Unit10You'resupposedtoshakehands.知識(shí)梳理人教版英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)全冊(cè)

Unit10You'resupposedtoshakehands.短語(yǔ)歸納1.首次；初次 ____________________ 2.（與某人）握手___________________3.……怎么樣/如何 ____________________ 4.以錯(cuò)誤的方式；錯(cuò)誤地____________5.一……就…… ____________________ 6.伸出（手等） ____________________ ____________________ 8.發(fā)現(xiàn)；找出；查明 _________________ ____________________ 10.順便拜訪；順便進(jìn)入_____________11.在……的兩邊 ____________________ 12.在某人的日常生活中_____________13.盡可能…… ____________________ 14.準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí) ____________________15.……的首都/國(guó)都 ____________________ 16.在中午____________________17.大動(dòng)肝火；氣憤 ____________________ 18.有趣的事情____________________ ____________________ 20把……擦掉____________________21.脫下（衣服）;（飛機(jī)等）起飛________________22.餐桌禮儀____________________ 23.把……插入…… ____________________ 24.指著____________________指向 ____________________ 指出____________________25.因……而感謝 ____________________ 因……而感謝某人____________________26.玩得高興，過得愉快_________________ 27.使（某人）感到賓至如歸__________ ____________________ 29.因?yàn)?；由于____________________30.最初；首先____________________ （反：最后；終于____________________） ____________________ 32.像____________________33.出席；露面 ____________________ ____________________35.畢竟；終歸 ____________________ ____________________ 38.和……不同____________________ （反：和……相同____________________） ____________________40.對(duì)……感到放松/隨意___________________SectionA風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣1)custom〔名詞〕風(fēng)俗；習(xí)俗Thecustomsaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.Idon'tlikethecustomofgivingpresentsinthatcountry.2）辨析：custom與habitcustom主要指某個(gè)民族或社會(huì)在發(fā)展過程中長(zhǎng)期沿襲下來的禮節(jié)、風(fēng)俗或習(xí)慣habit指一個(gè)人經(jīng)常做某事，久而久之形成的習(xí)慣或習(xí)性TheJapanesecustomsaredifferentfromtheChineseones.Nailbitingisoneofherbadhabits.2.bow鞠躬bow①〔不及物動(dòng)詞〕鞠躬bowto/before...向……鞠躬Thespeakerbowedto/beforethelisteners.②〔及物動(dòng)詞〕低（頭）Shebowedherhead.③〔名詞〕鞠躬（讀作/bau/）；弓（讀作/b?u/）TheJapaneseusuallytakeabowwhilegreeting.Hemadehissonabow.3.shakehands握手shakehands握手其中shake(shook,shaken)既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“搖動(dòng)；抖動(dòng)”。Shakinghandsisourcustom.Heshookhisheadsadly.Thewholehouseshakeswhenatraingoespast.拓展shakehandswithsb./shake.sb.bthehand意為“與某人握手”;shakeone'shand指“握某人的手”，強(qiáng)調(diào)一方的動(dòng)作，故hand用單數(shù)。WhenforeignpeoplevisitaChinesefamily,theChinesefamilywillshakehandswiththem.Sheshooktheboy'shandandpattedhimontheshoulderlightly.親吻kiss①〔動(dòng)詞〕(kissed,kissed,kisses)親吻；接吻后面可跟人作賓語(yǔ)；表示親吻某人的某個(gè)身體部位時(shí)，要說kisssb.on...Doyoukisswhenyoumeetforthefirsttime?Hebowedtokisshislittlesonontheface.②〔名詞〕親吻；接吻Jackgavehismotherakissandwenttoschool.5.Inyourcountry,whatareyousupposedtodowhenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime?在你們國(guó)家，與某人初次見面時(shí)你應(yīng)該做什么？besupposedto應(yīng)該后接動(dòng)詞原形，相當(dāng)于should或oughtto，用來表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。Wearesupposedtokeeptheclassroomclean.6.IntheUnitedStates,they'reexpectedtoshakehands.在美國(guó)，他們應(yīng)該握手。1)beexpectedtodosth.被期望做某事；應(yīng)該做某事此處相當(dāng)于besupposedtodosth.You'reexpectedtogetgoodgradesthisterm.2)expect〔及物動(dòng)詞〕期望；預(yù)料；期待 后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或從句。其常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下：Iexpectaletterfrommyfamily.Sheexpectstoebacknextweek.Iexpectyoutomasterthegrammarrules.④expect+that從句預(yù)計(jì)……IexpectthatI'llbebackonSunday.練習(xí)Teachersexpectalltheirstudents___________progressdaybyday.Atomake C.totake 7.greetedPaul'smotherthewrongway問候保羅母親的方式不對(duì)1)greet〔及物動(dòng)詞〕和……打招呼；迎接相當(dāng)于sayhelloto，后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。ThewaitersgreetedusinPutonghuaandweansweredtheminPutonghua.2)thewrongway以錯(cuò)誤的方式，錯(cuò)誤地相當(dāng)于inthewrongway。當(dāng)way構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)表示“用……方式/方法”時(shí)，常加介詞in。如果way前有this,that或the等詞，in可以省略，但是如果位于句首，則in不可省略。Youunderstoodhim(in)thewrongway.8.Mariawassupposedtoarriveat7:00，butshearrivedat8:00.瑪麗亞應(yīng)該7點(diǎn)到，但是她8點(diǎn)才到。1）辨析：arrive,get與reach三者均有“到達(dá)”之意，但用法不同。arrive不及物動(dòng)詞arrivein+大地點(diǎn)（國(guó)家、城市等）arriveat+小地點(diǎn)（車站、村莊等）arrive+地點(diǎn)副詞get不及物動(dòng)詞getto+地點(diǎn)名詞get+地點(diǎn)副詞reach及物動(dòng)詞reach+地點(diǎn)Mr.SmithandhisfriendsarrivedinChinatwoweeksago.Whendidyouarriveatthestation?TheygottoBeijingyesterday.PleasecallmeifyoureachTianjin.注意①當(dāng)arrive,get后接地點(diǎn)副詞here,there,home等時(shí)，不需要加介詞。Wearrived/gothomeearlyyesterday.②當(dāng)未指明到達(dá)的地點(diǎn)時(shí)，一般只用arrive，不用reach或get。Whenwearrived,itwasraininghard.2）辨析：表示時(shí)間的介詞at,on與inat用于時(shí)刻前atsixo'clock在6點(diǎn)鐘on用于星期、日期、某一特定的日子或具體某天的上午、下午或晚上前onMonday在星期一onSeptember10th在9月10日onthemorningofMay1st在5月1日上午onschoolnights在上學(xué)期間的晚上in用于泛指一天的上午、下午或晚上，以及季、月、年等較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間inthemorning在上午inOctober在10月in2012在2012年inthe1930s在20世紀(jì)30年代助記時(shí)間介詞on,at與in的用法on來特指某一天，日期、星期、節(jié)日前。at用在時(shí)刻前，也與正午、午夜連。月份、季節(jié)與年份，in須放在其前面。練習(xí)___________suchacoldmorning,Ialsogotup___________6o'clocktogoforarunasusual.;in ;to ;at ;at9.Imadesomenewfriends.我交了一些新朋友。makefriends交朋友IfinditdifficulttomakefriendswithJim.注意①該短語(yǔ)中的friend須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。②該短語(yǔ)表示瞬間動(dòng)作，若要表示延續(xù)性狀態(tài)，須用befriends(withsb.)。10.Butafunnythinghappened.但發(fā)生了一件有趣的事情。1)happen①〔不及物動(dòng)詞〕發(fā)生 用法如下：a.Sth.happen(s)+時(shí)間/地點(diǎn). 某時(shí)/某地發(fā)生某事。Anaccidenthappenedinourneighborhoodjustnow.b.Sth.happen(s)tosb.某人發(fā)生某事。Thesamethinghashappenedtomyfriend.注意happen是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在上周。誤：Thestorywashappenedlastweek.正：Thestoryhappenedlastweek.②〔動(dòng)詞〕碰巧，恰好用法如下：a.Sb.happen(s)todosth.某人碰巧做某事。Ihappenedtomeetafriendofmineinthestreetyesterday.b.Ithappens+that從句.碰巧…… 可與Sb.happen(s)tobe/dosth.進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。Ithappenedthatshewentoutwhenwecalledher.=Shehappenedtogooutwhenwecalledher.2）辨析：happen與takeplacehappen（偶然）發(fā)生用來指某個(gè)事件突然發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性，主語(yǔ)往往是表示事件、事故等的名詞takeplace發(fā)生；舉行常指某事按規(guī)律、預(yù)先布置或按計(jì)劃發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，不含偶然的意味Ifanythinghappenstothemachine,pleaseletmeknow.TheOlympicWinterGamesof2022tookplaceinBeijingandZhangjiakou.11.ImetaJapaneseboycalledSato,andassoonasIheldoutmyhand,hebowed.我遇到了一個(gè)名叫佐藤的日本男孩，就在我伸出手（要跟他握手）時(shí)，他鞠了一躬。1）過去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)calledSato為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的名詞boy。此處called相當(dāng)于named或withthenameof。ThegirlcalledLucyismysister.=ThegirlnamedLucyismysister.=ThegirlwiththenameofLucyismysister.2)assoonas一……就……用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，若主句用一般將來時(shí)，則從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，即遵循"主將從現(xiàn)"的原則。Iwilltellherthenewsassoonassheesback.注意若主句為祈使句或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，assoonas引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。CallmeassoonasyouarriveinParis.練習(xí)Wewereluckyyesterday.Thebusleft___________wegotonit. D.assoonas12.That’showpeopleinJapanareexpectedtogreeteachother.那就是在日本人們互相問候的方式。1)how引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句本句含有how引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句在句子中作表語(yǔ)，常位于連系動(dòng)詞be,seem,look等后面。how,where,why,because等引導(dǎo)的從句作this/thatis的表語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示具體的方式、地點(diǎn)、結(jié)果、原因等。Thequestioniswhentheactorwille.Thatiswhyweehere.That'sbecauseyoudon'tsensehersadness.拓展表語(yǔ)從句還可由連接詞that引導(dǎo)。Thepityisthattheendingofthestoryisn'tperfect.2)eachother互相；相互；彼此 同義短語(yǔ)為oneanotherTheylookedateachotherandlaughed.13.Soljuststoodtherewithmyhandout.所以我只是伸著手站在那里。with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)withmyhandout是"with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形式有現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞等。Heissleepinginthebedroomwiththewindowsopen.14.Finally,Ireturnedthebow.最后我鞠躬還禮了。return①〔及物動(dòng)詞〕歸還 通常接表示事物的名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。returnsth.to...=givesth.backto...把某物還給某人或還到某處Returnthebookstothelibraryontime,please.②〔不及物動(dòng)詞〕返回，回來，回去 相當(dāng)于e/gobackreturnfrom...從……回來 returnto...回到……Whenwillthedirectorreturn?Luckily,thefamouspainterreturnedtoChinaduringtheearly1950s.15.Iheldoutmyhandandtomysurprise,shekissedmeonbothsidesofmyface！我伸出手（想要握手），可令我吃驚的是，她親吻了我的雙頰！1)toone'ssurprise使/讓某人吃驚的是其中surprise用作名詞，此處意為“驚奇；詫異”，還可表示“令人驚奇的事”Tooursurprise,theteacherpraisedTominsteadofpunishinghim.Themanhadalookofsurpriseonhisface.Iwillhaveasurpriseforyou.拓展①insurprise驚奇地Jeanlookedathermotherinsurprise.②besurprisedat...對(duì)……感到吃驚Weareverysurprisedatthenews.③besurprisedtodosth.對(duì)做某事感到驚訝I(yíng)wassurprisedtohavesuchanunusualexperience.④besurprised+that從句 對(duì)……感到驚訝Weweresurprisedthattheboyperformedinsuchaway.練習(xí)按所給的漢語(yǔ)，用英語(yǔ)完成句子。讓我們吃驚的是，這位國(guó)際友人擅長(zhǎng)烹制中餐。___________，theforeignfriendisgoodatcookingChinesefood.2)both①〔形容詞〕兩個(gè)；雙方；兩者都 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。反義詞neither意為“兩者都不”。Bothmoviesaremoving.②〔代詞〕兩個(gè)，兩個(gè)都常用于“bothof+代詞”或"bothof+the/其他限定詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)"結(jié)構(gòu)中。both在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Bothofusprefersmoothmusic.BothofthepoemswerewrittenbyLiBai.注意both常位于連系動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。Theywerebothpraised.Theybothperformedwell.練習(xí)—Canyouplayvolleyballorbasketball?—___________ofthem.I'mgoodatballgames.16.LaterIfoundoutFrenchpeoplearesupposedtokisswhentheyseeeachother.后來我發(fā)現(xiàn)法國(guó)人見面時(shí)應(yīng)該親吻對(duì)方（以示禮貌）。辨析：findout,lookfor與findfindout發(fā)現(xiàn)；找出；查明多指通過觀察、探索而發(fā)現(xiàn)事實(shí)的真相，通過調(diào)查找出原因，或發(fā)現(xiàn)秘密、找出錯(cuò)誤等，通常含有"經(jīng)過困難和曲折”的含義lookfor尋找是有目的地找，強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”這一動(dòng)作find找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)通常指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)具體的東西，也可指偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)某物或某種情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果Wemustfindoutthetruthofthematter.Ican'tfindmypen.I'mlookingforiteverywhere.17.WhereI'mfrom,we'reprettyrelaxedabouttime.在我們那個(gè)地方，我們的時(shí)間觀念比較隨意。1)where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句此句中where用作連詞，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，說明主句行為發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。WhereIlive,therearemanytrees.2)relaxed〔形容詞〕放松的；自在的 此處作表語(yǔ)。berelaxedabout對(duì)……感到放松/隨意Listeningtomusicmakesusfeelrelaxed.Wearerelaxedaboutourbreakfast.練習(xí)根據(jù)句意和首字母提示補(bǔ)全單詞。Listentoapieceoflightmusicandyouwillfeelr___________.3)辨析：relaxed與relaxingrelaxed放松的；自在的描述人的感受，常作表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)通常是人relaxing令人放松的多用來說明事物本身具有令人放松的特性，可作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，常用來修飾或說明事物一言辨異Ifeelreallyrelaxedaftertherelaxingvacation.18.Wedon'tliketorusharound,sowedon'tmindifpeoplearealittlelatesometimes.我們不喜歡匆匆忙忙的，所以有時(shí)如果人們晚一點(diǎn)兒，我們并不介意。辨析：alittle與abit①相同點(diǎn)：兩者都作“有點(diǎn)兒；一點(diǎn)兒”講，可修飾形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)或比較級(jí)；可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Heisalittle/abitolderthanyou.Pleasegivemealittle/abit.②不同點(diǎn)：alittle后可直接接不可數(shù)名詞；abit后必須加of才能接不可數(shù)名詞。alittlemoney=abitofmoney拓展notalittle與notabit意義完全不同。①notalittle意為“很，非?！?，相當(dāng)于very/verymuch。Thewoundisnotalittlepainful.=Thewoundisverypainful.②notabit意為“根本不，一點(diǎn)兒也不”，相當(dāng)于notatall。Heisnotabitangry.=Heisnotangryatall.19.Wevaluethetimewespendwithourfamilyandfriendsinoureverydaylives.我們珍視日常生活中和家人、朋友在一起的時(shí)光。1)value①〔及物動(dòng)詞〕重視；珍視valuesb./sth.for...因……而重視某人/某物Valuesb./sth.as...把某人/某物珍視為……It'satraditiontovalueeducationinChina.Mr.WangvaluesTomforhishardwork.Ireallyvaluehimasafriend.②〔名詞〕價(jià)值 形容詞形式為valuable，意為“貴重的；很有用的；寶貴的”TherealvalueofmyvoluntaryworkisbeingfriendswiththepeopleIhelp.Thereisnothingvaluableinthebag.練習(xí)Weshould___________thefriendshipthatwehavedevelopedinthepastyears.A.value 2)spend(spent,spent)〔動(dòng)詞〕①度過spendtimewithsb.和某人一起度過時(shí)光Iexpecttospendplentyoftimewithmyfamily.Howdidyouspendyoursummervacation？②花費(fèi)指花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢，主語(yǔ)為表示人的詞。Ispentonehourdoingmyhomeworkyesterday.Mymotheralwaysspendsmuchmoneyontheclothes.練習(xí)OnJanuary29th,2020,ZhongNanshanandhisteam___________overfourhoursonline___________fivepatientswhowereseriouslyill,andmadeatreatmentplanforthosepatients.A.spent;checking B.spent;tocheck ;checking D.spend;tocheck20.Weoftenjustdropbyourfriends'homesifwehavetime.如果有時(shí)間，我們經(jīng)常順便到朋友的家里拜訪。dropby順便拜訪；隨便進(jìn)入可單獨(dú)使用，也可接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于eoverto。drop的過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞分別是dropped,dropped,dropping。Dropbyifyouarefree.Idropbytheshoptodosomeshopping.拓展 dropinat+地點(diǎn)順便拜訪某地Wouldyoudropinonusthiseveningforachat?Hedroppedinatthefactoryonhiswayhome.21.Wedon'tusuallyhavetomakeplanstomeetourfriends.我們通常不必刻意安排與朋友見面。makeplans制訂計(jì)劃Wemakeplanstohaveagoodholiday.拓展plan〔動(dòng)詞〕計(jì)劃，打算Thegovernmentplanstoclosedownthefactorybecauseofpollution.=Thegovernmentmakesaplantoclosedownthefactorybecauseofpollution.22.Weoftenjustwalkaroundthetowncenter,seeingasmanyofourfriendsaswecan!我們經(jīng)常只是在城鎮(zhèn)中心走走，見盡可能多的朋友！1）現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)seeingasmanyofourfriendsaswecan作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，說明謂語(yǔ)walk表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Theteachercameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhishand.某人盡可能…… 相當(dāng)于as....aspossibleIhopeyou'llwriteassoonasyoucan.=Ihopeyou'llwriteassoonaspossible.Youmusttrytorememberasmanywordsasyoucan.23.InSwitzerland,it'sveryimportanttobeontime.在瑞士，守時(shí)是非常重要的。ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)Thepassengersgetontheplaneontime.Pleasedon'tbelate.etomypartyontime.拓展①intime及時(shí)Hewasjustintimeforthemeeting.②attimes有時(shí)（相當(dāng)于sometimes）Igotoschoolwithoutbreakfastattimes.③bythetime.到……的時(shí)候Bythetimewegottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.④atthesametime同時(shí)Thetwinsalwaysgetupatthesametime.24.We’rethecapitalofclocksandwatches,afterall!畢竟我們是鐘表之都！1)thecapitalof……的首都/國(guó)都 其中capital用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“首都；國(guó)都"。BeijingisthecapitalofChina.2)afterall畢竟；終歸可位于句首、句中或句末。位于句首時(shí)含有"別忘了……"之意，用來說服或提醒對(duì)方。IthoughtIwasgoingtofailtheexam,butIpassedafterall.Afterall,heisyourfather.拓展①aboveall首先；最重要的是 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，位于句首或句中。Aboveall,chairsshouldbefortable.②inall總共 位于句首或句末。Inall,shehaseightcostumechanges.③notatall根本不；不客氣—Thankyouverymuchforspeakingtous.練習(xí)—ThisissodifficultthatIwanttogiveup.—Takeiteasy.___________，ittakestimetolearnsomethingnew.A.Inthatcase B.Forexample C.Bytheway D.Afterall25.Ifsomeoneinvitesyoutomeethimorheratnoon,thenyou'reexpectedtobethereatnoon.如果有人邀請(qǐng)你在中午見面，那么你應(yīng)該在中午到那里。1)invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事invitesb.to+地點(diǎn)名詞邀請(qǐng)某人到某地SheinvitedmetoattendaconcertofChinesefolkmusiclastnight.IinvitedJennytomyhouse.練習(xí)Mr.Whiteinvitedme___________thehillwithhimlastweekend.A.toclimb 2)atnoon在中午其中noon用作名詞，意為“中午；正午”。介詞at用在具體時(shí)刻或dawn（黎明），noon（正午）,dusk（黃昏）,midnight（午夜）等名詞前。Heusuallycallsmeupatnoon.26.Ifyou'reeven15minuteslate,yourfriendmaygetmad.即使你只遲到了15分鐘，你的朋友也可能會(huì)很生氣。1)getmad大動(dòng)肝火；氣憤強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作和過程；而bemad意為“感到很生氣"，表示狀態(tài)。Tomwaslateagain.Histeachergotmad.Thismorningshewasalittlemad.2)mad〔形容詞〕很生氣；瘋的drivesb.mad使某人發(fā)狂You'remadtodrivesofast!Pleasedon'tgetmadat/withme.There'snoneedtogetmadaboutit!Thebadnewsmadehimmad.27.SoImakeanefforttobeontimewhenImeetmyfriends.所以當(dāng)我與朋友見面時(shí)，我努力做到守時(shí)。makeanefforttodosth.努力做某事其中effort用作名詞，意為“艱難的嘗試”。該短語(yǔ)中的an也可根據(jù)情況換為no,every,another,onemore等；其中的make也可換為have。Pleasemakeanefforttofinishthetaskontime.Alltheireffortsweresuccessful.注意①effort泛指努力時(shí)，通常是不可數(shù)名詞。Hissuccessdependsuponeffortanability.②effort強(qiáng)調(diào)一次具體的努力時(shí)，通常是可數(shù)名詞。Withagreatefforthejumpedon.練習(xí)根據(jù)所給的中文意思完成句子，每空一詞。請(qǐng)永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄！世界上從來沒有人未經(jīng)努力就取得成功。Nevergiveup,please!Nooneintheworldhaseversucceededwithout_________an_________.28.IalwaysleavethehouseearlytoavoidheavytrafficbecauseIthinkit'simpolitetokeepotherswaiting.我總是早早離開家以避免交通擁擠，因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為讓別人等待是不禮貌的。1)avoid〔及物動(dòng)詞〕避免；逃避其后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。Fortunately,heavoidedanaccident.Itriedtoavoidmakingmymothermad.拓展后接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)還有enjoy,mind,finish,practice,consider,suggest,bebusy,keepon,fee.like,beusedto,giveup,lookforwardto等。練習(xí)Duringourholidays,weshouldavoid__________upatnightandoversleepinginthemorning.2)impolite〔形容詞〕無禮的；不禮貌的它是由形容詞polite加否定前綴im構(gòu)成的。It'simpolitetolaughatothers.助記練習(xí)根據(jù)句意和首字母提示補(bǔ)全單詞。It'si__________foreachofustospeakloudlyinpublicplaces.3)keepsb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事為“keep+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，此處是v.ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Sorry,Ihavekeptyouwaitingsolong.拓展①在"keep+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)中，keep為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使……保持某種狀態(tài)"，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)還可以是形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。a.keep+人/物+形容詞Wemustkeepourroomclean.b.keep+人/物+副詞Don'tkeephimawayfromschool.c.keep+人/物+介詞短語(yǔ)Don'tkeepyourbooksinthebox.Don'tkeeptalkinginpublic.③keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事Nothingcankeephimfromstudyinghard.考點(diǎn)向?qū)СＴ?用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空”題中考查keep后用ving形式作賓補(bǔ)的用法。29.Also,wenevervisitafriend'shousewithoutcallingfirst.而且，我們也從不事先未打便登門拜訪朋友。1)never〔副詞〕從不；從來沒有表示否定意義。當(dāng)陳述句中含有never時(shí)，其反意疑問句的附加問句要用肯定形式。You'veneverreceivedhisinvitation,haveyou?注意表示否定意義的詞還有hardly（幾乎不）,few/little（很少，幾乎沒有）seldom（不常，很少）等。Fewstudentscanworkoutthedifficultmathproblem.2)without〔介詞〕沒有，無反義詞為with，其后常接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式表示伴隨情況或條件，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。Icouldn'tsucceedwithoutyoursupport.練習(xí)ThankstothevideoVisitingtheWorldOnline,wecanenjoythesights__________leavinghome. C.without30.Weusuallyplantodosomethinginteresting,orgosomewheretogether.我們通常計(jì)劃著一起去做有趣的事或一起去某個(gè)地方。形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞somethinginteresting意為“有趣的事情”。在英語(yǔ)中，形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)應(yīng)后置。Ihavesomethingspecialtotelltheclass.Thereisnothingdelicioustoeat.31.Whenyougoabroad,itisimportanttobringyourpassport.當(dāng)你出國(guó)時(shí)，帶護(hù)照很重要。goabroad出國(guó) 其中abroad為副詞，意為“在國(guó)外；到國(guó)外”。Sheoftengoesabroadonbusiness.I'veneverlivedabroadbefore.32.Afterclass,studentsaresupposedto/areexpectedtocleanthechalkofftheblackboard.課后，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該把黑板上的粉筆字擦掉。1)clean...off把……擦掉 動(dòng)副短語(yǔ)wanttocleanoffthesedirtymarks.=Iwanttocleanthesedirtymarksoff.Pleasecleanthemoff.拓展clean的其他常見短語(yǔ)：cleanout把……內(nèi)部徹底打掃干凈 cleanup打掃（或清除）干凈2)chalk①〔不可數(shù)名詞〕粉筆 表示數(shù)量時(shí)可用...piece(s)ofchalk.apieceofchalkPleasewritewithchalk.②〔可數(shù)名詞〕粉筆 表示各種型號(hào)、各種色彩的粉筆。aboxofcoloredchalks33.IfyouvisitthenortherncoastofNorwayduringthewinterseason,itisimportanttopackwarmclothes.如果你在冬季游覽挪威的北海岸，裝上暖和的衣服很重要。1)northern〔形容詞〕北方的；北部的它是由名詞north（北，北方）加ern構(gòu)成的形容詞。ShelivesinthenorthernpartofChina.拓展表示方位的名詞，在詞尾加ern可構(gòu)成形容詞。eastn.東，東方→easternadj.東方的；東部的westn.西，西方→westernadj.西方的；西部的southn.南，南方→southernadj.南方的；南部的northwestn.西北，西北方→northwesternadj.西北方的，來自西北方的northeastn.東北，東北方→northeasterradj.東北方的，來自東北方的southwestn.西南，西南方→southwesterradj.西南方的，來自西南方的southeastn.東南，東南方→southeasterradj.東南方的，來自東南方的2)coast〔名詞〕海岸；海濱on/atthecoast在海邊 alongthecoast沿海Iusedtoliveinasmallvillageonthecoast.3)season〔可數(shù)名詞〕季；季節(jié)可表示某事通常發(fā)生的時(shí)期，也可表示一年中的季節(jié)。Thisisthefirstgameoftheseason.Thisisnottheseasonforharvesting.34.Iftherearepeopleinthemeetingroom,youaresupposedto/areexpectedtoknockbeforeentering.如果會(huì)議室里有人，你進(jìn)入之前應(yīng)該敲門。knock①〔不及物動(dòng)詞〕敲；擊knockat/onthedoor敲門Heknockedat/onthedoor,buttherewasnoanswer.②〔動(dòng)詞〕碰撞knockagainst/on撞到……（上）knockdown撞倒Thecarknockedagainstthetreelastnight.Anelephantknockeddownadog.③〔名詞〕敲擊聲；敲擊Thereisaknockatthedoor.35.InmanyeasternEuropeancountries,youaresupposedto/areexpectedtotakeoffyourglovesbeforeshakinghands.在許多東歐國(guó)家，握手前你應(yīng)該摘下手套。takeoff①脫下（衣服） 動(dòng)副短語(yǔ) 其反義短語(yǔ)為puton，意為“穿上”。Putonyourclothes.Don'ttakethemoff.It'swarmintheroom.Youcantakeyourcoatoff.=It'swarmintheroom.Youcantakeoffyourcoat.②（飛機(jī)等）起飛Theplanewilltakeoffsoon.拓展常見的含take的短語(yǔ)還有：takecareof照顧 takecare當(dāng)心；注意takeplace發(fā)生 takemedicine服藥takephotos照相 takeiteasy別緊張takeaway拿走 takenotes記筆記takesb.'splace代替某人 takeamessage捎個(gè)口信takeafter與……相像 takerisks/arisk冒險(xiǎn)takedown拆除；記下 takeexercise做運(yùn)動(dòng)take...to...把……帶到…… takeup開始做，占用takeashower/walk洗淋浴/散步 takeabreak/rest休息一下Take...out(of...)（從……里）拿出；取出……練習(xí)—Hurryup!Ourplanewill__________soon.—Don'tworry.Westillhaveenoughtime.A.takedown B.take C.takeup D.takeafter36....butitisworththetroubleifyouwanttounderstandanotherculture.……但是如果你想了解另一種文化，麻煩一點(diǎn)兒也值得。1)worth〔形容詞〕值得；有……價(jià)值（的）一般作表語(yǔ)，其后可跟動(dòng)詞ing形式或名詞，具體用法有：①beworthdoing值得做句子的主語(yǔ)一般是doing的賓語(yǔ)。worth后面的動(dòng)詞ing形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Theplaceisworthvisiting.②beworth+錢 值……錢Thepictureisworth$30.③beworth+名詞值得………Idon'tthinkit'sworthourwork.注意表示“很值得”，應(yīng)說wellworth,而不說veryworth。Thebookiswellworthreading.練習(xí)ThefilmHi,Mom(《你好，李煥英》)ismoving,andIthinkitiswellworth__________. B.tobesee D.tosee2)辨析：another,theother,other,others與theothersanother泛指“三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上”中的“另一個(gè)”，后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；也可用作代詞theother相當(dāng)于代詞或形容詞，指“兩個(gè)”之中的“另一個(gè)"，是特指。常用在one...theother...結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示"一個(gè)……，另一個(gè)……"other用作形容詞，意為“別的；其他的”，其后常接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示泛指others用作代詞，泛指“其他的人或物”，相當(dāng)于“other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。some.others.意為“有的……，有的……”theothers相當(dāng)于代詞，特指一個(gè)整體內(nèi)的“其他全部的人或物"，相當(dāng)于"theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”Weneedanotherchair.Idon'tlikethisskirt.Pleaseshowmeanother.Hehastwosisters.OneisLilyandtheotherisLisa.WestudyChinese,math,Englishandothersubjects.Youshouldthinkofothers.Thestudentsaredoingthecleaning.Somearecleaningthewindows,andothersaremoppingthefloor.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Thirtyofusareboys,andtheothersaregirls.注意another+數(shù)詞（大于1）+名詞復(fù)數(shù)=數(shù)詞（大于1）+more+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“再來……個(gè)……”。Weneedanotherfivedesks.=Weneedfivemoredesks.練習(xí)Someanimalsmovefromoneplaceto__________atcertaintimesoftheyear.37.tablemanners餐桌禮儀manner〔名詞〕①禮貌；禮儀常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。good/badmanners有/沒有禮貌Attheparty,youshouldmindyourmanners.Differentcountrieshavedifferenttablemanners.②方式；方法比way正式，通常用單數(shù)形式。IloveduckcookedintheChinesemanner.練習(xí)根據(jù)句意和括號(hào)中所給中文提示，在句中空格處填寫上正確的單詞。It'soneofthegoodtable__________（禮儀）inChinatoasktheoldtoeatfirst.SectionB1.InKorea,theyoungestpersonisexpectedtostarteatingfirst.在韓國(guó)，年齡最小的人應(yīng)該先開始吃。startdoingsth.開始做某事 與starttodosth.同義。Hestartedcrying.=Hestartedtocry.拓展作"開始"講時(shí)，start與begin兩者可互換，但以下情況不是“開始”之意，只能用start，不能用begin。①表示“創(chuàng)辦，開設(shè)；建立，成立”時(shí)。WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas.②表示“開動(dòng)機(jī)器”時(shí)。Canyoustartthecar?③表示“出發(fā)，動(dòng)身”時(shí)。Wemuststartearly.2.InChina,it'simpolitetouseyourchopstickstohitanemptybowl.在中國(guó)，用筷子敲空碗是不禮貌的。①〔形容詞〕空的；空洞的 反義詞為full（滿的）。Thecupisempty.Thisisanemptybox.②〔及物動(dòng)詞〕排空，倒空 反義詞為fill（裝滿，填滿）。Justnowheemptiedthecup.3.Youshouldn'tpointatanyonewithyourchopsticks.你不應(yīng)該用筷子指著人。辨析：pointat與pointtopointat指著側(cè)重所指的對(duì)象，通常表示指著近處的人或物pointto指向側(cè)重所指的方向，通常表示指著較遠(yuǎn)處的人或物一言變異Thegirlispointingattheboywhoispointingtothehighmountainfaraway.拓展Hetookoutacameraandpointeditatme.②pointout指出Mariapointedoutmymistakes.4.You'renotsupposedtostarteatingfirstifthereareolderpeopleatthetable.如果有年長(zhǎng)的人在餐桌旁，你不應(yīng)該先開始吃。atthetable在餐桌旁attable在吃飯Themansatatthetableandaskedforacupoftea.Theyareattablenow.拓展at可與某些名詞搭配，構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)。atsupper/lunch/breakfast在吃晚飯/午飯/早飯atwork在工作5.MycousinwenttoAmerica,andshesaidthatlearningbasictablemannerswasherbiggestchallenge.我的堂妹去了美國(guó)，她說學(xué)習(xí)基本的餐桌禮儀是她最大的挑戰(zhàn)。basic〔形容詞〕基本的；基礎(chǔ)的 名詞形式為base，意為“基礎(chǔ)；基地；底部”。It'snecessarytomastersomebasicgrammarrules.6.HowdoesshefeelaboutmakingmistakeswhenshespeaksFrench?她怎樣看待說法語(yǔ)時(shí)犯錯(cuò)誤？辨析：speak,tell,say與talkspeak及物動(dòng)詞“說（某種語(yǔ)言）”。其后賓語(yǔ)通常是表示語(yǔ)言的名詞speak+語(yǔ)言“說某種語(yǔ)言"不及物動(dòng)詞"交談，說話"。通常指說話的能力和方式，側(cè)重講話這一動(dòng)作，也有“演講，發(fā)言"之意speaktosb."與某人談話”tell及物動(dòng)詞“講述，告訴”。著重指把一件事通知或告訴別人tellsb.sth.“告訴某人某事”,tellsb.aboutsth.“告訴某人關(guān)于某事/某物的情況",tellsb.(not)todosth.“告訴某人（不要）做某事",tellalie“說謊”,tellstories/astory“講故事”say及物動(dòng)詞“說，講”。指用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)思想，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)說話的內(nèi)容say+名詞、代詞或從句，say+直接引語(yǔ)talk不及物動(dòng)詞“說話，談話”。指一般的談話或交談talktosb."和某人談話”,talkwithsb.“和某人交談”,talkaboutsb./sth.“談?wù)撃橙?某事"CanyouspeakEnglish?Pleasetellmethenews.Mymothertellsmetobuysomefruit.PleasesayitinChinese.Hesays,"It'sgreat."Theyaretalkingaboutthefilmwitheachother.7.Yes,I'mhavingagreattimeonmystudentexchangeprograminFrance.是的，我在法國(guó)的交換生生活過得很愉快。exchange①〔名詞〕交換anexchangestudent一名交換生anexchangeof交換……inexchangefor交換……HehasgonetoFranceasanexchangestudent.Anexchangeofideasishelpful.Hehelpedotherswithfarmworkinexchangeforbooks.②〔及物動(dòng)詞〕交換；調(diào)換；兌換exchange...for... 用……換……CanIexchangeanappleforfouroranges?I'msupposedtoexchangemydollarsforpoundsfirst.CanIexchangestampswithyou?8.IwasabitnervousbeforeIarrivedhere,buttherewasnoreasontobe.我在到這里之前有點(diǎn)兒緊張，但那是沒理由的。Therewas/isnoreason(forsb.)todosth.（某人）沒有理由做某事"Sb.have/hasnoreasontodosth."也表示“某人沒有理由做某事"，可與"Therewas/isnoreasonforsb.todosth."進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。Thereisnoreasontobelate.There'snoreasonforyoutopreventtheplan.=Youhavenoreasontopreventtheplan.拓展Therebeno+n.(+forsb.)+todosth.（某人）沒有……做某事。"Therebeno+n.+forsb.todosth."可與“Sbhave/hasno...todosth."進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。Someparentsthinkthereisnoneedforteenagerstodohouseworknow.There'snotimeformetohangout.=Ihavenotimetohangout.9.Theygooutoftheirwaytomakemefeelathome.他們盡力使我感受到家庭的溫馨。1)gooutofone'sway特地；格外努力gooutofone'swaytodosth.特地做某事，格外努力做某事Theschooluniformisveryimportant,becauseitalwaysremindsmethatIamsupposedtogooutofmywaytostudy.練習(xí)根據(jù)所給中文完成句子翻譯。端午節(jié)那天，廚師們特地給孩子們包了餃子。Thecooks__________tomakedumplingsforthekidsontheDragonBoatFestival.2)make...feelathome使（某人）感到賓至如歸Hiskindnessmakesmefeelathome.練習(xí)Theywentoutoftheirwayto___________whenwewereinBeijing.10.SosheactuallylearnedhowtomakeChinesefood!為此她竟然學(xué)習(xí)如何做中餐！“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)howtomakeChinesefood為“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作learned的賓語(yǔ)。Iwanttolearnhowtomakedumplings.拓展疑問詞who,which,when,where，how,what等與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)，構(gòu)成“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，常作tell,show,know,earn,teach,explain,decide，等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)從句?！耙蓡栐~+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)改為賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只需在疑問詞后添加一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)，并將動(dòng)詞不定式改為適當(dāng)形式的謂語(yǔ)。Canyoutellmehowtoexchangemoney?=CanyoutellmehowIshouldexchangemoney?11.Shealsohasateenagegranddaughteraboutmyagewhoisreallykind.她也有一個(gè)與我年齡相仿的十幾歲的（外）孫女，她非常友好。1）辨析：also,too,aswell與either四者都表示“也”，但用法有別，具體如下：also肯定句句中位于助動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前too肯定句或疑問句句末前面通常用逗號(hào)隔開aswell肯定句句末前面不加逗號(hào)either否定句句末前面通常加逗號(hào)Wealsoshakehandsinourcountry.Myfavoriteseasonissummer,too.Icanplaythepianoaswell.Idon'tlikeelectronicmusic,either2)teenage〔形容詞〕十幾歲的；青少年的指13歲至19歲這一年齡段。其名詞形式為teenager，意為“青少年”，指13歲至19歲的人，用作可數(shù)名詞。Theteenageactorisverypopular.Doyouknowtheteenagerwearingtheschooluniform?3)granddaughter〔可數(shù)名詞〕（外）孫女對(duì)應(yīng)詞為grandson，意為“（外）孫子”。它是由grand和daughter組成的合成詞。grand表示親屬關(guān)系中的“（外）孫……”或“（外）祖……”，與daughter,son,mother或father等合成新詞。grand+father→grandfather祖父；外祖父grand+mother→grandmother祖母；外祖母grand+parents→grandparents祖父母；外祖父母12.ShealwaystalkstomeinFrenchtohelpmepractice.她總是用法語(yǔ)和我說話來幫助我練習(xí)（法語(yǔ)）。practice①〔不及物動(dòng)詞〕練習(xí)；實(shí)習(xí)；實(shí)踐Thebestwaytolearnaforeignlanguageistopractice,practiceandpractice.②〔及物動(dòng)詞〕練習(xí)后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。YoumustpracticeyourspokenEnglish.Howdoyoupracticeplayingfootball?③〔不可數(shù)名詞〕實(shí)踐；練習(xí)Knowledgeesfrompracticeandpracticemakesperfect.練習(xí)Manystudentspractice___________inthemorningbecauseoftheP.E.exam.13.Youwouldn'tbelievehowquicklymyFrenchhasimprovedbecauseofthat.你簡(jiǎn)直都想不到就因?yàn)槟菢游业姆ㄕZ(yǔ)提高得有多快。辨析：becauseof與because兩者都表示“因?yàn)椤?，但用法不同，具體如下：becauseof短語(yǔ)介詞其后一般跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞ing形式，還可以跟what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句because連詞通常是說話人用來陳述理由或原因，后接原因狀語(yǔ)從句Theydidn'tgototheparkbecauseofthesnow.=Theydidn'tgototheparkbecauseitsnowed.注意有時(shí)becauseof與because可進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換。14.I'mveryfortablespeakingFrenchnow.我現(xiàn)在講法語(yǔ)感到輕松自如。befortabledoingsth.做某事（感到）輕松自如/舒服相當(dāng)于feelgoodaboutdoingsth.。Markwasfortableansweringthequestion.Heisfortablesittingbytheseaandenjoyingthebathofthesun.15.Mybiggestchallengeislearninghowtobehaveatthedinnertable.我最大的挑戰(zhàn)是學(xué)習(xí)如何在餐桌上舉止得體。1）動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)learninghowtobehave...是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作表語(yǔ)，可以和主語(yǔ)互換位置。MydreamisvisitingthenortherncoastofNorway.=VisitingthenortherncoastofNorwayismydream.2)behave〔動(dòng)詞〕表現(xiàn)；舉止用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接反身代詞，意為“表現(xiàn)良好”。其名詞形式為behavior（行為，舉止）Shebehavedwell.Class,pleasebehaveyourselves!Hewasonhisbestbehavior.16.Asyoucanimagine,thingsareverydifferentfromthewaytheyareathome.正如你想象的那樣，這里的很多事