表語從句詳解

表語從句詳解一、概念表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句.放在系動(dòng)詞之后,一般結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+系動(dòng)詞+系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等.可以接表語從句的系動(dòng)詞有：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smellstand,lie,remain,keep,staybecome,get,grow,turn,go,come,run, fallprove,turnoutThetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困難是我們資金短缺.ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields. .Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.當(dāng)時(shí),我似乎怎么也想不出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞：從屬連詞that、whether、asthough、asif（That引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，在口語中，間或可以省略.）關(guān)系代詞who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等.由從屬連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句.that在引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)無詞義，而whether.這時(shí)主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問題trouble(麻煩問題結(jié)果可能性建議想法理由等.表語從句對(duì)例如：Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.麻煩的事是他丟了錢.Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋.Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了.Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons. .由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句.關(guān)系代詞who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關(guān)系代詞不能省略.例如：Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.問題是我們哪一個(gè)應(yīng)該去.Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.問題是誰能做這項(xiàng)工作.That'swhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在擔(dān)心的事.That'swhatweshoulddo.那是我們應(yīng)該做的.由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句.關(guān)系副詞when,where,how,why除在句子起連接作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式或原因狀語，本身具有義.例如andgetyourcoat.It's whereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿就在你原來放的地.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’s whyIgotwetthrough..Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.那就是他所擔(dān)心的.由連詞because，asif/asthough等引導(dǎo)的表語從句.Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起來好像要下雪了.That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.這是因?yàn)槲覀儚奈聪脒^此事.Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowe.注意.False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel. Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.不可以用if，而用whether(asif例外引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換if/whether位于介詞后要用whether位于句首時(shí)要用whether.引導(dǎo)表語從句，主語從句，同位語從句時(shí)要用whether.False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:ThequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsRight:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.that.基本用法名詞性從句在be例如：Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.問題是我們?cè)鯓幽芘轿覀冃枰臇|西.(how在表語從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語)ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed..(what)WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay..(what,that)ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的.(what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語)Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam..(why)WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告訴他的是我會(huì)給他找個(gè)好劇本.(what在主語從句中作直接賓語,that作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,不能省略)ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的.(what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語)Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考試不及格的原因.(why在表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語)注意Thatis是常用句型,因此??,why,,又如：Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.珍妮,這就是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因.(前文提到Jeanne,).ThatiswhyIcame.這就是我來的原因.下面是兩個(gè)與Thatiswhy...形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu),它們與Thatiswhy...結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚：ThatisThatisthereason同義,,Thatisthereasonwhy引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定,將其中的thereason去掉則與Thatis,例如：Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.這就是我不能同意的理由.Thatisbecause...句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語,這也是個(gè)常用句型,意為這就是為什么??/因?yàn)??.Thatisbecause...ThatisThatisbecause...,Thatis則指由于各種原因,例如：Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影,那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè).(第一句話說明結(jié)果,第二句話說明原因)Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看過那部電影,因此他昨天晚上沒有去看.(第一句話說明原因,第二句話說明結(jié)果)表語從句與賓語從句的關(guān)系賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句.其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同..賓語從句對(duì)于賓語從句要掌握以下三點(diǎn)①語序:從句的語序必須是陳述句語序,即主語+謂語這種形式.②時(shí)態(tài):當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài),而當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句,從句時(shí)態(tài)必須是過去時(shí)范圍的時(shí)態(tài),即(一般過去時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去完成時(shí),過去將來時(shí)).③連接詞:當(dāng)從句意思完整,主句意思肯定時(shí),連接詞用that,且可以省去,當(dāng)從句意思完整,主句意思不確定或含否定含意時(shí),常用if或whether(是否),當(dāng)從句意思不完整時(shí),連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞.表語從句..如：Whatthepolicewanttoknowiswhenyouenteredredtheroom警察想知道的是你什么時(shí)候進(jìn)的房.Thetroubleisthatweareshortoffunds困難是我們?nèi)狈Y. Thisiswhatweshoulddo這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做.注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序，即陳述語.asif,asthough,because也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從.Sheseemsasifshehaddoneagreatthing她看起來好像做了一件大事.Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch是因?yàn)槟愠缘锰嗔?單項(xiàng)選擇1.Thequestionis wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek. A.that B.if C.when D.whether2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis hewastoocareless. A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s youleftit A.where B.thereC.therewhereD.wherethereTheproblemis totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanweget B.whatwecanget C.whowecanget D.thatwecangetWhatIwanttoknowis helikesthegiftgivenbyus. A.that B.if C.whether D.不填Thereasonis Imissedthebus. A.that B.when C.why D.whatThatis wewerelatelasttime. A.that B.when C.why D.whatShelooked sheweretenyearsyounger. A.that B.like C.as D.asthough—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis youaredoingtoomuch. A.why B.when C.what D.becauseThereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis .A.becausehismotherisill B.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisill D.forhismotherisill—Hewasbornhere.--Thatis helikestheplacesomuch. A.that B.what C.why D.12.Thatis LuXunoncelived. A.what B.where C.that D.why yourfatherwantstoknowis gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyou B.That；howyouare C.How；thatyouare D.What；howyouareThetroubleis weareshortoftools. A.what B.that C.how D.whythatAmericawas wasfirstcalledIndiabyColumbus.A.what B.where C.theplace D.therewhereChinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger. Itisnolonger .A.whatitusedtobe B.whatitwasusedtobeing C.whatitusedtobeing D.whatitwasusedtobe hereallymeansis hedisagreeswithus.A.What…that B.That…what C.What …what D.That…whatTheenergyis makesthecellsabletodotheirwork. A.thatB.whichC.whatD.19—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastthat youhadafewdaysA.why B.what C.when D.where20.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereason B.That’swhy C.There’swhy D.It’showSeetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas wedidthismorning. A.when B.which C.whereD.what---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame? ---Oh,that’s .A.whatmakesmefeelexcited B.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutit D.whenIfeelexcitedWhatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut hesaidit.A.theway B.inthewaythat C.intheway D.thewaywhich句子翻譯這就是我想做的 這房子正是他最需要的東. 這就是Henry怎樣解決問題的 4.問題是誰能完成這項(xiàng)困難的任務(wù) 5.今天討論的話題是未來的學(xué)校會(huì)是怎樣的 6.他遲到的原因是交通擁. 事實(shí)是他對(duì)我撒謊. Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis .(disagree)你一直說每個(gè)人應(yīng)該是平等的這就是我不同意之處.Yourcoatisstill .(where).10.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.Thatis through.(get)Itsounds thedoor.(as.Itseems interestedinHenry.(become)好像倫敦所有人都變得對(duì)亨瑞感興.13.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas theWaterPark.(visit)上一次我們玩得很開心的時(shí)候是我們正在參觀水族公園的時(shí).that/what的區(qū)別 yourfatherwantstoknowis gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyou B.youare C.How；thatyouare D.youareThetroubleis weareshortoftools.A.what B.that C.how D.whythatAmericawas wasfirstcalledIndiabyColumbus.A.what B.where C.theplace D.therewhereChinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger .whatitusedtobe B.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeing D.whatitwasusedtobe hereallymeansis hedisagreeswithus.What…that B.That…whatC.What…what D.That…whatTheenergyis makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such系動(dòng)詞分類：一、根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞后所跟結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以把英語系動(dòng)詞分為兩大類：完全系動(dòng)詞（其后只能跟表語的動(dòng)詞，如be,和半系動(dòng)詞（其后既可跟表語作系動(dòng)詞用法，也可跟賓語或狀語作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，如look）例如：1）Helookedsadlyatthe看著，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用) Helooksacleverboy看起來，系動(dòng)詞用法）2）Helooksataclever看著，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法）在英語中，某一動(dòng)詞是多義詞，既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法，又有系動(dòng)詞用法.二、根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞的意義，我們把英語系動(dòng)詞分為四類：五大感官系動(dòng)詞B．狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞C．動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞D.由實(shí)義感官動(dòng)詞變化而來，都是半系動(dòng)詞.look看起來像是，后接adj.n..Thegirlbitherlipsandlookedthoughtful.這位女孩咬著嘴唇，看上去若有所思.smell聞起來，后接adj.分詞.Theflowerssmellsweet.這些花氣味真.3．sound聽起來，后接adj.\分詞. Themusicsounds這首詩聽起來真悅4．taste嘗起來，后接adj.\分詞.Theapplestasteverygood.這些蘋果很好.5．Feel①摸起來，給……感覺；②覺得，后接adj./p.p.Youwillfeelbetterafteranight’ssleep.睡上一晚，你會(huì)覺得好些.狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：be，是，屬完全系動(dòng). Iamastudent.我是一個(gè)學(xué).seem,.Theyseemquitehappy...Itappeared(tobe)atrue.keep,保持……的狀態(tài)，半系動(dòng)詞，后接adj或介詞短. bettergotobedandkeepwarm.你最好躺在床上暖和一.remain,仍是，半系動(dòng). Iremainedsilent.我仍然緘.stay保持（某種狀態(tài)，半系動(dòng)詞，后接adj.Thewindowstayedopenallthe7.prove證明是，半系動(dòng)詞，后接adj.\n.Thetreatmentprovedtobesuccessful.這種療法證明是成功的.C．動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：都屬于半系動(dòng)詞，描述狀態(tài)變化過程.getThedaysaregettinglongerandlonger..fall進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)，成為，后常接以下形容詞：asleep,lame,silent,ill,sick,flat.Theoldmen,unabletoexpresshimself,fellsilent.Myfatherfellillanddied..3．grow漸漸變得……起來，長(zhǎng)得It’sgrowingwarm..turn轉(zhuǎn)變成（新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質(zhì)，變質(zhì)（色.Mapletreesturnredinautumn..Itwascloudythismorning,butfortunatelyithasturnedfine..go，變成（某種壞的狀態(tài)）Thetelephonehasgonedead.Thematerialhasgoneafunnycolour..go之后常接的adj.還有：bad,blind,wild,wrong,sour,hard,hungry,mad,red,with,anger,white,pale,blue,grey.6．become變成，成為（好壞均可的情況）Ibecameinterestedindrawing.我開始對(duì)素描感興趣. Hebecameangrywithme.他對(duì)我生氣Theybecamegoodfriends.他們成了好朋.7．com，變成為（已知的狀態(tài)，證實(shí)為，后常接形容詞或前綴unHiswishtobecomeapilothascometrue..Ifyoulookintothematter,everythingwillcomeclear.如果你調(diào)查一下這事，一切都會(huì)清楚.后面常接的形容詞還有apart,dea（昂貴，natural,open,short,righ（好了unstuc（沒有粘住，untie（松開.8．run,變成，后接adj. Thepriceranhigh. 價(jià)格上升.9．make，達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)[后接形容詞]，如sure,certain,merry,bold,freeWemustmakecertainoffacts.我們一定要弄清事實(shí).D．雙謂語系動(dòng)詞此類系動(dòng)詞既有系動(dòng)詞的功能，后接表語，又保留原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞本身的含義.例如：Therunrosered.太陽升起紅艷艷.Shestoppedandstoodquitestill.她停下來然后一絲不動(dòng)地站著.Thesnowlaythickontheground.雪厚厚地堆積在地上.Hemarriedyoung.他結(jié)婚很早.LeiFengdiedyoung.雷鋒早逝.Hecontinuedsilent.他繼續(xù)沉默不語.系動(dòng)詞單項(xiàng)選擇題①Thestorysounds (MET89) A.tobetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD.true②Thoseorangestaste (MET91) A.good B.well C.tobegoodD.tobewell③---Areyoufeeling ?---Yes,mfinenow/(NMET92)A.anywell B.anybetter C.quitegood D.quitebetter④ CanIjointheclub,Dad.----Youcanwhenyou abitolder.(NMET94) A.get B.willgetC.getD.willhavegot⑤---Doyoulikethematerial?----Yes,it verysoft.(NMET94) A.isfeelingB.felt C.feelsD.isfelt⑥IlovetogototheseasideonSummer.It goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.(NMET96)A.does B.feels C.gets D.makes⑦Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget bythehour.(NMET98)A.pay B.payingC.paidD.topay⑧Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill forseveralA.bestayed B.stay C.bestaying D.havestayed系動(dòng)詞鞏固練習(xí)①Whatyouhavesaid .A．issoundedinterestingBsoundsinterestinginterested D．listensinterested②Theclassbegins.Pleasekeep . B．silenceC．thesilenceD．