Chinese-Poetry-中國(guó)詩(shī)歌介紹-英文版

ChinesePoetryClassicalChinesepoetry

中國(guó)古典詩(shī)歌ModernChinesepoetry

中國(guó)現(xiàn)代詩(shī)歌ClassicalChinesepoetrySincetheburningofbooksbyQinShihuang,theearliestextantanthologiesaretheShiJingandChuCi,datingtotheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriod,respectively.

ShiJing(詩(shī)經(jīng)"ClassicofPoetry")wasthefirstmajorsurvivingcollectionofChinesepoems,collectingbotharistocraticpoems(Odes)andmorerusticpoetry,probablyderivedfromfolksongs(Songs).Theyaremostlycomposedoffour-character(四言)lines.Asecond,morelyricalandromanticanthologywasChuCi(楚辭"SongsofChu"),madeupprimarilyofpoemsascribedtoQuYuanandhisfollowerSongYu.Thesepoemsarecomposedoflinesofirregularlengths,inthestyleprevalentinthestateofChu.Beginningsofthetradition:

關(guān)關(guān)雎鳩，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。參差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)。參差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。參差荇菜，左右毛之。窈窕淑女，鐘鼓樂(lè)之。關(guān)雎ClassicalChinesepoetry中國(guó)古典詩(shī)歌ShiCi〔Song〕“ancient-style”gushipoetry〔古體詩(shī)〕唐以前詩(shī)歌及唐以后詩(shī)人仿作“recent-style”jintishipoetry〔近體詩(shī)〕形成于唐代ChineseSanqupoetry(散曲)Yuanopera(元雜劇〕Qu〔Yuan〕小令〔五十八字以內(nèi)〕中調(diào)〔五十九字至九十字〕長(zhǎng)調(diào)〔九十一字以上〕ClassicalChinesepoetry古體詩(shī)四言古詩(shī)(出現(xiàn)最早的是《詩(shī)經(jīng)》，另一代表是曹操詩(shī))雜言詩(shī)〔可歸入七言古詩(shī)〕《登幽州臺(tái)歌》七言古詩(shī)〔成熟于唐代，簡(jiǎn)稱七古〕五言古詩(shī)〔成熟于漢代，簡(jiǎn)稱五古〕ClassicalChinesepoetry近體詩(shī)絕句律詩(shī)五言絕句〔五絕〕《江雪》七言絕句〔七絕〕《早發(fā)白帝城》五言律詩(shī)〔五律〕《春望》七言律詩(shī)〔七律〕《聞官軍收河南河北》排律〔八句以上的律詩(shī)〕Poetryofparticular(dynastic)periods:ClassicalChinesepoetryHanpoetryJian'anpoetrySixDynastiespoetryTangpoetrySongpoetryYuanpoetryClassicalChinesepoetryduringthe

HanDynasty,afolk-songstyleofpoetrybecamepopular,knownas

Yuefu

(樂(lè)府)“MusicBureau”poems,sonamedbecauseofthegovernment‘sroleincollectingsuchpoems,althoughintimesomepoetsbegancomposingoriginalworksin

Yuefustyle.Many

Yuefu

poemsarecomposedoffive-character(五言)orseven-character(七言)lines,incontrasttothefour-characterlinesofearliertimes.AcharacteristicformofHanDynastyliteratureisthe

Fu〔賦〕.Hanpoetry：ClassicalChinesepoetryTheFourMajorPoetofHanfu：SimaXiangruYangXiongZhangHengBanGuClassicalChinesepoetryJian'anpoetry：Jian’anpoety

referstothosepoeticmovementsoccurringduringthefinalyearsofthefailingHanDynastyandcontinuingtheirdevelopmentintothebeginningoftheSixDynastiesperiod.Typicalpoetsofthisperiodare

CaoCao,CaoPi,CaoZhi東臨碣石，以觀滄海。水何澹澹，山島竦峙。樹木叢生，百草豐茂。秋風(fēng)蕭瑟，洪波涌起。日月之行，假設(shè)出其中；星漢燦爛，假設(shè)出其里。幸甚至哉！歌以詠志。觀滄海ClassicalChinesepoetryTheSixDynastieseracoversthreemainperiods:theThreeKingdoms(220–280),JinDynasty(265–420),andSouthernandNorthernDynasties(420–589).Thegreat"fieldsandgarden"poet,TaoYuanming,thegreatandhighlypersonalpoetwhowasnotedforspeakinginhisownvoiceratherthanapersonaoranonymously.SixDynastiespoetry：結(jié)廬在人境，而無(wú)車馬喧。問(wèn)君何能爾，心遠(yuǎn)地自偏。采菊東籬下，悠然見(jiàn)南山。山氣日夕佳，飛鳥相與還。此中有真意，欲辨已忘言?！讹嬀啤菲湮錍lassicalChinesepoetryAhighpointofclassicalChinesepoetryoccurredduringtheTangperiod(618-907);Poetrywasintegratedintoalmosteveryaspectoftheprofessionalandsociallifeoftheliterateclass,includingbecomingpartoftheImperialexaminationstakenbyanyonewantingagovernmentpost;Overtime,someTangpoetrybecamemorerealistic,morenarrativeandmorecriticalofsocialnorms;ThepoetryoftheTangDynastyremainsinfluentialtoday.Tangpoetry：ClassicalChinesepoetryEarlyTang:FourHeroesofEarlyTangYangJiongWangBoLuZhaolinLuoBinwangClassicalChinesepoetryZhangjiuling,HeZhizhang

Themostfamous:LiBai,DuFu

(Li-Du)The“FieldsandGardensPoetsGroup”(田園詩(shī)派)：

MengHaoran,WangWeiThe“BordersandFrontierFortressPoetsGroup”(田園詩(shī)派)：

GaoShi，CenCen，WangChangling,WangZhihuan,CuiHao

HighTang:ClassicalChinesepoetryTheLandscapeStylePoem(山水詩(shī))：

LiuChangqing,WeiYingwuBaiJuyi,HanYu,MengJiao,LiuYusi,LiuZongyuan,LiHeMiddleTang:LateTang:DuMu，LiShangyin〔LittleLi-Du〕WenTingyun,WeiZhuangClassicalChinesepoetryBytheSongDynasty(960-1279),anotherformofpoetry,theCi(詞)—newlyricswrittenaccordingtothesetrhythmsofexistingtunes.Eachcipoemislabeled"Tothetuneof[TuneName]"(調(diào)寄[詞牌])andfitsthemeterandrhymeofthetune.Thetitlesofcipoemsarenotnecessarilyrelatedtotheirsubjectmatter,andmanypoemsmayshareatitle.Intermsoftheircontent,Cipoetrymostoftenexpressedfeelingsofdesire.Songpoetry：ClassicalChinesepoetryOuYangxiuWangAnshiSushiSuZheLiuYongLiQingzhaoZhouBangyan

YanShuHuangTingjian

TheNorthernSongDynasty:ClassicalChinesepoetryTheSouthernSongDynasty:LuYouJiangKui〔姜夔〕XinQijiClassicalChinesepoetryMajordevelopmentsofpoetryduringtheYuanDynasty(1271–1368)includedthedevelopmentoftypesofpoetrywrittentofixed-tonepatterns,suchasfortheYuanopera〔元雜劇〕librettos.AftertheSongDynasty,thesetrhythmsoftheCicametobereflectedintheset-rhythmpiecesofChineseSanqupoetry(散曲),afreerformbasedonnewpopularsongsanddramaticarias,thatdevelopedandlastedintotheMingDynasty(14th-17thcenturies).Yuanpoetry：ClassicalChinesepoetryFourplaywrightsofYuanPoetry：

GuangHanqingMaZhiyuanBaPuZhengGuangzu《倩女離魂》《竇娥冤》《天凈沙·秋思》《青衫淚》《唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨》ClassicalChinesepoetryzhangYanghao《西廂記》《山坡羊·潼關(guān)心古》WangShifuClassicalChinesepoetry詩(shī)經(jīng)—楚辭—樂(lè)府—賦—唐詩(shī)—宋詞—元曲總體順序總結(jié)ModernChinesepoetryModernChinesepoems("newpoetry"新詩(shī)

)usuallydonotfollowanyprescribedpattern.PoetrywasrevolutionizedaftertheMayFourthMovementwhenwriterstrytousevernacularstylesclosertowhatwasbeingspoken(baihua)ratherthanpreviouslyprescribedforms.ModernChinesepoetryEarly20th-centurypoetslikeXuZhimo,GuoMoruoandWenYiduosoughttobreakChinesepoetryfrompastconventionsbyadoptingWesternmodels.Mode