2023年12月英語四級押題密卷（NO.3）

2023年12月英語四級押題密卷（NO.3）（NO.3）PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoofferyoursuggestionstoyourcousinwhosoughtyouradviceonhowtomakehisresumedistinctive.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartII ListeningComprehension (25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Two. B)Three. C)Four. D)Five.A)Hecalledthepoliceaftertheaccident.Hebrokehisarmintheaccident.Hewascaughttakingdrugs.Hewasarrestedbythepolice.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.Acuretobraincancer.instrument.thatcanidentifycanceroustissue.drugthatcaneliminatecanceroustissue.A)Findingtheborderbetweenthecancerousandnormaltissue.Identifyingtheaccuracyrateofthenewdevice.Improvingtheirspeedofremovingatumour.Usingthenewdeviceinbrainsurgery.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.dataonit. C)Totakephotosofthestormonit.stormonit. itsenvironment.A)Ithaslastedfornearly350years. B)Ithaslastedformorethat350months.begettingsmaller. D)Itseemstobegettinglarger.initiallycausedthestorm. C)Whatistheimpactofthestorm.Whatisunderneaththestorm. D)Whatmakesthestormlastforsolong.SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)It’sfordisabledadults. B)It’sinasportscentre.It’srewardingandchallenging. D)It’scompulsiveinhercommunity.A)Theskillstheyneed. B)Theproductstheyhave.C)Themarkettheytarget. D)Thelanguagetheyrequire.strategies.B)Reducecostsandjobs.C)Learnfromothercompanies. D)Listentotheopinionsofexperts.A)Thesalaryandtheworkload.Theofficehourandthepenaltysystem.Thewelfareandtheholidaysystem.Theethicalpolicyandthecarbonfootprint.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Double-deckerbuses.ThetrafficinLondon.Busroutes.TravelsinBritain.A)Ithasnowindows.Peoplegetontoitatthefront.Ithastwocarriages.Itisopenattheback.A)Uncomfortable. B)Noisy. A)Bendybusescanhelpreducethetrafficjam.Bendybusesaremoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Bendybusesareconvenientforpeopleinwheelchairs.Bendybusesaremorepopularamongtourists.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theyhadfourtoes.Theywerenotasbigasdogs.SouthAmerica.Theylivedinthickforests.A)Theyhadlonglegsandalongtail.Theyweresmallerandhadfronteyes.Theybegantoeatgrassaswellasfruit.Theywerebiggerandhadlonglegs.intodonkeysinAsiaandAfrica.TheyusedtheirlonglegstorunsouthtoSouthAfrica.TheybegantoeatapplesontheNorthAmericanplains.Theypreferredgrasstofruitandvegetables.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Beingrejectedbyfriendsandteachers.Stayingawayfromhisnativeland.Adaptingtonewstudyexpectations.Keepingabalancebetweenstudyandjob.A)Talkingwitholderbrothersorsisters. C)Startingaconversationwithclosefriends.withacollegestudent. D)Playingwithfriendsonthesamesportsteam.A)Followtraditionsofwithacollegestudent. C)Respectthecustomsofdifferentcolleges.possible.D)Takeothers’adviceasreferenceonly.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A) toharmwildlife. C)Theyarethrownawayeverywhere.Theyarehardlyrecyclable. D)Theyaremadefromuselessmaterials.A)Itisfatal. B)Itisweird.Itisveryserious. D)Itiscomplicated.A)Theseacreaturesthathavetakeninthenareconsumedbyhumans.Theocean’secologyhasbeenpollutedandaffectedhumans.Humanseattheseabirdsthathaveswallowedplasticparticles.Humansconsumethefishthathaveeatenseacreatureswiththem.A)Itsusehasbeendrasticallyreduced. C)Mostproductsusenaturalmaterials.B)Itisstillanindispensablematerial. D)Theuseofplasticitemswillbecharged.PartⅢ ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Athirdoftheplanet’slandisseverelydegradedandfertilesoilisbeinglostattherateof24bntonnesayear,accordingtoanewUnitedNations-backedstudythatcallsforashiftawayfromdestructivelyintensiveagriculture,Thealarming26,whichisforecasttocontinueasdemandforfoodandproductivelandincreases,willofconflictsunless27actionsareimplemented,warnstheinstitutionbehindthereport.“Asthereadysupplyofhealthyandproductivelanddriesupandthepopulationgrows,competitionis28forlandwithincountriesandglobally,”saidexecutivesecretaryoftheUNConventiontoCombatDesertification(UNCCD)atthelaunchoftheGlobalLandOutlook.“To29thelosses,theoutlooksuggestsitisinallourintereststostepbackandrethinkhowwearemanagingthepressuresandthecompetition.”TheGlobalLandOutlookis30asthemostcomprehensivestudyofitstype,mappingtheinterlinkedimpactsofurbanization,climatechange,erosionandforestloss.Butthebiggestfactoristhe31ofindustrialfarming.Heavytilling,multipleharvestsans32useofagrochemicalshaveincreasedyieldsatthe33oflong-termsustainability.Ifthepast20years,agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled,notesapaperintheoutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)oftheEuropeancommission.Overtime,however,this34fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand 35desertification.absorbabsorbabundantbilleddeclinediminishesexpansionexpenseintensifyinglimitedminimizeoccasionallyoptimizesrateremedialultimatelySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TakeNapsatWork.ApologizetoNoOneInthepasttwoweeksI’vetakenthreenapsatwork,atotalofanhourorsoofshut-eyewhileontheclock.AndIhavenoshameoruncertaintyaboutdoingit.Icouldn’tfeelbetteraboutit,andmyproductivityreflectsit,too.Sleepingonthejobisoneofthoseworkplacetaboos-likeleavingyourdeskforlunchortakinganafternoonwalk-thatwe’retaughttolookdownon.Ifsomeonenapsat2p.m.whiletherestofusfuriouslywritememosandrespondtoemails,surelyitmustmeanthey’reslackingoff偷懶Orsotheassumptiongoes.Restfulnessandrechargingcantakeabackseattotheperceptionandappearanceofproductivity.It’seasiertostayonavirtualhamster倉鼠)wheelofactivitybyimmediatelyrespondingtoeveryemailthanitistomeasureaggregateproductivityoveragreaterperiodoftime.Butagrowingfieldofoccupationalandpsychologicalresearchisbuildingthecaseforrestfulnessinpursuitofgreaterproductivity.Companiesaresufferingfromtremendousproductivityproblemsbecausepeoplearestressedoutandnotrecoveringfromtheworkday,saidJoshBersin,PrincipalandFounderofBersinbyDeloitte.“They’rebeginningtorealizethatthisistheirproblem,andtheycan’tjustsaytopeople,‘Here’sawork-lifebalancecourse,goteachBersinsaid.“It’swaymorecomplicatedthanthat.”Tobesure,theabilitytonapatworkisfarfromwidespread,expertssaid.Fewamongushavetheluxuryofbeingabletostepawayforahalf-hoursnoozefest.Butlunchhoursandcoffeebreakscanbegreattimestoduckout,andyourincreasedproductivityandalertnesswillbealltheevidenceyouneedtomakeyourcasetoinquiringbosses.Inanidealworld,we’dallsolvethisproblembyunpluggingearlyandgettingagoodnight’ssleep.Here’sourguideonhowtodojustthat.Butthenextbestthingisstealingawayforaquickpowernapwhenyou’redraggingafterlunch.InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience,researcherstestedsubjectsontheirperceptualperformancefourtimesthroughouttheday.Performancedeterioratedwitheachtest,butsubjectswhotooka30-minutenapstoppedthedeteriorationinperformance,andthosewhotooka60-minutenapevenreversedit.“Napshadthesamemagnitudeofbenefitsasfullnightsofsleepiftheyhadaqualityofnap.”saidSarastudyandassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.Dr.Mednick,asleepresearcherandtheauthorofTakeaNap!ChangeYourLife,saiddaytimenappingbenefitsofovernightsleep,anddifferenttypesofnapsofferspecificbenefits.Forexample,Dr.Mednicksaida20-to60-minutenapmighthelpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation.It’sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep,ornon-rapideyemovement(R.E.M.)sleep.After60minutes,youstartgettingintoR.E.M.sleep,mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep,dreamingstateweallenjoyatnightR.E.M.sleepcanimprovecreativity,perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking,whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas,Dr.Mednicksaid.Beyondthat,yourbestbetisa90-minutenap,whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.Anynap,however,canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday,expertssaid.Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied(緊密相連)toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology,butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.indenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,”Mr.Bersinsaid.“Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools,moreemails,moreSlack,morechatter,andwe’lljustassumetheycanfigureouthowtodealwithitall.AndIthinkthey’vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem,anditisaffectingproductivity,engagement,health,safety,wellnessandallsortsofthings.”Itisn’tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta(午睡).A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedattheatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.“They’reactiveinthemorning,thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime,butthey’renotgenerallynapping,”saidJeromeSiegel,professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences,anddirectoroftheU.C.L.A.CenterforSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy.“Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep,andtheysleepthroughthenight.”Still,Mr.Siegelsaid,“theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight’ssleep.”TherealHolyGrailofrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight,whichexpertssayisoptimal.“Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,”Mr.Siegelsaid.“Butit’snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning,evenifyoucan’tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight,Thishelpsacclimate使適應(yīng))yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime,regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.Soifyou’vemadeitthisfarandyou’reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here’saquickguidetotheperfectnap;Findaquiet,unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon’tbedisturbed.Trytomakeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).Earplugsmighthelp.too.Aimforaround20minutes.Anylongerthanthatandyou’relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia性，whichwillleaveyouevengroggier頭腦昏沉的thanbefore.Participants’perceptualperformancebecamebetteraftersleepingonehourbetweentestsinanarticleinNatureNeuroscience.JeromeSiegelfoundthatonlybysleepingsoundlythroughthepreviousnightcouldpeopletackletheirwearinessduringtheday.Ourtalentiscloselyboundtoworkingwithconcentrationforlongperiodsoftimebecausetechnologymakesusaccessible24/7.Takinganapatworkisnormallyregardedaslazinessthatshouldbeheldincontemptandavoidedinworkplace.Between20to60minutes,peoplecangetintonon-REMsleepwhichmayimprovememoryandlearningabilityaccordingtoDr.Mednick.Peoplecandozeoffatlunchandcoffeebreaksanddefendedthemselvesbysayingtheirimprovedproductivityandalertnesswhenbossesinvestigatedtheirwhereabouts.Theauthor’stipsontakingaperfectnapinvolvesleepingplace,environmentandduration.Theauthorbelievesbusinessleadersareawarethatavailabilityatanytimeduetotechnologyhasnegativeeffectsoneveryaspectofpeople’slife.lengthofanapwasanhourandahalfsothatpeoplecouldgothroughacompletesleepcycle.JoshBersinmentionedthecauseofcompanies’bigproductivityproblemsandthesolutionwhichneedsmorethatjustemployees’efforts.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Everyofficeworkerhatesmeetings.Butit’sastrangesortofhate,similartothehatredofLondonersfortheNorthernLine,orNewYorkersfortouristswhowalktooslowly:thedislikeisreal,yetifthedespisedthingweretovanish,it’dbelikesurrenderingapieceofyoursoul.Whenresearchersprobedintowhypeopleputupwiththestrainthatmeetingsplaceontheirtimeandsanity,theyfoundsomething-thosewhoresentanddreadmeetingsthemoatalsodefendthemasa“necessaryevil”,sometimeswithgreatpassion.True,researchsuggeststhatmeetingstakeupvastlymoreoftheaveragemanager’stimethantheyusedto.True,donebadly,they’reassociatedwithlowerlevelsofinnovationandemployeewellbeing幸福.Butthat’sjustofficeliferight?It’snotsupposedtobefun.That’swhytheycallitwork.Underlying(引起thisattitudeisanassumptionthat’sdrummedintousnotjustasworkersbutaschildren,parentsandromanticpartners;thatmorecommunicationisalwaysagoodthing.Sosuggestionsaboundfor(大量存在)communicatingbetterinmeetings-forexample,holdthemstandingup,sospeakerswillcometothepointmorequickly.Butevenwhensomecompaniesconsiderabolishingmeetingsentirely,theprinciplethatmorecommunicationisbetterisn’tquestioned.Ifanything,it’sreinforcedwhensuchfirmsintroduce“flat”managementstructures,withbossesalwaysavailabletoeveryone,plusplentyofelectronicdistraction.Infact,constantconnectivityisdisastrousforbothjobsatisfactionandthebottomline.Andanyway,onceyougiveitthreeseconds’thought,isn’titcleatthatmorecommunicationfrequentlyisn’tagoodthing?Often,thedifferencebetweenasuccessfulmarriageandasecond-rateoneconsistsofleavingaboutthreeorfourthingsadayunsaid.Atwork,it’ssurelymanymorethanfour,thoughforadifferentreason;officecommunicationcomesatthecostofpreciselythekindoffocusthat’sessentialtogoodwork.Yetwe’resoaccustomedtoseeingtalkingasasourceofsolutions-forresolvingconflictsorfindingnewideas-thatit’shardtoseewhenitistheproblem.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmeetings?wellastheNorthernLine.workers’physicalandspiritualhealth.Workersmightbereluctanttogiveupthemcompletely.NewYorkersdislikemeetingsmorethanLondoners.Whatdidresearchersfindaboutpeople’sattitudetowardsmeeting?A.Theirattitudeandbehaviorareparadoxical.themostareseniorinsane.wholikemeetingsmightbeconsideredinsane.Moremeetingsareregardedasasignoflessinnovation.Whydopeoplethinkthatmorecommunicationisalwaysagoodthing?Becausetheconceptisfirmlybelievedbyworkers.Becauseeveryonelovestocommunicatewithothers.Becausetheideahasbeeninstilledintopeople’smind.Becausecommunicationisvitalforbuildingrelationships.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe“flat”managementstructure?Itforcesbossestofrequentlycontacttheiremployees.employees’bottomlineofwork.adisastertoemployees’jobsatisfaction.Itstrengthenspeople’sdeeply-rootednotionofcommunication.Whatistheauthor’sargumentaboutofficecommunication?Itisaneffectivewaytosolveofficeconflicts.Itaffectsworkefficiencyinanegativeway.Itshouldcometoahaltatintervals.Itisusefulforworkerstofindnewideas.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheInternethasenabledthespreadofinformationatlightningspeed.Thisinformationrevolutionhascreatedtremendousbusinessopportunitiesforonlinepublishers,butnotallofthemmaintainproperquality-controlmechanismstoensurethatonlygoodinformationisbeingshared.Instead,manypublishersaimsimplytomakemoneybywhatevermeanspossible,withnoregardfortheimplicationsforsocietyatlarge.Whenselfishpublisherssetupshopsonline,theprimarygoalistopublishasmuchaspossible,oftenatthecostofquality.Inthisrespect,manypublishersstartnumerousonlinejournalsfocusedonoverlapping(重疊的)disciplines—toincreasetheirtotalnumberofpublishedpapers—andhireyoungbusinessmanagerswhodonothaveanyexperienceineitherscienceorpublishing.Insomecases,onlinepublishersevengiveuppeerreview,whilestillpresentingthemselvesasscientificjournals—deceptiondesignedtotakeadvantageofscientistswhosimplywanttosharetheirresearch.Ifpublishersstructuretheirbusinesstomakemorerevenue,itoftendoesharmtotheirproducts.Whenpublishersstartjournalswithoverlappingdomains,incombinationwiththepressuretopublishmorestudies,thiscouldpromotethepublicationofmarginalorevenquestionablearticles.Moreover,publisherswithmultipleoverlappingjournalsandjournalswithverynarrowspecialties(專業(yè))increasethedemandsonthetimeandeffortsofwillingreviewers.Withthefactthatreviewersaregenerallynotcompensatedfortheirtimeandeffort,journaleditorsareoftenunabletofindenoughreviewerstokeepupwiththeincreasedpublicationrate.Toimprovethesituationandincreasethetrustinscientificcommunity,thepressuretopublishmustbereduced.Fundingandpromot