中考英語人教版語法專項復(fù)習(xí) 專題十二 簡單句和復(fù)合句

中考英語人教版專項復(fù)習(xí)專題十二簡單句和復(fù)合句目錄01.解析02.模擬考題01解析圖解語法考點1

簡單句簡單句的基本句型1.主語+系動詞+表語①These

books

are

interesting.

主語

系動詞

表語②He

became

a

teacher.

主語

系動詞

表語2.主語+謂語（不及物動詞）（+狀語）His

first

book

came

out

in

2021.

主語

謂語

狀語3.主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語（+狀語）My

sister

bought

a

very

good

book

yesterday.

主語

謂語

賓語

狀語4.主語+謂語（及物動詞）+間接賓語+直接賓語My

aunt

sent

me

chocolates.

主語

謂語

間接賓語

直接賓語5.主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語+賓語補足語Running

makes

me

strong.

主語

謂語

賓語

賓語補足語6.存現(xiàn)句［2015.43］There

are

many

books

in

his

schoolbag.There

be

主語

狀語●存現(xiàn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)<ib>There

be</ib>+<ib>主語</ib>+<ib>其他成分</ib>●存現(xiàn)句的變化<ib>肯定句式</ib>There

is

a

cat

in

the

room.There

be

主語

狀語<ib>否定句式</ib>There

is

.

.not

a

bank

nearby.There

be

not

主語

狀語<ib>疑問句式</ib>Are

there

any

books

in

the

box?

Be

there

主語

狀語●存現(xiàn)句的時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時：There

is/are+主語（+其他）一般過去時：There

was/were+主語（+其他）一般將來時：There

is/are

going

to

be/will

be+主語（+其他）●存現(xiàn)句中的主謂一致

There

be句型中be動詞的形式要與離它最近的主語保持一致，即遵循"就近原則"。如：There

is

a

tree

and

some

flowers

in

the

garden.考點2

復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句

并列復(fù)合句是指由并列連詞and,

but,

or等把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。常見的并列連詞的用法講解見專題六

連詞→考點1

并列連詞。主從復(fù)合句

初中階段學(xué)習(xí)的主從復(fù)合句主要包括賓語從句、狀語從句和關(guān)系從句。1.賓語從句

安徽近10年中考真題在單項填空和完形填空中涉及對賓語從句連接詞的考查,具體考查情況為：how［2020.29;

2017.41］,

when［2016.38;

2014.38］,

why［2018.39］，whether［2021.28］。（1）連接詞連接詞用法示例that本身無意義，不充當句子成分，只起連接作用，可省略I

hear

（that）

he

has

passed

the

exam.

我聽說他通過了考試。連接代詞：what,

whom,

which,

whose,

who等在從句中作一定成分，如：主語、賓語、定語等Do

you

know

who

broke

the

window?

你知道是誰打碎了窗戶嗎？連接詞用法示例連接副詞：when,

where,

why,

how等在從句中作狀語Do

you

know

why

he

comes？你知道他為何會來嗎？if/whether意為"是否"，不可省略I

want

to

know

if/whether

they

will

join

us.

我想知道他們是否會加入我們。續(xù)表（2）語序

不管整個句子是表示肯定還是表示疑問，賓語從句都采用陳述語序。如：①

I

know

when

I

can

get

the

result

of

the

test.

我知道我什么時候能得知測驗結(jié)果。②Can

you

tell

me

where

I

can

get

my

car

repaired?

你能告訴我到哪里修車嗎？（3）時態(tài)①<ib>主句：一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時</ib>→<ib>賓語從句：根據(jù)實際情況而定</ib>I

don't

know

when

he

left

last

night.

我不知道昨晚他何時離開的。②<ib>主句：一般過去時、過去進行時</ib>→<ib>賓語從句：與過去相關(guān)的某種時態(tài)</ib>I

didn't

know

who

she

was.

我不知道她是誰。③<ib>主句：任意時態(tài)</ib>→<ib>賓語從句（說明客觀事實或真理）:一般現(xiàn)在時</ib>My

teacher

said

that

the

moon

moves

round

the

Earth.我的老師說過月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn)。2.狀語從句

狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，按其用途主要分為時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句等。狀語從句是安徽中考的必考點，主要在單項填空和完形填空中進行考查。常考的詞有：though,

unless,

if,

since,

because,

until,

while,

as,

before等。（1）狀語從句的分類和用法（講解見專題六

連詞

→考點2

從屬連詞）（2）主句和從句的時態(tài)①主將從現(xiàn)（時間、條件狀語從句中）:<ib>主句：一般將來時</ib>→<ib>從句：一般現(xiàn)在時表將來</ib>If

it

doesn't

rain

tomorrow,

we

will

visit

the

Great

Wall.

如果明天不下雨，我們將去游覽長城。②主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)：<ib>主句：祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動詞</ib>→<ib>從句：一般現(xiàn)在時表將來</ib>You

can

get

good

grades

if

you

study

hard.

你如果努力學(xué)習(xí)，就能取得好成績。③過去時態(tài)：<ib>主句：一般過去時/過去進行時</ib>→<ib>從句：一般過去時/過去進行時</ib>Someone

knocked

at

the

door

when

we

were

having

supper.

當我們正在吃晚飯的時候，有人敲門。3.關(guān)系從句關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分先行詞that,

which作主語、賓語或表語指物that,

who作主語、賓語指人The

horse

that

I

rode

was

lazy.

我騎的那匹馬很懶。The

photo

which

we

liked

best

was

taken

by

Lily.

我們最喜歡的照片是由莉莉拍攝的。關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法（1）關(guān)系代詞只能用that，不能用which的情況①當先行詞為all，anything,

something,

everything,

nothing,

few等不定代詞時。如：There

is

nothing

that

can

stop

him

from

doing

it.

沒有任何東西能夠阻止他做這件事。②當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如：This

is

the

most

expensive

gift

（that）

I

have

ever

got.

這是我收到的最貴的禮物。③當先行詞被the

very,

the

only,

the

same等修飾時。如：This

is

the

very

book

（that）

you

want.這正是你想要的那本書。④當先行詞中既有人又有物時。如：They

are

talking

of

the

designers

and

their

works

that

interest

them.

他們正在談?wù)撍麄兏信d趣的設(shè)計師及其作品。（2）關(guān)系代詞只能用which,不能用that的情況①引導(dǎo)非限制性關(guān)系從句時。如：His

best

movie,

which

won

several

prizes,

was

about

the

life

of

a

poor

woman.他最優(yōu)秀的電影，就是榮獲幾項大獎的那一部，是關(guān)于一個貧窮女人的生平的。②關(guān)系詞前有介詞時。如：This

is

the

city

in

which

I

once

lived.

這就是我曾居住過的城市。（3）關(guān)系代詞的省略

不管關(guān)系從句修飾的是人還是物，如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，通?？梢允÷?。但當關(guān)系詞which、whom在從句中作介詞的賓語并且介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前時，不可省略。如：I

remember

the

day

on

which

I

saw

you

for

the

first

time.

我記得我第一次見你的那一天。語境小測1.[2016安徽中考]

—Look

at

the

stone

bridge!

Do

you

know___it

was

built?—In

the

1860s.

It

is

quite

old.AA.when

B.how

C.where

D.why2.[2014安徽中考]

Rick

has

learned

a

lot

about

Chinese

culture

___

he

came

to

China.DA.before

B.when

C.until

D.since3.It

can

be

difficult

to

fly

a

kite

___

there's

a

wind.AA.unless

B.when

C.because

D.though4.—Do

you

know

___some

animals

sleep

for

the

whole

winter?—One

of

the

reasons

is

that

they

can't

find

enough

food.BA.how

B.why

C.where

D.when5.___

we

work

hard，

we'll

make

our

life

full

of

happiness．AA.If

B.Unless

C.Though

D.Before6.Hurry

up,

___

we

will

miss

the

last

subway.CA.but

B.and

C.or

D.so語篇提升

閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。which

that

be

or

when

Do

you

believe

a

rose

plant

says

"I

want

some

water"

1.____

that

a

tree

shouts

"My

arms

hurt"?

Maybe

you

will

say

2._____

this

could

only

happen

in

some

children's

stories.orthat

In

fact,

plants

are

not

always

silent.

A

recent

study

has

found

plants

shout

3.______

they

are

in

need

of

water.

Even

in

a

quiet

field,

there

are

actually

some

sounds

4._______

carry

information.

However,

the

pitch

（音高）

is

too

high

for

people

to

hear.

"There

5.___

a

possibility

that

a

lot

of

communication

is

happening,"

Professor

Hadany

said.whenwhichis02模擬考題單項填空1.—There

___

a

basketball

game

against

Class

Two

this

Sunday.—I

see.

I

will

come

and

cheer

you

on.AA.is

going

to

be

B.will

have

C.is

going

to

have

D.was

going

to

be2.[2023宿遷中考]

—There

___

a

lot

of

new

magazines

in

our

school

reading

room.—Oh,

really?

Shall

we

go

there

this

afternoon?CA.is

B.was

C.are

D.were3.—The

number

of

words

you

remember

depends

on

___

you

review

them.—I

agree

with

you,

and

I

go

over

words

every

few

days.CA.how

soon

B.how

long

C.how

often

D.how

far4.—I

am

wondering

___

you'd

like

to

come

to

my

party

tomorrow.—I'm

afraid

I

can't

because

I'm

not

feeling

well

these

days.DA.how

B.when

C.why

D.whether5.—Could

you

tell

me

___

you

will

go

to

the

hospital?—Sure.

My

grandpa

is

ill,

and

I

want

to

look

after

him.CA.how

B.when

C.why

D.whether6.—Could

you

please

tell

me

___the

ancient

Silk

Road

started？—In

the

Han

Dynasty.BA.where

B.when

C.how

D.why7.[2023合肥包河區(qū)三模]

—Do

you

think

we

can

get

to

the

airport

on

time?—Yes,

___

the

car

doesn't

break

down.CA.though

B.unless

C.if

D.until8.I

will

never

forget

the

people

___

have

helped

me

and

encouraged

me

during

the

past

three

years.BA.which

B.who

C.whose

D.whom語篇填空

請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇適當?shù)脑~填空。每詞限用一次。what

where

and

that

but

Laozi

is

a

great

man

in

China.

He

tells

us

1.