)行李提取處取行李時(shí)，站在傳送帶附近，彎曲膝蓋把行李抬起來(lái)。A.separately分別地；B.close緊密地；靠近地；C.apart與眾不同地；D.far遠(yuǎn)地。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“站的離傳送帶近一些”，故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你想要避免那種觸手可及的感覺。它給你的下背部增加了負(fù)擔(dān)。A.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；B.impression印象；C.pressure壓力；D.focus中心。減少背部疼痛就是不能給背部增加負(fù)擔(dān)，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：說到節(jié)日裝飾，人們會(huì)冒更多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。A.seemsto似乎；B.goesto到；C.speaksto對(duì)……說話；D.esto說起；想起。固定短語(yǔ)whenitesto…“當(dāng)說到……”。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：說到節(jié)日裝飾，人們會(huì)冒更多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。A.time時(shí)間；B.risks風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；C.efforts努力；D.effect影響。根據(jù)上文winterrelatedbackinjury,and5800ofthoseareholidaydecoratingrelated.可知許多背部受傷都是和節(jié)日裝飾有關(guān)，因此人們?cè)诠?jié)日裝飾時(shí)要冒更多的背部受傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選B。【點(diǎn)睛】完形填空故事類短文閱讀是記敘文體的一種，主要描寫一個(gè)故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等要素。其特點(diǎn)是以時(shí)間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，空間或邏輯線索貫穿文章始終，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強(qiáng)。解這類時(shí)要注意：1.掌握幾種邏輯關(guān)系詞考生在做這類題目是一定要很好地把握上下文邏輯關(guān)系，掌握常見的幾種表示轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、條件、因果、并列等邏輯關(guān)系的詞，再根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷出最佳答案。2.準(zhǔn)確把握邏輯關(guān)系考生在做題過程中需要留意上下文，正確把握上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。邏輯關(guān)系涉及時(shí)間、條件、原因、轉(zhuǎn)折等幾個(gè)方面。正確理解文章的內(nèi)容并把握邏輯關(guān)系有助于考生準(zhǔn)確地解答試題。如第15小題，根據(jù)上文winterrelatedbackinjury,and5800ofthoseareholidaydecoratingrelated.可知許多背部受傷都是和節(jié)日裝飾有關(guān)，因此人們?cè)诠?jié)日裝飾時(shí)要冒更多背部受傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選B。3.仔細(xì)體會(huì)作者的思想情感在解題過程中，考生要仔細(xì)體會(huì)作者所要表達(dá)的思想情感，不能按自己的想法去揣測(cè)文章中人物的心理活動(dòng)。SectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)OneofthemanyinterestingfeaturesofAmericansocietyistheprestigegrantedtobusinessinstitutions.Theirstatusisarguablygreaterthanthatofanyotherkindoforganizationincluding,orperhapsespecially,thegovernment.WhatexactlyisitaboutAmericansthatmakesthemplacebusinessonsuchahighsociallevelandadmirethesuccessfulbusinesspersonsoopenly?OnepossibleexplanationcouldbethatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheconceptofpetitionthanotherinstitutionsintheirsociety.Fairandopenpetitionisanideallongcherished,onecouldevensaydeeprootedinAmericanpoliticalandeconomiclife.Itisseenasthesourceofprogress,prosperityandopportunity.Infact,intheAmericanpsyche,theimportanceoffreepetitiongoesevendeeperthanthat；freepetitionisthemeansbywhichotherdefiningvaluessuchasdemocracyandindividuallibertyareachievedandensured.InAmericaneyes,petitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower,eithereconomicorpolitical.Asinpolitics,wherethegovernmentisdividedintobranches,eachwithpowersthatoffsetthoseoftheothers,businessespeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theideabeingthatifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetopetitorswhotreattheircustomersmorefairly.Intheory,wheremanybusinessespeteforthecustomers'dollars，theinterestsoftheconsumerwillbeparamount.petitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheAmericanidealofequalityofopportunity.Itisseenasanopenandbeneficialcontestwheresuccessgoestothefittest；tothosemostdeservingofit.petitivesuccessismonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedoninheritedstatus.InAmerica,acplishmentinbusinessandtheaccumulationofwealthandpowertherebyisviewedinthesamelightasanaristocraticancestryoncewasintheOldWorld.56.Accordingtothepassage,businessachievementinAmerica__________.A.islosingtherespectofthesocietyB.hasalwaysbeenhighlyregardedC.issecondonlytopublicserviceinsocialstatusD.hasbeenvieweddifferentlyovertheyears57..IntheAmericanview,whobenefitsfrombusinesspetition?A.Thewealthy. B.Thegovernment.C.Thedishonestbusinessman. D.Thesocietyasawhole.58.Governmentandbusinessaresaidtobesimilarforwhatreason?A.Bothareconsidereduntrustworthy. B.Bothprimarilybenefitthewealthy.C.Botharebasedonpetition. D.Bothhaveamonopolyonpower.59.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutwhatAmericansbelieve?A.petitionisgenerallyfair.B.petitionshouldbelimitedtobusiness.C.petitionshouldberegulatedbythegovernment.D.petitiondoesnotbenefitthepoor.【答案】56.B57.D58.C59.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。描述了美國(guó)社會(huì)賦予商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的聲望，美國(guó)人把商業(yè)放在如此高的社會(huì)地位，如此公開地欽佩成功的商人。其原因是商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)被視為整個(gè)社會(huì)進(jìn)步、繁榮和機(jī)遇的源泉。并且政府和企業(yè)相似也是因?yàn)閮烧叨蓟诟?jìng)爭(zhēng)。商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也被認(rèn)為強(qiáng)化了美國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)平等的理想。它被視為一場(chǎng)開放而有益的競(jìng)賽，成功屬于適者生存;獻(xiàn)給那些最值得的人?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中OneofthemanyinterestingfeaturesofAmericansocietyistheprestigegrantedtobusinessinstitutions.Theirstatusisarguablygreaterthanthatofanyotherkindoforganizationincluding,orperhapsespecially,thegovernment.（美國(guó)社會(huì)的許多有趣特征之一，就是賦予商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的聲望。他們的地位可以說比任何其他類型的組織都高，尤其包括政府。）可知商業(yè)成就在美國(guó)一直被高度重視。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Itisseenasthesourceofprogress,prosperityandopportunity.Infact,intheAmericanpsyche,theimportanceoffreepetitiongoesevendeeperthanthat;freepetitionisthemeansbywhichotherdefiningvaluessuchasdemocracyandindividuallibertyareachievedandensured.（它被視為進(jìn)步、繁榮和機(jī)遇的源泉。事實(shí)上，在美國(guó)人的心理中，自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的重要性遠(yuǎn)不止于此;自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是實(shí)現(xiàn)和確保民主和個(gè)人自由等其他確定價(jià)值的手段。）可知商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)被認(rèn)為是社會(huì)進(jìn)步、繁榮和機(jī)遇的源泉，因此可推斷整個(gè)社會(huì)會(huì)從商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中受益。故選D?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段第二句Asinpolitics,wherethegovernmentisdividedintobranches,eachwithpowersthatoffsetthoseoftheothers,businessespeteagainsteachotherforprofits.（就像在政治領(lǐng)域，政府被劃分為多個(gè)分支機(jī)構(gòu)，每個(gè)分支機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)力與其他分支機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)力相抵消，企業(yè)之間為了利潤(rùn)而相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）可知政府和企業(yè)相似是因?yàn)閮烧叨蓟诟?jìng)爭(zhēng)。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Fairandopenpetitionisanideallongcherished,onecouldevensaydeeprootedinAmericanpoliticalandeconomiclife.（公平、公開的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是一種長(zhǎng)期珍視的理想，甚至可以說深深植根于美國(guó)政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)生活之中。）可推斷出美國(guó)人信仰競(jìng)爭(zhēng)一般是公平的。故選A。(B)To:DavidRodgersFrom:MavisChenSubject:gettingbackouroldsubscribersSincethemarketingmeetingyesterday,itoccurredtomethatwemightbeignoringonepotentiallyimportantsourceofsubscribers.WehavefocusedsointentlyonhowtoexpandtheappealofourproducttogroupsthathaveneveruseditbeforethatI’mafraidwemayhaveoverlookedtheobvious；wemayhaveforgottenthatthereisawholegroupofinterestedpeoplewhohaveuseditandstoppedforonereasonoranother.Thistargetgrouphasparticularlygoodpotentialbecauseitconsistsofreaderswhohavedemonstratedinterestinthesubjectmatterwepresent.Theirinterestisnotsomethingwehavetoworktostimulate.Isuggestthatmakingamaximumefforttowinthesereadersbackwillbemoreeffectiveonapercentagebasisthanpursuingsomeoftheothergroupswe’veidentified.Sincethesereadersquitusingourproductonce,theyweremostlikelydissatisfiedwithsomeaspectofourpresentationorourpricing.Ournewproductwillbevastlyimprovedovertheoldversionandispricedmorepetitively.Weneedtodoeverythingpossibletogetthosepointsacross,perhapsbysendingthemafreeissueandbyaskingfortheiropinionsonhowwemightimproveitevenfurther.Thiscouldbeintheformofaveryshortsurvey,eitherincludedwiththefreeissueoraccessibleonline.Ifyouthinkthisideahasmeritandmightbewillingtoauthorizeit,let’sdiscussitfurtherwhenyou’vegotafewspareminutes.IhavearoughdraftofthesurveyquestionsIcouldshowyou.60.Whatkindofproductisthewriterreferringtointhememo?A.Awebbasedinformationservice. B.Amagazine.C.Aconsultingservice. D.putersoftware.61.Whyisthewriterconfidentthattheycanwinbacktheiroldcustomers?A.Theirproducthasnopetition.B.Theirproducthaschangeddramatically.C.TheyhavereducedthepriceoftheirproductD.Theneedfortheirproducthasincreased.62.Whatdoesthewriterwanttodo?A.Startherplanimmediately. B.Waitforinputfromthesurvey.C.GetMr.Rodgers’approval. D.Presentherideainthenextmeeting.【答案】60.B61.B62.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。這是一封MavisChen寫給DavidRodgers先生關(guān)于改進(jìn)雜志以贏得老客戶的電子郵件?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Thistargetgrouphasparticularlygoodpotentialbecauseitconsistsofreaderswhohavedemonstratedinterestinthesubjectmatterwepresent.（這個(gè)目標(biāo)群體具有特別好的潛力，因?yàn)樗蓪?duì)我們提出的主題表現(xiàn)出興趣的讀者組成。）中reader“讀者”可知作者在備忘錄中提到的產(chǎn)品是一本雜志。故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Ournewproductwillbevastlyimprovedovertheoldversionandispricedmorepetitively.（我們的新產(chǎn)品將比舊產(chǎn)品有很大的改進(jìn)，價(jià)格也更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。）可知作者相信他們能贏回老客戶是因?yàn)樗麄兊漠a(chǎn)品發(fā)生了巨大的變化。故選B?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Ifyouthinkthisideahasmeritandmightbewillingtoauthorizeit,let’sdiscussitfurtherwhenyou’vegotafewspareminutes.（如果您認(rèn)為這個(gè)想法有價(jià)值，并且可能愿意批準(zhǔn)它，那么當(dāng)您有幾分鐘空閑時(shí)間時(shí)，讓我們進(jìn)一步討論它。）可知作者希望得到收件人Rodgers先生的批準(zhǔn)。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題的解題思路：細(xì)節(jié)理解題就是我們常見的wh題，它們大多是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實(shí)、例證、原因、過程、論述等進(jìn)行提問的。抓住文段中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其它類型問題的基礎(chǔ)。該題型幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息，或是其變體。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細(xì)節(jié)，做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問題和選項(xiàng)有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比，找出答案。例如小題1，根據(jù)第二段第一句Thistargetgrouphasparticularlygoodpotentialbecauseitconsistsofreaderswhohavedemonstratedinterestinthesubjectmatterwepresent.（這個(gè)目標(biāo)群體具有特別好的潛力，因?yàn)樗蓪?duì)我們提出的主題表現(xiàn)出興趣的讀者組成。）中reader“讀者”可知作者在備忘錄中提到的產(chǎn)品是一本雜志。故選B。(C)Intheworldofentertainment,TVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachonevariesinstyleandformat.Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows.JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“trashtalk”.Thetopicsonhisshowareasshockingasshockingcanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheevermontalkshowthemesoflove,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflictandmoralitytoadifferentlevel.Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsociety’smoralcatastrophes,yetpeoplearewillingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicamentsofotherpeople’slives.LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitsextreme,butOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Theshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual’squalityoflife.Topicsrangefromteachingyourchildrenresponsibility,managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneighbors.paredtoOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingdumpedonsociety.Jerryendseveryshowwitha“finalword”.Hemakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheentiremoraloftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable.Cleanasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow’smaintargetaudiencesaremiddleclassAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetime，money,andstabilitytodealwithlife’stougherproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,hasmoreofanassociationwiththeyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18to21yearoldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinvolvelove,relationship,sex，moneyandpeers.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobelearnedunderneaththeshow’sexploitation.Whilethetwoshowsareasdifferentasnighta