統(tǒng)考版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)必修5Unit13People課時提能練含解析北師大版

一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品資料(高中)PAGE1-課時提能練(二十五)必修5Unit13People(A)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·南昌市一模)Theremainsofanancientape(猿)foundinaBavarianclaysiterecentlycaughtpeople'seye.Accordingtoscientists，theymayrenewpeople'sopiniononwhenhumans'ancestorsbeganstandingupright.AninternationalteamofresearcherssaidthefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermanyboreastrikingresemblance(相似之處)tomodernhumanbones.InapaperpublishedbythejournalNature，theyconcludedthatthepreviouslyunknownspecies—namedDanuviusguggenmosi—couldwalkontwolegsbutalsoclimblikeanape.Thefindings“raisefundamentalquestionsaboutourpreviousunderstandingoftheevolutionofthegreatapesandhumans，”saidMadelaineBoehme，wholedtheresearch.ThequestionofwhenapescouldwalkontwolegshasfascinatedscientistssinceCharlesDarwinfirstarguedthattheyweretheancestorsofhumans.Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumai.Boehme，alongwithresearchersfromBulgaria，CanadaandtheUnitedStates，examinedmorethan15,000bonesrecoveredfromthearchaeologicalremains.Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(靈長目動物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago.Themostcomplete，anadultmale，likelystoodabout1metertall，weighed31kilogramsandlookedsimilartomodern-daybonobos，aspeciesofthechimpanzee.Likehumans，DanuviushadanS-shapedbackbonetoholditsbodyuprightwhilestanding.Unlikehumans，though，ithadapowerfulbigtoethatwouldhaveallowedittograbbrancheswithitsfooteasily.FredSpoor，apaleontologistattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon，calledthefossilfinds“fantastic”butsaidtheywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers，notleastbecausetheycouldchallengemanyexistingideasaboutevolution.〖語篇解讀〗本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家新發(fā)現(xiàn)的古猿遺骨的相關(guān)情況，并指出這可能會刷新人們關(guān)于何時人類的祖先開始直立的觀點(diǎn)。1．Wheredidthescientistsfindthebones?A．Germany. B．Bulgaria.C．Kenya. D．Brazil.A〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“thefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermany”可知，科學(xué)家在德國發(fā)現(xiàn)了古猿遺骨，故選A?！?．WhatcanweinferaboutDanuvius?A．ItcouldmakeS-shapedtools.B．Itwasaspeciesofthechimpanzee.C．ItlivedinCreteandKenya.D．ItexistedmuchearlierthanToumai.D〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumai”和第五段中的“Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(靈長目動物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago”可推知，Danuvius生活的時期比Toumai早得多，故選D?！?．HowdoesSpoorfeelaboutthefinding?A．Itoffersfurthersupportforthetheoryofevolution.B．Itmaycausemuchdebate.C．Itisafantasticfinding.D．Itdeniesthepreviousideas.B〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“theywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers”可推知，Spoor認(rèn)為這項發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會引起很多爭議，故選B?！?．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheSecretsRevealedfromFossilsB．LegendofHumans'AncestorsC．FindingsAgainsttheTheoryofEvolutionD．TheOldestExampleofUprightApeFoundinaBavarianClaySiteD〖標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一項考古發(fā)現(xiàn)，通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，第一段概括了全文的主要內(nèi)容，由此可知，D項最適合作本篇文章的標(biāo)題?！紹(2020·長春市普通高中質(zhì)量監(jiān)測二)Anargumentisanexchangeofviewsbetweenpeoplewhodonotagreewitheachother.Someargumentsturnintoangryquarrels.Suppose，afriendborrowedyourcarandleftitfulloffastfoodrubbish.Whatifyoudealtwiththesituationthisway：YOU:Whydidyouleaveallthattrashinmycar?It'sanabsolutemess，andI'mtiredofyoualwaysbeingsoinconsiderate.FRIEND:Lookwho'stalking.You'resuchaslob(邋遢鬼)thatIdidn'tthinkyou'dnotice.Howdidaminorincidentturnintosuchanunpleasantexchange?Youwereangryandfeelingasthoughyourkindnesswasbeingabused.Soinsteadoftalkingwithyourfriend，youyelledathim.“Whydidyou”wasachallenge.That'swhyyourfriendimmediatelywentonthedefensiveandyelledback.Nowtheargumentisover.Infact，youdon'tfeelsatisfiedwiththefactthatyou'vetoldhimoff!In_the_heat_of_the_moment，hesaidsomethingthathurtsyourfeelings.Andperhapsyoudidn'treallymeanwhatyousaid.Howcanyouavoidsuchsituations?Learntoargueinabetterway.Trysomethinglikethis：YOU:Idon'tlikeitwhenyouleavetrashinmycar.Itmakesmefeellikeyoudon'trespectme.FRIEND:You'reright.Itwasveryinconsiderate.Iwon'tdoitagain.Beforespeaking，takeadeepbreathandgetcontrolofyouranger.Thewordsyouusewillletyourfriendknowspecificallywhatisbotheringyouandmostimportantly，treathimwithrespect.Sohewillrespondinthesameway.Alsonoticethatbegintheargumentwiththepronoun“I”．Anargumentbeginningwith“Youdid...”isgenerallyachallenge.Whatusuallyfollowsiscriticismoraninsult.Anditgoesdownhillfastfromthere.Using“I”inargumentswon'teliminatealldisagreements，butitcancertainlycutdownontheyelling.〖語篇解讀〗本文以一個例子為主線，介紹了在爭論中應(yīng)學(xué)會使用代詞“我”。這雖不能消除所有的分歧，但它確實可以減少爭吵，使交流更順暢。5．Howmayyoufeelafteranunpleasantargumentwithyourfriend?A．Dissatisfiedandregretful.B．Stillwantingtoargue.C．Satisfiedwiththeyell.D．Challengedbytheargument.A〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“youdon'tfeelsatisfied”“Andperhapsyoudidn'treallymeanwhatyousaid”可推知，在與朋友發(fā)生不愉快的爭論后，你可能會不高興并后悔。故選A?！?．Whichcanprobablyreplacetheunderlinedphrase“Intheheatofthemoment”？A．Whenitwashotoutside.B．Whenthetalkbecameexciting.C．Whentheargumentgotemotional.D．Whenyourfriendwaswarmerthanever.C〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)畫線部分后的“hesaidsomethingthathurtsyourfeelings”可知，他說了一些傷害你感情的話。并結(jié)合語境可推知，畫線短語的含義與C項“當(dāng)爭論變得情緒化時”意思相符。故選C?！?．Whichsentencemightbeusedinan“I”argument?A．Youaremakingmefeelbad.B．What'sthematterwithyou?C．Whatonearthareyoutellingme?D．Itmakesmefeelbadwhenhearingthat.D〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Itmakesmefeellikeyoudon'trespectme”以及最后兩段的內(nèi)容可知，D項符合題意。〗8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Winningargumentswithotherpeople.B．Makingsurethatpeopledowhatyouwant.C．Usingthe“I”methodtocommunicatebetter.D．Avoidinghavingdisagreementwithfriends.C〖主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，最后一段“Using‘I’inarguments...cutdownontheyelling”為全文的中心句，并結(jié)合文章其他內(nèi)容可知，本文通過一個例子介紹了在爭論中使用代詞“我”會使交流更順暢。故選C?！舰?完形填空(2020·湖北省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)第一次聯(lián)考)IjusttookpartinmyfirstMid-AutumnFestivalcelebrationinChina.__1__aweekafterarrivingformygraduatestudies，Iwaskindofhomesick—memoriesofpast__2__backinKenyawithmyfamilyandfriendsappearinginmymind.OnthemorningofFriday，September13th，the__3__onthecampuswasverycheerful.Chinesestudentsexplainedtoustheimportanceofthedayasgiftsofmooncakeswere__4__.Thencamethenight.Thefullmoonhung__5__intheskyasifitwereabouttofall.Millionsofeyeslookedatitwith__6__.Unlikepreviousnights，acoolbreezesweptthroughthecampus.WithAfricanmusicplayingonmyheadphones，Idancedinmyway，__7__inthewind，andforgettingmyselfforamoment.AsI__8__tomyroom，Iwasfascinatedbythefestival'sidea.My__9__mindpushedmeonlinewhereIcameacrossthepoem“PreludetoWaterMelody”(《水調(diào)歌頭》)，bythewell-knownChinesewriterSuDongpo.ThispoemconciselyseizedwhatIwas__10__.Themessageandthetonebothresonated(引起共鳴)withmyfeelings.Suwonderedwhattimeitwasintheskywhilewritingthepoem.__11__thetimedifferencesbetweenChinaandKenya，Iwasconstantlytryingto__12__whattimeitwasbackathome.Finally，Suaskedhisfamilytojoinhimin__13__thetimelessperfectionofafullmoonina__14__night.Whatagoodwaytofinish!I，too，washopingthatallwaswellwithmyfamily.Despitethedistanceand__15__thatcomeswithnotseeingorhearingfromalovedone，wewereallflourishing(健康幸福)whenadmiringthe__16__moon.Andwhilewemaygoawayfromhome，ashappensfromtimetotime；thefamilyremainsthemostimportant__17__toourexistence.AstheChineseusedtheholidayto__18__withthelovedones，theKenyancommunityalsogottogether，sharedamealandwalkedonthestreetsundertheneonlights.AsIwrotethis，adayaftertheFestival，Icouldn'thelpbutlookforwardtothenext.ThankmyChinesefriends，whose__19__mademeandacrowdofotherforeignstudentsexperiencean__20__Mid-AutumnFestival.〖語篇解讀〗“我”是一位來自肯尼亞的留學(xué)生，在剛來中國的時候，“我”有些想家，但恰逢中國的中秋節(jié)，“我”和中國朋友一起過了一個難忘的中秋節(jié)；回到房間后，“我”在網(wǎng)上看到了蘇東坡的詞，體會到其所傳遞的情感之后，“我”的思鄉(xiāng)之情變成了對家人的美好祝福。1．A.Properly B．TypicallyC．Exactly D．SimilarlyC〖根據(jù)下文中的“Iwaskindofhomesick”可推知，“我”應(yīng)該剛到中國上學(xué)不久。由此可知，此處表示“我”來中國正好一周的時間。故選C?！?．A.collections B．experiencesC．hobbies D．expectationsB〖根據(jù)本句中的“homesick”及“memories”可知，“我”懷念在肯尼亞和家人、朋友在一起的那些經(jīng)歷。故選B?！?．A.atmosphere B．sceneryC．a(chǎn)rchitecture D．traditionA〖根據(jù)本句中的“cheerful”以及文章所提到的中秋節(jié)這個背景可知，當(dāng)時因為是中秋節(jié)，所以校園里的氛圍非常令人愉快。故選A?！?．A.missed B．surroundedC．recovered D．exchangedD〖根據(jù)中秋節(jié)這一背景，以及句中的“gifts”可知，在中秋節(jié)那天，人們把月餅作為禮物交換。故選D?！?．A.unstably B．proudlyC．constantly D．permanentlyA〖根據(jù)下文中的“asifitwereabouttofall”可知，月亮看起來似乎要掉下來了。由此可推知，當(dāng)時的滿月不穩(wěn)固地掛在天空。故選A。A項意為“不穩(wěn)固地”；D項意為“永久地”?！?．A.terror B．a(chǎn)dmirationC．doubt D．mercyB〖根據(jù)上文中的“thecampuswasverycheerful”以及該空前的“Millionsofeyeslookedatit”可知，此處表示無數(shù)雙眼睛都在贊賞地注視著月亮，即賞月。故選B。〗7．A.lying B．divingC．struggling D．floatingD〖根據(jù)語境可知，“我”的耳機(jī)里播放著非洲音樂，“我”隨著音樂舞動，在風(fēng)中飄動。故選D?！?．A.hurried B．calledC．returned D．rodeC〖根據(jù)空后的“tomyroom”可知，“我”在校園里賞月之后，回到了房間。故選C?！?．A.surprising B．curiousC．nervous D．upsetB〖根據(jù)空前的“Iwasfascinatedbythefestival'sidea”以及本句中的“pushedmeonline”可知，“我”對這個節(jié)日的構(gòu)思很感興趣，因此好奇心促使“我”在網(wǎng)上查閱有關(guān)中秋節(jié)的信息。故選B?！?0．A.goingthrough B．standingforC．takingup D．puttingoffA〖根據(jù)下文中的“Themessageandthetonebothresonated(引起共鳴)withmyfeelings”可知，這首詞所傳遞的信息和基調(diào)都與“我”的感受產(chǎn)生了共鳴。由此可知，此處表示這首詞簡明地抓住了“我”正在經(jīng)歷的事。故選A。A項意為“經(jīng)歷”；B項意為“代表”；C項意為“占據(jù)”；D項意為“推遲”?！?1．A.Assuming B．DiscussingC．Considering D．ExpressingC〖根據(jù)上文中的“Suwonderedwhattimeitwasinthesky”可推知，通過體會蘇東坡當(dāng)時的所思所感，考慮到中國與肯尼亞的時差，“我”一直試著弄清楚當(dāng)時在“我”的家鄉(xiāng)是什么時間。故選C?！?2．A.figureout B．a(chǎn)ppealtoC．bringabout D．careforA〖參見上題〖解析〗。A項意為“弄清楚”；B項意為“呼吁，上訴”；C項意為“引起”；D項意為“照顧，非常喜歡”。〗13．A.communicating B．a(chǎn)cquiringC．representing D．enjoyingD〖根據(jù)空后的“thetimelessperfectionofafullmoon”可知，此處表示蘇東坡在詞中邀請他的家人和他一起欣賞一輪滿月永恒的完美。故選D?！?4．A.dark B．cloudlessC．deep D．warmB〖根據(jù)空前的“afullmoon”以及上文“我”和同學(xué)在校園里賞月，結(jié)合常識可知，能看到滿月，應(yīng)是在一個晴朗的夜晚，B項意為“晴朗的”，故選B。〗15．A.beauty B．temperatureC．a(chǎn)nxiety D．freedomC〖根據(jù)空后的“notseeingorhearingfromalovedone”可推知，此處表示盡管與所愛的人相距甚遠(yuǎn)且因見不到所愛之人或沒有得到所愛之人的消息而心懷焦慮，但當(dāng)欣賞滿月時，我們都健康幸福。故選C?！?6．A.pale B．newC．cold D．fullD〖參見上題〖解析〗?！?7．A.unit B．groupC．field D．messageA〖根據(jù)語境可推知，這里表示雖然我們離家很遠(yuǎn)，但是家在我們的生命中始終是最重要的組成部分。故選A?！?8．A.associate B．workC．reunite D．doC〖根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，中國人在中秋佳節(jié)和所愛的人團(tuán)聚。故選C?！?9．A.honesty B．warmthC．bravery D．strengthB〖根據(jù)第一段中的“the________onthecampuswasverycheerful”以及“Chinesestudentsexplainedtoustheimportanceofthedayasgiftsofmooncakeswere________”并結(jié)合選項可推知，中國朋友的熱情讓“我”和其他留學(xué)生經(jīng)歷了一個難忘的中秋節(jié)。故選B?！?0．A.honorable B．imaginableC．reasonable D．unforgettableD〖根據(jù)上文中的“Icouldn'thelpbutlookforwardtothenext”可知，“我”和其他留學(xué)生經(jīng)歷了一個難忘的(unforgettable)中秋節(jié)。honorable“可敬的”；imaginable“可想象的”；reasonable“合理的”?！秸n時提能練(二十六)必修5Unit13People(B)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·開封市高三模擬)ThebusstopsintheDutchcityofUtrechtareasbeautifulastheyarepractical.Now,316busstopsfeatureagreenroofthataddssomelifetothecity，whilealsostoringrainwater，catchingdust，andprovidingsomemuchneededshadeduringthehotmonths.Thisprojectisgoodforthehoneybeepopulationthatisattractedtotheplantsontheroof.Tokeepupthissuccessfulecosystem，municipalworkersdrivearoundinelectriccars，takingcareoftheminigardens.Anotheroneofthebiggestbenefitstocomeoutofthesegreenstopsistheimprovedairquality.Smoking，cars，andbacteriaallcontributetopollutingtheairwebreathe.Theseeco-friendlypublicspacesactasanairpurifier(凈化器)forurbanpeople，thoughhumansaren'ttheonlygroupthatbenefitsfromthem.Utrechthasalsomadegreateffortstowardsmovingtheirtransportationsystemawayfromgas-guzzling(耗油的)buses.Thecityhasreplaced10gas-guzzlingbuseswithelectricbusesandplanstohaveonlyCO2-inactivebusesontheroadsby2028.Thebuseshaveasystemthatrecordsthedriver'sefficiencyandcomfortlevels.Driverscanwinprizesbasedonhowsafeandcomfortabletherideis.Thecityisalsooneofthemostbicycle-friendlyplacesintheworld.Roadshavebeenredesignedforcyclists'convenienceandthereisanewstate-of-the-artbicycleparkingareathatislocatedbeneathUtrecht'scentraltrainstation.Utrechtoffersincentives(獎勵)tokeepcitizensenergizedandmotivatedtolivegreenerlives.There'reevenincentivesforpeopletotransformtheirroofsintogreenroofstoo.Achievingthegoalsofaneco-friendlycitytakescooperationandUtrechtisleadingthewaytoprotectourenvironment.〖語篇解讀〗文章主要講述了荷蘭烏得勒支市對公共交通系統(tǒng)的改造情況。該市通過改造公交車站、使用電動公交車等手段，以進(jìn)一步減少公交系統(tǒng)對環(huán)境帶來的負(fù)面影響。1．WhatisspecialaboutthebusstopsinUtrecht?A．Theyareeco-friendly.B．Theycansavealotofenergy.C．Theyareartificiallyintelligent.D．Theycanprovidepowerforbuses.A〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Anotheroneofthebiggestbenefitstocomeoutofthesegreenstopsistheimprovedairquality”可知，該市的車站的特別之處在于其非常環(huán)保，故選A?！?．WhatcanweinferaboutthechangestothetransportationsysteminUtrecht?A．Notallbusesaregas-guzzlingatpresent.B．Gas-guzzlingcarshavebeencompletelyreplaced.C．Onlyelectricprivatecarsareallowedontheroads.D．Buseshaveairpurifiersfixedonthem.A〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的“Thecityhasreplaced10gas-guzzlingbuseswithelectricbuses”可知，該市已經(jīng)將10輛耗油的公交車換成了電動公交車。由此可以推測出，當(dāng)前并不是所有的公交車都是耗油的車，故選A?！?．WhatmightpassengerscommentonthebusserviceinUtrecht?A．Busesarealwaystoocrowded.B．Busesareoftenbehindschedule.C．Busesaretoobigforredesignedroads.D．Busesaregenerallycomfortableandsafe.D〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Driverscanwinprizesbasedonhowsafeandcomfortabletherideis”可知，司機(jī)可以根據(jù)所提供的乘車服務(wù)的安全和舒適程度來贏得獎品。由此可以推測出，乘客可能會對公交服務(wù)表示感到安全與舒適，故選D?！?．WhatarepeoplelivinginUtrechtencouragedtodo?A．Giveupsmoking.B．Creategardensontheirroofs.C．Painttheirroofsgreen.D．Consumemorehoney.B〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“There'reevenincentivesforpeopletotransformtheirroofsintogreenroofstoo”可知，該市還有為將屋頂改造成綠色屋頂?shù)娜藗兲峁┑莫剟?。由此可知，B項符合文意?！紹(2020·深圳市普通高中第二次測試)EastAfricaisexperiencingtheworstdesertlocust(蝗蟲)outbreakindecades.Climateeventshaveacceleratedthebreedingofthepestacrosstheregion，andwithasuddenriseinthelocustpopulationexpectedincomingweeks，urgentactionsandfundsareneededtopreventahumancrisis.TwentymillionpeopleinsixoftheeightEastAfricancountriesmostaffectedbyanongoingdesertlocustoutbreakareatriskofseriousfoodinsecurity.Consideredamongthemostdestructiveofmovingpests，anadultlocustcanconsume2gofplantsperday，affectingcropsandgrasslands.Agrouptypicallyholds20to150millionlocustspersquarekilometerandcanmovehundredsofkilometersperday，invadingareascoveringmillionsofsquarekilometers.Anactivegroup，therefore，candestroycropsandgrasslandswithinaveryshortperiodoftime.Thatglobalwarmingcouldincreasetheriskofthedesertlocustcrisiswasproposedovertenyearsago，andinFebruary，theUNSecretary-GeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthatthecurrentoutbreakislinkedtotheeffectsofclimatechange—warmerseasmeanmorecyclones(旋風(fēng))generatingtheperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts.Theoutbreakhasitsoriginsin2018，whenaseriesofcyclonesintheArabianPeninsula(阿拉伯半島)enabledthewarmandwetconditionsthedesertlocustrequiresforbreedinginremoteregions.Thoughourfocushereismigrationwest，dreadfuloutbreaksofthedesertlocusthavebeenexperiencedtotheeast.Thesituationisgoingoutofcontrol.Arescueoperationandfinancialsupportneednodelay.TheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)hasputanimmediatepricetagofUS$138millionforrapidresponseandimmediateaction—controllingthespreadofthedesertlocustandsafeguardinglivelihoods.Theysaythemathsisclear：abouthalfthefundingisneededforsupervision，groundandskycontrol，andunitingefforts；theotherhalfisneededforlivelihoodsandfoodsecurityoffarmers.Theyhavecalledontheinternationalcommunitytoactnowthroughfunding.However，bytheendofFebruary，justUS$69millionhadbeenpromised.ThismostalarmingcrisishasdevelopedandisworseninginEastAfrica.Thefundsneededtocontrolthesituationbecomeverydifficulttoachieveandthegapisabigconcern.〖語篇解讀〗本文主要介紹了東非蝗災(zāi)的抗災(zāi)資金嚴(yán)重短缺的情況及蝗災(zāi)的其他相關(guān)情況。5．WhydoesthecrisishappeninEastAfrica?A．Thereisabigpopulationthere.B．Therearelargedesertsandgrasslands.C．AfricaliestowestoftheArabianPeninsula.D．Climategoodforbreedingplaysarole.D〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Climateeventshaveacceleratedthebreedingofthepestacrosstheregion，andwithasuddenriseinthelocustpopulationexpectedincomingweeks”及第三段中的“theUNSecretary-GeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthatthecurrentoutbreakislinkedtotheeffectsofclimatechange—warmerseasmeanmorecyclones(旋風(fēng))generatingtheperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts”可知，有利于蝗蟲繁殖的氣候發(fā)揮了作用。故選D?！?．WhydoesthewriterlistthosefiguresinPara.2?A．Towarnoftheterribledamagecausedbylocusts.B．Tohelpusunderstandhowlocustslive.C．Toshowhowmanylocuststherearenow.D．TodrawapictureofpresentAfrica.A〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中列舉的數(shù)據(jù)可以看出，東非蝗災(zāi)影響的國家多、人數(shù)多及蝗災(zāi)的危害大。由此可推知，作者列舉那些數(shù)據(jù)的目的是告知蝗蟲造成的嚴(yán)重破壞。故選A?！?．Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A．Thecrisisisnotnoticeduntilrecently.B．Moremoneyisneededtopreventthecrisis.C．Thecrisishasbeenthefocusoftheworld.D．LocustsareallfromtheArabianPeninsula.B〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“TheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)hasputanimmediatepricetagofUS$138million”“However，bytheendofFebruary，justUS$69millionhadbeenpromised”并結(jié)合最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，抗擊蝗災(zāi)需要很多資金，然而，資金缺口卻非常大。故選B。〗8．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．KillinglocustsbeforetoolateB．Globalwarming，aworldproblemC．ThefundinggapforthelocustcrisisD．Africa，acrisis-strickenplaceC〖標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了東非蝗災(zāi)的抗災(zāi)資金嚴(yán)重短缺的情況以及導(dǎo)致蝗災(zāi)爆發(fā)的因素和其帶來的嚴(yán)重后果。故C項最適合作本文標(biāo)題?！舰?閱讀七選五(2020·陜西省百校聯(lián)盟一模)Peoplehavealwayswantedtoknowwhatthefuturewilllooklike.Then，howcanwe?__1__Theworldhaschangedalotinthelast150years，butwehumansaredrivenbythesamebasicneedsaswewere150yearsago，suchasfood，sleep，thefeelingofbeingappreciatedandloved.__2___No.Inaddition，generallyspeaking，theinventionsforthelast150yearshavebeenahumaneffortforfreedomandcommunication，tobeabletogetincontrolofthetimeandworld.Sincethereisstillmuchtodointhisarea，thiswillbethefocusatleastforthenext150years.Butwhydoweneedtopredictthefuture?Predictingthefutureisimportantfortworeasons:First，weneedtostarttothinkaboutwhatkindoffuturewewouldlikeforourselvesandtopassontothenextgeneration.__3__Howaboutthevirtualworlds?Itmightbeinthefuturetoexperiencethesandbetweenyourtoes，andhearthewaves，justlyinginyourbedathome.__4__So，evenifagreatinventionisthereforanaffordableprice，it'llnevertaketheplaceofthecommonexperienceifitisnotreal.__5__Whatwe'llseeinthenext50yearsisthetransition(過渡)fromanoil-dependentsocietytoanewsociety.Herethere'llbenewmedicine，continuedexplorationofspace，challengesintheclimatechange，andnewinventionsthatmakelifealittleeasier.A．Willthischangeinthenext150years?B．Sowhatwillthefuturelooklikethen?C．Predictingthefuturecanhelpusinmanyways.D．Well，tounderstandthefuture，youmustknowthepast.E．However，you'llnevergetthefeelingofbeingthere.F．However，nomatterhowrealtheexperiencewillfeel，itdoesn'thappenforreal.G．Thenweneedtoknowwhatdecisionsweneedtomaketodaythatwillgivethebestresultinthefuture.〖語篇解讀〗人們總想知道未來會是什么樣子的，其實要想展望未來，必須了解過去。不管世界如何變化，人們的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣賞和愛的感覺等不會改變，未來的虛擬世界也不會代替真實的世界。但是可以預(yù)知，未來五十年里，世界將從依靠石油的社會過渡到新的社會，人們的生活會更好。1．D〖根據(jù)空處下文可知，在過去的150年里，世界發(fā)生了巨大的變化；結(jié)合空前一句可推知，空處承上啟下，說明我們想要展望未來，就要了解過去，故D項符合語境?！?．A〖根據(jù)空前一句可知，在過去的150年里，人們的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣賞和愛的感覺沒有變化，結(jié)合空后的“No”可知，空處應(yīng)是一個疑問句，并與空前一句講人的基本需求相呼應(yīng)，故A項與此處匹配。〗3．G〖根據(jù)該段第二句可知，該段主要講的是預(yù)知未來的兩個原因，空前一句講的是第一個原因，即需要思考自己想要的并傳遞給下一代的未來是什么樣的；據(jù)此可知，空處陳述第二個原因，即需要知道做出怎樣的決定才能給未來帶來最好的結(jié)果，故G項正確。其中G項中的“Thenweneedto”與空前一句中的“First，weneedto”相呼應(yīng)。〗4．F〖根據(jù)空后一句可知，即使一項重大發(fā)明的價格我們可以承受，但是虛擬體驗絕不會代替真實體驗，結(jié)合空處上文可推知，F(xiàn)項符合語境，銜接上下文?！?．B〖根據(jù)空處下文可知，該段介紹了對未來五十年的展望：從依靠石油的社會過渡到新的社會；未來的生活更好。故B項與此處匹配?！舰?語法填空(2020·陜西省百校聯(lián)盟一模)Chinesefoods,withalonghistory，1.________(be)knownfortheirspecialtasteandexquisiteness(精致).HereareseveraltraditionalChinesefoods.NoodlesareasymboloflonglifeinChineseculture.Theyareasmuchapartas2.________birthdaycakewithitscandles3.________(light)inwesterncountries.Sincenoodlesmeanlonglife,itisconsideredvery4.________(lucky)tocutthemoff.InChina,awholefish5.________(symbol)wealth.Ataparty,itisatraditiontoservethewholefish.ThefishalsohasaspecialmeaningbecausetheChinesewordforthefishyusoundslikethewordforwealth.So6.________isbelievedthateatingfishwillhelpyourwishescometrueintheyeartocome.Anotherpopulardishiszongzi,7.________isservedduringtheDragonBoatFestival.Thistastydish8.________(make)ofstickyricewithmeat,peanutsorotherdeliciousfoodinbamboo9.________(leaf).Thetraditionofeatingzongziismeanttoremindus10.________agreatChinesepoet，QuYuan.〖語篇解讀〗該文簡單介紹了三種中國傳統(tǒng)食物——面條、整魚和粽子。1．a(chǎn)re〖考查時態(tài)和主謂一致?！皐ithalonghistory”前后都有逗號，可以理解為插入語，不影響句子的主體結(jié)構(gòu)，該句的主語是“Chinesefoods”，且此處是客觀性的描述，故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以填are?！?．a(chǎn)〖考查冠詞。cake是可數(shù)名詞，第一次在文中出現(xiàn)，而且沒有用復(fù)數(shù)形式，又根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾；又因為birthday的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，所以填a。〗3．lit/lighted〖考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。此處為“with＋名詞/代詞＋分詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句子中作狀語。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處和“itscandles”存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用light的過去分詞形式lit或lighted?！?．unlucky〖考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“因為面條意味著長壽，所以將它們切斷被認(rèn)為是非常不吉利的”，所以填形容詞unlucky。〗5．symbolizes〖考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作謂語，和句子的主語“awholefish”構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，且此處表示一種客觀情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的單數(shù)形式，所以填symbolizes?！?．it〖考查固定用法。itisbelievedthat...“據(jù)信”是固定用法，it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語，所以此處應(yīng)填代詞it?！?．which〖考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾表示物的先行詞zongzi，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，所以填which?！?．ismade〖考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“由……構(gòu)成”，應(yīng)用bemadeof...表示，又句子的主語為“Thistastydish”，且此處是客觀性的描述，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的單數(shù)形式，所以填ismade?！?．leaves〖考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。leaf是可數(shù)名詞，沒有被冠詞修飾，且此處表示“竹葉”，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，故用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以填leaves?！?0．of〖考查介詞。remindsb.ofsb.“使某人想起某人”是固定用法，所以此處填介詞of。〗Ⅳ.短文改錯(2020·湖北八校第一次聯(lián)考)Asitisknowntoall，theGreatWallisthemostfamousplacesofinterestinChina.Everybodywantstogothere，butIamnoexception.Then，thissummervacation，thedayIhavebeenlookingforwardtocomingatlast.IgotupveryearlythatdayandsetoffwithmybrotherTimfollowedbehind.Aftertwohours'busride，wearrivedatwhichlookedlikethelargemarket，wherethereweremillionsofpeopletalking，pushingandphotographing.Lookingatthat，myenthusiasmimmediatedisappeared.Indeed，theGreatWallisreallysomethingmustbeexperiencedwithalittleeaseandprivacy.〖〖答案〗〗Aseq\o(it,＼)isknowntoall，theGreatWallisthemostfamouseq\f(places,place)ofinterestinChina.Everybodywantstogothere，eq\f(but,and)Iamnoexception.Then，thissummervacation，thedayIeq\f(have,had)beenlookingforwardtoeq\f(coming,came)atlast.IgotupveryearlythatdayandsetoffwithmybrotherTimeq\f(followed,following)behind.Aftertwohours'busride，wearrivedateq\f(which,what)lookedlikeeq\f(the,a)largemarket，wherethereweremillionsofpeopletalking，pushingandphotographing.Lookingatthat，myenthusiasmeq\f(immediate,immediately)disappeared.Indeed，theGreatWallisreallysomethingeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(that))mustbeexperiencedwithalittleeaseandprivacy.課時提能練(二十五)必修5Unit13People(A)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·南昌市一模)Theremainsofanancientape(猿)foundinaBavarianclaysiterecentlycaughtpeople'seye.Accordingtoscientists，theymayrenewpeople'sopiniononwhenhumans'ancestorsbeganstandingupright.AninternationalteamofresearcherssaidthefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermanyboreastrikingresemblance(相似之處)tomodernhumanbones.InapaperpublishedbythejournalNature，theyconcludedthatthepreviouslyunknownspecies—namedDanuviusguggenmosi—couldwalkontwolegsbutalsoclimblikeanape.Thefindings“raisefundamentalquestionsaboutourpreviousunderstandingoftheevolutionofthegreatapesandhumans，”saidMadelaineBoehme，wholedtheresearch.ThequestionofwhenapescouldwalkontwolegshasfascinatedscientistssinceCharlesDarwinfirstarguedthattheyweretheancestorsofhumans.Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumai.Boehme，alongwithresearchersfromBulgaria，CanadaandtheUnitedStates，examinedmorethan15,000bonesrecoveredfromthearchaeologicalremains.Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(靈長目動物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago.Themostcomplete，anadultmale，likelystoodabout1metertall，weighed31kilogramsandlookedsimilartomodern-daybonobos，aspeciesofthechimpanzee.Likehumans，DanuviushadanS-shapedbackbonetoholditsbodyuprightwhilestanding.Unlikehumans，though，ithadapowerfulbigtoethatwouldhaveallowedittograbbrancheswithitsfooteasily.FredSpoor，apaleontologistattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon，calledthefossilfinds“fantastic”butsaidtheywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers，notleastbecausetheycouldchallengemanyexistingideasaboutevolution.〖語篇解讀〗本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家新發(fā)現(xiàn)的古猿遺骨的相關(guān)情況，并指出這可能會刷新人們關(guān)于何時人類的祖先開始直立的觀點(diǎn)。1．Wheredidthescientistsfindthebones?A．Germany. B．Bulgaria.C．Kenya. D．Brazil.A〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“thefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermany”可知，科學(xué)家在德國發(fā)現(xiàn)了古猿遺骨，故選A?！?．WhatcanweinferaboutDanuvius?A．ItcouldmakeS-shapedtools.B．Itwasaspeciesofthechimpanzee.C．ItlivedinCreteandKenya.D．ItexistedmuchearlierthanToumai.D〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumai”和第五段中的“Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(靈長目動物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago”可推知，Danuvius生活的時期比Toumai早得多，故選D?！?．HowdoesSpoorfeelaboutthefinding?A．Itoffersfurthersupportforthetheoryofevolution.B．It