人教高中英語(yǔ) 必修5unit3過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)

/過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】熟練掌握過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別【教學(xué)過(guò)程】*過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況,在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。過(guò)去分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)可以作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步、原因、結(jié)果等。*動(dòng)詞的-ed形式：與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系表示時(shí)間動(dòng)詞的-ed形式可置于句首,也可置于句尾,有時(shí)還可以置于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間例：當(dāng)問(wèn)到有關(guān)他的家庭情況時(shí),他沒(méi)有答復(fù)。1.Whenhewasaskedabouthisfamily,hemadenoanswer.→Askedabouthisfamily,hemadenoanswer.→He,askedabouthisfamily,madenoanswer.→Hemadenoanswer,askedabouthisfamily.【活學(xué)活用】把以下?tīng)钫Z(yǔ)從句改為過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Whenhewasaskedwhyhewaslate,hewentred.→Askedwhyhewaslate,hewentred.Whenwaterisheated,waterchangesintosteam.→Heated,waterchangesintosteam.表示條件表?xiàng)l件的狀語(yǔ)常位于句首例：從遠(yuǎn)處看,這個(gè)村莊看上去更漂亮。1.IfthevillageisSeeninthedistance,thevillagelooksmorebeautiful.→Seeninthedistance,thevillagelooksmorebeautiful.【隨即隨練】把以下?tīng)钫Z(yǔ)從句改為過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)1.Ifweweregivenmoretimeandmoney,wewouldhavedonetheworkbetter.→Givenmoretimeandmoney,wewouldhavedonetheworkbetter.IfIwascomparedwithyou,Istillhavealongwaytogo.→Comparedwithyou,Istillhavealongwaytogo.表示原因表示原因的分詞短語(yǔ)一般置于句首,偶爾置于句尾或句中例：1.由于傷得嚴(yán)重,只好把他送往醫(yī)院。Becausehewasseriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentohospital.→Seriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentohospital.【小試牛刀】把以下?tīng)钫Z(yǔ)從句改為過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)Becausethechildrenweredeeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.→Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.2.Thechildlearnsfast,becausethechildiswellbroughtupbyhisparents.→Thechildlearnsfast,wellbroughtupbyhisparents.四、表示伴隨/方式這種狀語(yǔ)可置于句首、句中或句尾綜上所述,試著把以下的狀語(yǔ)從句改為過(guò)去分詞作伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)1.獵人在森林里慢慢走著,后面跟著一條狗。Thehunterwalkedslowlyintheforestandhewasfollowedbyhisdog.→Thehunterwalkedslowlyintheforest,followedbyhisdog.→Followedbyhisdog,thehunterwalkedslowlyintheforest.→Thehunter,followedbuhisdog,walkedslowlyintheforest.他失望地走開(kāi)了。Hewentaway,disappointed.→Hewentawayandhewasdisappointed.表示讓步嘗試把以下?tīng)钫Z(yǔ)從句改為用過(guò)去分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)1.雖然被對(duì)方的隊(duì)打敗了,但我們并沒(méi)有灰心而是相互鼓勵(lì)。Thoughwewerebeatenbytheoppositeteam,wedidn’tloseheartandencouragedeachother.→Beatenbytheoppositeteam,wedidn’tloseheartandencouragedeachother.2.雖然受傷了,但那個(gè)勇敢的戰(zhàn)士依然繼續(xù)作戰(zhàn)。Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.→Thoughhewaswounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.*特別提示*①根據(jù)需要,-ed形式前面也可加上when,while,until,once,though,although,aslongas,solongas,unless,asif,asthough,evenif,eventhough等連詞例：1.Whenaskedifhehadanydrugswithhim,heclaimedhewasclean.當(dāng)問(wèn)他身上是否藏有毒品時(shí),他聲稱沒(méi)有。Unlessinvited,Iwon’tattendtheget-together.除非受到邀請(qǐng),否那么我不會(huì)參加聚會(huì)。Theboylefttheplayhousewithoutbeingseen.這個(gè)男孩離開(kāi)了游戲室沒(méi)有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。②有些過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化,作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示人的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成。常見(jiàn)的有：satisfied,surprised,interested,moved,worried,pleased,disappointed等。例：1.Disappointedattheexaminationresults,thegirlstoodtherewithoutsayingaword.因?yàn)閷?duì)考試結(jié)果很失望,小女孩站在那兒一句話也沒(méi)說(shuō)。Finallytheyarrivedthehotel,tiredandhungry.最后,他們到達(dá)了那家賓館,又累又餓。③過(guò)去分詞〔短語(yǔ)〕作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)要一致。例:小偷如果被抓,會(huì)受到警方的處理。1.Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(誤〕2.Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(正〕【牛刀小試】判斷以下句子的正誤Foundhimangry,Ibegantotelljokes.(x)(found與I在這個(gè)句中不是被動(dòng)關(guān)系〕Findinghimangry,Ibegantotelljokes.(v)Lookingaround,therewasnoonenearby.(x)(lookaround的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是noone,故本句不成立〕Lookingaround,Ifoundtherewasnoonenearby.(v)▼動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、動(dòng)詞的-ed形式和不定式皆可作狀語(yǔ),區(qū)別如下：表方式或伴隨時(shí)作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常用動(dòng)詞的-ed形式,習(xí)慣上不用-ing形式一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),即不用beingdone形式例：1.Manyparentswerewalkingaboutthezoo,followedbytheirchildren.很多父母在動(dòng)物園里游玩,后面緊跟著自己的孩子。2.Ledbyaschoolgirl,theblindmancrossedtheroad.這個(gè)盲人由一個(gè)女學(xué)生領(lǐng)著穿過(guò)了馬路。表示時(shí)間作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞的-ed形式如果同時(shí)表示被動(dòng)和完成,?？蓳Q用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)完成式；如果只表示被動(dòng),不表示完成,那么不可換用。例：1.Readmanytimes(=havingbeenredmanytimes),thecrabbedstoryseemsmucheasier.讀過(guò)多遍,這個(gè)深?yuàn)W的故事似乎變得容易多了?！脖硎颈粍?dòng)和完成〕2.Seenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksmorebeautiful.從山頂上看,這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗?！脖硎颈粍?dòng)〕表示“為了……〞,常用不定式作狀語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間與句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作時(shí)間相比,是將來(lái)。例：Tosleeplateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.為了明天早上可以睡得晚點(diǎn),Bob把鬧鐘關(guān)了?！倦S堂練習(xí)】單項(xiàng)選擇“Youcan’tcatchme!〞Janeshouted,Baway.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ranATohospitalintime,thewoundedsoldiersweresavedatlast.A.TakenB.TakingC.HavingtakenD.BeingtakenThereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,Batthenightsky.A.tostareB.staringC.staredD.havingstaredLastnight,IsawWeiweilyinginbed,Aindeepthought.A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.beinglostHewenttobedB.Thenextmorninghewokeuponlyhimselflyingonthefloor.A.drinking;tofindB.drunk;tofindC.beingdrunk;findingD.todrink;findingBThecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.TobeapproachedTomtookataxitotheairport,onlyBhisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefoundAbyagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.HavingdrivenTheoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happyAanythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatchedDtime,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given【課后練習(xí)】單項(xiàng)選擇WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,BmestoriestillIfeelasleep.A.havingtoldB.tellingC.toldD.totellHesatontheplatform,Ctoanswerthequestion.A.prepareB.preparingC.preparedD.toprepareBintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.HavingtranslatedGeorgereturnedafterthewar,onlyAthathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.toldWewereastonishedBthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefoundCOurselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.A.HavingfreedB.FreedC.TofreeD.FreeingWhenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycameAback.A.floodingB.tofloodC.floodD.floodedAWiththesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.A.WhencomparedB.TocompareC.WhilecomparingD.ItcomparedMorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,Aitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmadeAsmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,Ballfourpeopleonboard.A.killedB.killingC.killsD.tokil