典型題2014高考化學(xué)二輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)有機(jī)化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)

(典型題)2014高考化學(xué)二輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)有機(jī)化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)【典型題】2014高考化學(xué)二輪復(fù)習(xí)名師知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):有機(jī)化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)一、選擇題1(藥物貝諾酯可由乙酰水楊酸和對(duì)乙酰氨基酚在一定條件下反應(yīng)制得:下列有關(guān)敘述正確的是()A(貝諾酯分子中有三種含氧官能團(tuán)B(可用FeCl溶液區(qū)別乙酰水楊酸和對(duì)乙酰氨基酚3C(乙酰水楊酸和對(duì)乙酰氨基酚均能與NaHCO溶液反應(yīng)3D(貝諾酯與足量NaOH溶液共熱，最終生成乙酰水楊酸鈉和對(duì)乙酰氨基酚鈉解析:結(jié)合三種有機(jī)物的結(jié)構(gòu)確定含有的官能團(tuán)及具有的性質(zhì)。貝諾酯分子中含有兩種含氧官能團(tuán)，A錯(cuò)。對(duì)乙酰氨基酚分子中含有酚羥基，能與FeCl溶液發(fā)生顯色反應(yīng)，乙酰水楊酸則不能，可利用FeCl33溶液區(qū)別這兩種有機(jī)物，B對(duì)。乙酰水楊酸分子中含有—COOH，能與NaHCO溶液發(fā)生反應(yīng)，3而對(duì)乙酰氨基酚則不能，C錯(cuò)。貝諾酯與足量NaOH溶液共熱發(fā)生水解反應(yīng)，生成，D錯(cuò)。答案:B點(diǎn)撥:知識(shí):有機(jī)物的結(jié)構(gòu)及性質(zhì)。能力:考查考生的綜合分析能力和遷移應(yīng)用能力。試題難度:中等。2((2013?浙江卷?10)下列說(shuō)法正確的是()Weherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agreetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:creditcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDnumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonthdayloanmaximumamount...ComputertransferqilubankfileqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurisdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthebranch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaranteeloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperation,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmenthasqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(followingreferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsandtheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslyimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstrictimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinessoperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andthisapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprovisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapplication,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandreview,andloanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloanpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,ninealink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificrequirements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantamendments.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublechecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borroweA(按系統(tǒng)命名法，化合物的名稱是2,3,5,5,四甲基,4,4,二乙基己烷B(等物質(zhì)的量的苯與苯甲酸完全燃燒消耗氧氣的量不相等C(苯與甲苯互為同系物，均能使KMnO酸性溶液褪色4D(結(jié)構(gòu)片段為的高聚物，其單體是甲醛和苯酚解析:從有機(jī)物的組成和結(jié)構(gòu)入手，分析其化學(xué)性質(zhì)，得出合理答案。該有機(jī)物的名稱中碳原子編號(hào)錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)從右端碳原子開(kāi)始編號(hào)，正確名稱應(yīng)為2,2,4,5,四甲基,3,3,二乙基己烷，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)。苯、苯甲酸的分子式分別為CH、CHO，而苯甲酸66762可寫(xiě)成CH?CO，顯然等物質(zhì)的量的兩種有機(jī)物完全燃燒時(shí)，消耗O的物質(zhì)的量相等，B6622項(xiàng)錯(cuò)。苯和甲苯互為同系物，甲苯能使KMnO酸性溶液褪色，而苯不能，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)。由高聚物4的結(jié)構(gòu)片段可知，該高聚物應(yīng)由單體苯酚和甲醛發(fā)生縮聚反應(yīng)生成，D項(xiàng)正確。答案:D點(diǎn)撥:知識(shí):有機(jī)物的命名，同系物及其性質(zhì)，高聚物及其單體的推斷。能力:考查考生對(duì)有機(jī)化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的理解及遷移應(yīng)用能力。試題難度:中等。3((2013?東北三省四市第二次聯(lián)考?8)乙苯的一氯代物的結(jié)構(gòu)共有()A(3種B(4種C(5種D(6種解析:乙苯乙基上氫原子環(huán)境有2種，苯環(huán)上氫原子環(huán)境有3種，所以乙苯的一氯代物共5種，C項(xiàng)正確。答案:C點(diǎn)撥:本題考查常見(jiàn)有機(jī)物命名及同分異構(gòu)體知識(shí)。難度較小。4((2013?高考命題研究專家原創(chuàng)卷)14.5g某烷烴完全燃燒生成1.25molHO，則該2烴的一氯代物共有(不考慮立體異構(gòu))()A(2種B(3種C(4種D(5種解析:設(shè)該烷烴的分子式為CH，則:x2x，2CH,(x，1)HOx2x，22(14x，2)g(x，1)mol14.5g1.25molhecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borroweements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantamendments.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublecrequirnpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,ninealink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificon,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandreview,andloanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloalicatingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprovisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andthisapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankissopimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstrictimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinereferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsandtheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslylowingon,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmenthasqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(folanch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaranteeloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperatithebreeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurisdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthdayloanmaximumamount...ComputertransferqilubankfileqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranttcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDnumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonWeherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agreetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:credi2列式求得x,4，則該烴的分子式為CH，可能是正丁烷，也有可能是異丁烷，各有2410種一氯代物，故共有4種一氯代物。答案:C點(diǎn)撥:本題考查簡(jiǎn)單有機(jī)物同分異構(gòu)體的數(shù)目判斷，意在考查考生對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單有機(jī)物結(jié)構(gòu)的掌握情況和推理能力。5((2013?高考命題研究專家原創(chuàng)卷)某有機(jī)物的化學(xué)式為CHO，現(xiàn)有0.1mol該有機(jī)483物分別與足量的鈉、足量的碳酸氫鈉溶液反應(yīng)，生成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下的氣體分別為2.24LH、22.24LCO。則該有機(jī)物的同分異構(gòu)體有(不考慮立體異構(gòu))()2A(3種B(4種C(5種D(6種解析:由—COOH，NaHCO―?CO知，1mol羧基生成1mol二氧化碳;由—OH(或—COOH)3212.24L，Na―?H知，2mol羥基(或羧基)生成1molH。依題意，n(H),n(CO),2222,1222.4L?mol,0.1mol。所以CHO分子中含有1個(gè)羧基和1個(gè)羥基。CHO拆去—COOH、—OH剩余“CH”，48348336可以看成是丙烷(CH)上兩個(gè)氫原子被羧基、羥基取代。第一步，羧基取代丙烷上一個(gè)氫原38—CH—COOH、(?)子得兩種同分異構(gòu)體:(?)CH—CH223答案:C點(diǎn)撥:本題考查有機(jī)物同分異構(gòu)體的數(shù)目判斷，意在考查考生對(duì)中學(xué)化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握情況及復(fù)述、再現(xiàn)、辨認(rèn)的能力。6((2013?高考命題研究專家原創(chuàng)卷)某品牌白酒中含有的塑化劑的主要成分為鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯，其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為ents.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublechecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borendmalink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificrequirements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantamloanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloanpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,ninew,andvisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapplication,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandrevieapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprothistimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinessoperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslyimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstricandtsqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(followingreferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperation,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmentharanteesdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthebranch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurifilenumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonthdayloanmaximumamount...Computertransferqilubankeetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:creditcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDWeherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agrrowe3，下列有關(guān)說(shuō)法正確的是()A(鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯的分子式為CHO16214B(鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯屬于酯類，可增加白酒的香味，對(duì)人體無(wú)害C(用鄰苯二甲酸與丁醇合成鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯的反應(yīng)屬于取代反應(yīng)D(鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯不能發(fā)生加成反應(yīng)解析:A項(xiàng)，鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯的分子式為CHO，A錯(cuò);B項(xiàng)，塑化劑對(duì)人體有害，B16224錯(cuò);D項(xiàng)，鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯中的苯環(huán)可以與H發(fā)生加成反應(yīng)，D錯(cuò)。2答案:C點(diǎn)撥:本題考查有機(jī)物的結(jié)構(gòu)與性質(zhì)，意在考查考生對(duì)有機(jī)物分子式、反應(yīng)類型和官能團(tuán)知識(shí)的掌握情況。7((2013?高考命題研究專家原創(chuàng)卷)有機(jī)化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)可A(2種B(3種C(4種D(5種解析:該有機(jī)物的二氯代物中，兩個(gè)氯原子連在同一碳原子上的有1種，連在不同碳原子上有3種，共4種，選項(xiàng)C正確。答案:C點(diǎn)撥:本題考查有機(jī)物同分異構(gòu)體的判斷，意在考查考生對(duì)有機(jī)物同分異構(gòu)體概念的理解和推理能力。8((2013?高考名校聯(lián)考信息優(yōu)化卷)符合下列條件的烴的一氯代物共有(不考慮立體異構(gòu))()?分子中碳元素與氫元素的質(zhì)量之比為21:2;?含一個(gè)苯環(huán);?相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量小于150。A(2種B(3種C(4種D(5種解析:由碳元素與氫元素的質(zhì)量之比為21:2可知，該烴分子中N(C):N(H),7:8，故其實(shí)驗(yàn)式為CH，設(shè)其分子式為(CH)，故有92n,150，則n,1.63，即n,1，所以其分子式7878n為CH，由于該化合物含一個(gè)苯環(huán)，故其只能為甲苯。甲苯中苯環(huán)上的一氯代物有3種，甲78基上的一氯代物有1種，共4種。hecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borroweements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantamendments.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublecrequirnpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,ninealink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificon,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandreview,andloanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloalicatingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprovisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andthisapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankissopimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstrictimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinereferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsandtheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslylowingon,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmenthasqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(folanch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaranteeloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperatithebreeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurisdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthdayloanmaximumamount...ComputertransferqilubankfileqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranttcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDnumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonWeherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agreetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:credi4答案:C點(diǎn)撥:本題考查簡(jiǎn)單有機(jī)物質(zhì)同分異構(gòu)體的判斷，意在考查考生分析問(wèn)題和解決(解答)化學(xué)問(wèn)題的能力。9((2013?河北省唐山市一模?13)某有機(jī)物結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為，下列關(guān)于該有機(jī)物的說(shuō)法中不正確的是()A(遇FeCl溶液顯紫色3B(與足量的氫氧化鈉溶液在一定條件下反應(yīng)，最多消耗NaOH3molC(能發(fā)生縮聚反應(yīng)和加聚反應(yīng)D(1mol該有機(jī)物與溴發(fā)生加成反應(yīng)，最多消耗1molBr2解析:A項(xiàng)，有機(jī)物分子中存在酚羥基，所以遇FeCl溶液顯紫色;B項(xiàng)，有機(jī)物分子3中含有一個(gè)酚羥基、一個(gè)羧基和一個(gè)連在苯環(huán)上的氯原子，所以1mol有機(jī)物與足量的氫氧化鈉反應(yīng)，最多消耗氫氧化鈉4mol，題中沒(méi)有明確給出有機(jī)物的物質(zhì)的量;C項(xiàng)，有機(jī)物分子中含有碳碳雙鍵，能發(fā)生加聚反應(yīng)，含有羧基和羥基，能發(fā)生縮聚反應(yīng);D項(xiàng)，1mol該有機(jī)物中只含有1mol碳碳雙鍵，與溴發(fā)生加成反應(yīng)時(shí)，最多消耗1molBr。2答案:B點(diǎn)撥:本題考查了有機(jī)物的性質(zhì)，意在考查考生對(duì)有機(jī)化學(xué)知識(shí)的掌握情況。二、非選擇題10((2013?河北省唐山市一模?38)下列是利用烴CH合成有機(jī)高分子E和烴CH的36614流程圖。請(qǐng)回答以下問(wèn)題:(1)?,?中屬于取代反應(yīng)的有________。(2)CH的核磁共振氫譜只有兩種峰，則CH的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為_(kāi)_______________;寫(xiě)出E614614的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式:__________________。(3)寫(xiě)出B與新Cu(OH)反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式:________________。2(4)D的同分異構(gòu)體很多，符合下列條件的同分異構(gòu)體有________種，其中氫原子核磁共振氫譜譜峰最少的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為_(kāi)_______。?含碳碳雙鍵?能水解?能發(fā)生銀鏡反應(yīng)(5)根據(jù)你所學(xué)知識(shí)和上圖中相關(guān)信息，以乙醇為主要原料通過(guò)三步可能合成環(huán)己烷(無(wú)w,andvisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapplication,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandrevieapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprothistimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinessoperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslyimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstricandtsqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(followingreferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperation,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmentharanteesdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthebranch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurifilenumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonthdayloanmaximumamount...Computertransferqilubankeetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:creditcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDWeherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agrroweents.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublechecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borendmalink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificrequirements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantamloanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloanpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,nine5機(jī)試劑任選)，寫(xiě)出第一步和第三步化學(xué)反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式(有機(jī)物質(zhì)寫(xiě)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式):________、________。解析:由框圖可知，CH經(jīng)反應(yīng)?生成CHCl，說(shuō)明發(fā)生的是取代反應(yīng)，而不是加成反3635應(yīng);而最后由D生成E發(fā)生的是加聚反應(yīng)，再由框圖所給反應(yīng)條件共同推測(cè)，從CH到E36碳碳雙鍵沒(méi)有被破壞，再由A到B，B到C經(jīng)過(guò)了兩步氧化，所以第一步取代反應(yīng)中氯原子取代的是CH中甲基上的氫原子，這樣可以推出CH為3636CH===CHCHCHCl為CH===CHCHCl，23,3522A為CH===CHCHOH，B為CH===CHCHO，222C為CH===CHCOOH，D為CH===CHCOOCH，223(1)?是取代反應(yīng)、?是取代反應(yīng)(水解反應(yīng))、?是氧化反應(yīng)、?是氧化反應(yīng)、?是酯化反)、?是加成反應(yīng)。(3)B與新制氫氧化銅反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為CH===CHCHO，應(yīng)(取代反應(yīng)2?2Cu(OH)，NaOH――?CH===CHCOONa，CuO?，3HO。(4)符合條件的D的同分異構(gòu)體有3種，2222分別是CH===CHCHOOCH、CHCH===CHOOCH、CH===C(CH)OOCH。其中氫原子核磁共振氫譜譜22323峰最少的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為CH===C(CH)OOCH。(5)由乙醇通過(guò)三步反應(yīng)合成環(huán)己烷，則第一步為23乙醇發(fā)生消去反應(yīng)生成乙烯，第二步為乙烯和溴單質(zhì)加成生成1,2,二溴乙烷，第三步為在鈉的條件下，1,2,二溴乙烷發(fā)生反應(yīng)生答案:(1)???hecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borroweements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantamendments.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublecrequirnpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,ninealink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificon,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandreview,andloanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloalicatingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprovisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andthisapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankissopimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstrictimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinereferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsandtheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslylowingon,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmenthasqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(folanch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaranteeloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperatithebreeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurisdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthdayloanmaximumamount...ComputertransferqilubankfileqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranttcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDnumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonWeherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agreetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:credi6點(diǎn)撥:本題考查了有機(jī)物的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式、反應(yīng)類型、有機(jī)反應(yīng)方程式、同分異構(gòu)體等，意在考查考生提取信息的能力和運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)解決問(wèn)題的能力。11((2013?安徽卷?26)有機(jī)物F是一種新型涂料固化劑，可由下列路線合成(部分反應(yīng)條件略去):(1)B的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式是________;E中含有的官能團(tuán)名稱是________。(2)由C和E合成F的化學(xué)方程式是________。(3)同時(shí)滿足下列條件的苯的同分異構(gòu)體的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式是________。?含有3個(gè)雙鍵?核磁共振氫譜只顯示1個(gè)吸收峰?不存在甲基(4)乙烯在實(shí)驗(yàn)室可由________(填有機(jī)物名稱)通過(guò)________(填反應(yīng)類型)制備。loanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloanpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,ninew,andvisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapplication,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandrevieapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprothistimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinessoperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslyimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstricandtsqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(followingreferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperation,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmentharanteesdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthebranch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurifilenumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonthdayloanmaximumamount...Computertransferqilubankeetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:creditcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDWeherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agrroweents.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublechecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borendmalink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificrequirements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantam7(5)下列說(shuō)法正確的是________。a(A屬于飽和烴b(D與乙醛的分子式相同c(E不能與鹽酸反應(yīng)d(F可以發(fā)生酯化反應(yīng)解析:根據(jù)合成路線圖中已知物質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式，推斷出其他物質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式，按照題目要求解答相關(guān)問(wèn)題即可。(1)B和甲醇反應(yīng)生成C，根據(jù)C的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式可以判斷B為二元羧酸;E分子中有兩種官能團(tuán):氨基和羥基。(2)觀察C、E、F三者的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式，可知C和E反應(yīng)即為E中的HOCHCHNH,取代了C22中的,OCH，同時(shí)生成2分子的甲醇。(3)苯的分子式為CH，離飽和烴還差8個(gè)氫原子，條366件?該分子中存在3個(gè)雙鍵，要滿足碳、氫比，分子中還應(yīng)存在一個(gè)環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu);條件?說(shuō)明該分子呈對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)、分子中氫的位置是相同的;再結(jié)合條件?即可寫(xiě)出該物質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式。(4)實(shí)驗(yàn)室中是利用濃硫酸和乙醇反應(yīng)制取乙烯的，該反應(yīng)類型為消去反應(yīng)。(5)A是環(huán)己烷，屬于飽和烴，所以a項(xiàng)正確;D的分子式為CHO，其分子式和乙醛的相同，所以b項(xiàng)正確;24E分子中含有氨基，可以和鹽酸反應(yīng)，所以c項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;F分子中含有羥基，可以和羧酸發(fā)生酯化反應(yīng)，所以d項(xiàng)正確。答案:(1)HOOCH(CH)COOH氨基、羥基24(3)(4)乙醇消去反應(yīng)(其他合理答案均可)(5)a、b、d點(diǎn)撥:知識(shí):烴和烴的衍生物的組成和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)以及它們的相互轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系。能力:考查ements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantamendments.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublecrequirnpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,ninealink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificon,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandreview,andloanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloalicatingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprovisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andthisapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankissopimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstrictimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinereferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsandtheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslylowingon,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmenthasqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(folanch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaranteeloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperatithebreeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurisdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthdayloanmaximumamount...ComputertransferqilubankfileqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranttcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDnumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonWeherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agreetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:credihecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borrowe8考生是否能夠從試題提供的新信息中，準(zhǔn)確地提取實(shí)質(zhì)性的內(nèi)容，結(jié)合已有的有機(jī)化學(xué)知識(shí)解決問(wèn)題的能力。試題難度:中等。12((2013?江蘇卷?17)化合物A(分子式為CHO)是一種有機(jī)化工原料，在空氣中易被66氧化。A的有關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)化反應(yīng)如下(部分反應(yīng)條件略去):(1)寫(xiě)出A的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式:________。(2)G是常用指示劑酚酞。寫(xiě)出G中含氧官能團(tuán)的名稱:________和________。(3)某化合物是E的同分異構(gòu)體，且分子中只有兩種不同化學(xué)環(huán)境的氫。寫(xiě)出該化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式:________(任寫(xiě)一種)。w,andvisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapplication,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandrevieapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprothistimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinessoperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslyimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstricandtsqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(followingreferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperation,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmentharanteesdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthebranch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurifilenumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonthdayloanmaximumamount...Computertransferqilubankeetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:creditcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDWeherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agrroweents.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublechecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borendmalink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificrequirements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantamloanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloanpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,nine9(4)F和D互為同分異構(gòu)體。寫(xiě)出反應(yīng)E?F的化學(xué)方程式:________________________________。(5)根據(jù)已有知識(shí)并結(jié)合相關(guān)信息，寫(xiě)出以A和HCHO為原料制備CHO的合成路線流程圖(無(wú)機(jī)試劑任用)。合成路線流程圖示例如下:HBrNaOH溶液HC===CH――?CHCHBr――?CHCHOH223232?解析:根據(jù)反應(yīng)條件及相關(guān)信息判定各種有機(jī)物，確定轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系。(1)根據(jù)G的分子結(jié)構(gòu)中含有苯環(huán)，確定A中也有苯環(huán)，結(jié)合A的分子式為CHO，確定66A的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式為。(2)G中含有的官能團(tuán)為(酚)羥基和酯基。(3)E的分子式為CHO，它的同分異構(gòu)體中要求有兩種不同化學(xué)環(huán)境的氫，說(shuō)明具有很714強(qiáng)的對(duì)稱性，這決定了。hecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borroweements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantamendments.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublecrequirnpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,ninealink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificon,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandreview,andloanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloalicatingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprovisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andthisapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankissopimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstrictimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinereferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsandtheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslylowingon,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmenthasqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(folanch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaranteeloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperatithebreeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurisdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthdayloanmaximumamount...ComputertransferqilubankfileqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranttcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDnumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonWeherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agreetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:credi10roweents.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublechecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borendmalink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificrequirements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantamloanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloanpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,ninew,andvisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapplication,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandrevieapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprothistimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinessoperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslyimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstricandtsqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(followingreferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperation,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmentharanteesdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthebranch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurifilenumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonthdayloanmaximumamount...Computertransferqilubankeetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:creditcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDWeherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agr11答案:(1)(2)(酚)羥基酯基(3)或requirnpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,ninealink,andonthelinkofoperationproposedhasspecificon,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandreview,andloanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloalicatingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprovisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andthisapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankissopimplementation:a,andSeriouslystudythedocuments,andstrictimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinereferredto"thisapproach"),nowwillaboutrequirementsandtheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleaseseriouslylowingon,effectivecontrolrisk,HeadOfficeOrganizationamendmenthasqiluBankpersonalguaranteeloanmanagementapproach(folanch,andheadofficethesector:forpromotepersonalguaranteeloanbusinessofdevelopment,specificationbusinessoperatithebreeloanmanagementapproachofnotificationthebranch,andjurisdictionlineandtheby'sbusinessline,andJinan'swithinthdayloanmaximumamount...ComputertransferqilubankfileqiluSilver(2011)39th,onissuedqiluBankpersonalguaranttcancellationapplicationformnameofborrowerIDnumberandcreditlimitexpirationdateyearmonthdaytoyearmonWeherebyapplyfor!Applicant:datedatecase,agreetowriteoffloans.Loanreviewsignature:daterecordedform17:credihecking,doublesystem.(D)loanfactors:1theborrower(1)borroweements.(B)thesimplification,theannexoftherelevantamendments.(C)requestingtheExecutivedoubleinterview,doublec12點(diǎn)撥:知識(shí):結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式、同分異構(gòu)體的書(shū)寫(xiě)、官能團(tuán)名稱、化學(xué)方程式的書(shū)寫(xiě)和流程路線的設(shè)計(jì)。能力:重點(diǎn)考查學(xué)生對(duì)有機(jī)化學(xué)的主干知識(shí)、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握情況，考查學(xué)生對(duì)流程的設(shè)計(jì)和推理能力。試題難度:中等。請(qǐng)回答下列問(wèn)題:(1)一元醇A中氧的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)約為21.6%，則A的分子式為_(kāi)_______;結(jié)構(gòu)分析顯示A只有一個(gè)甲基，A的名稱為_(kāi)_______。(2)B能與新制的Cu(OH)發(fā)生反應(yīng)，該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為2__________________________。(3)C有________種結(jié)構(gòu);若一次取樣，檢驗(yàn)C中所含官能團(tuán)，按使用的先后順序?qū)懗鏊迷噭?________。(4)第?步的反應(yīng)類型為_(kāi)_______;D所含官能團(tuán)的名稱為_(kāi)_______。(5)寫(xiě)出同時(shí)符合下列條件的水楊酸所有同分異構(gòu)體的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)式:__________________________。loanapproval,andcontractsigned,andloanissued,andloanpaid,andloanHoumanagement,andrecyclinganddisposal,ninew,andvisionalapproach,willloanprocesssubdivisionforloanapplication,andacceptedandsurvey,andriskevaluationandrevieapproachmainamendmentcontent:(a)accordingtoChinabankingsupervisionManagementCommitteepersonalloanmanagementprothistimplementationofthisapproachinallaspectsofthebusinessoperationsrequirementstoeffectivelymanagerisks.II,andheamendmentcontentnotificationfollowing,pleasese