高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars-

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars1/40-2-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子【識記閱讀單詞】1.atomn.

原子

2.billionpron.&n.&adj.

<英>萬億;<美>十億

3.globen.

球體;地球儀;地球

4.carbonn.

碳

5.atmospheren.

大氣層;氣氛

6.fundamentaladj.

基本;基礎(chǔ)

7.acidn.

酸

8.chainn.

鏈子;連鎖;鎖鏈

2/40-3-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子9.multiplyvi.&vt.

乘;增加

10.oxygenn.

氧

11.dioxiden.

二氧化物

12.gravityn.

萬有引力;重力

13.satelliten.

衛(wèi)星;人造衛(wèi)星

14.climaten.

氣候

15.crashvi.&vt.

碰撞;墜落

16.spaceshipn.

宇宙飛船

3/40-4-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子【拼寫高頻單詞】1.

system

n.系統(tǒng);體系;制度

2.

theory

n.學(xué)說;理論

3.

unlike

prep.不一樣;不像

4.

thus

adv.所以;于是

5.

puzzle

n.謎;難題vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)為難

6.

pull

n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力

【拓展關(guān)鍵單詞】1.

astronomy

n.天文學(xué)→

astronaut

n.宇航員→

astronomer

n.天文學(xué)家

2.

religion

n.宗教;宗教信仰→

religious

adj.宗教;虔誠

4/40-5-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子3.

violent

adj.猛烈;激烈;強(qiáng)暴→

violently

adv.強(qiáng)烈地→

violence

n.暴力

4.

harmful

adj.有害→

harm

n.傷害;危害→

harm

vt.傷害;危害→

harmless

adj.無害

5.

exist

vi.存在;生存→

existence

n.存在;生活(方式)

6.

biology

n.生物學(xué)→

biologist

n.生物學(xué)家

7.

gentle

adj.溫和;文雅→

gently

adv.輕輕地;溫柔地,溫和地

8.

physicist

n.物理學(xué)家→

physics

n.物理學(xué)→

physical

adj.物理;物理學(xué)

9.

float

vi.&vt.(使)浮動;(使)漂浮→

float

n.漂浮物

5/40-6-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子1.harmful和harm使用方法掃描doharmtosb./dosb.harm對某人有害beharmfultosb./sth.對某人/某物有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth./Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事并無壞處(反而可能帶來一些好處)。2.“良好性格”描寫gentle溫和easy-going隨和outgoing外向generous慷慨6/40-7-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子3.“太空”單詞集錦astronomern.天文學(xué)家astronomyn.天文學(xué)astronautn.宇航員satelliten.衛(wèi)星orbitn.軌道universen.宇宙gravityn.萬有引力planetn.行星spaceshipn.宇宙飛船atmospheren.大氣層7/40-8-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子4.由thus想到therefore所以however然而even甚至still依然ever曾經(jīng)never從來沒有8/40-9-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子【識記】1.solarsystem

太陽系

2.carbondioxide

二氧化碳

3.layeggs

下蛋

4.givebirthto

產(chǎn)生;分娩

5.blockout

擋住(光線)

6.cheerup

感到高興;感到振奮

7.watchoutfor

親密注意;當(dāng)心;提防

9/40-10-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子【默寫】1.及時;終于

in

time

2.輪到某人;接著

in

one’s

turn

3.阻止;阻止

prevent...from

4.既然

now

that

5.突發(fā);暴發(fā)

break

out

10/40-11-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子1.cheer慣用短語cheeron向……歡呼,為……鼓勁加油cheerup(使)高興起來,(使)振奮起來Cheers!干杯!2.“小心;當(dāng)心”高頻短語becareful小心watchoutfor小心;當(dāng)心lookout當(dāng)心takecare小心11/40-12-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子3.birth使用方法小結(jié)givebirthto生,引發(fā),產(chǎn)生atbirth在出生時bybirth在血統(tǒng)上frombirth自出生以來12/40-13-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子1.Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,which

were

to

make

theearth’satmosphere.

它們最終產(chǎn)生了二氧化碳、氮氣、水蒸氣和其它各種氣體,從而形成了地球大氣層。考點提煉betodosth.“計劃干某事,注定干某事”。2.Thisproducedachainreaction,which

made

it

possible

forlifetodevelop.

這就產(chǎn)生了一系列反應(yīng),使得生命就有可能發(fā)展了。考點提煉“makeit+adj.+forsb./sth.+todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中,it是形式賓語,代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。13/40-14-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子3.Wewatched,amazed

as

firebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceship

as

theearth’sgravityincreased.

我們驚奇地看著,伴隨地球引力增加,宇宙飛船外層燃燒起火。考點提煉第一個as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,意為“當(dāng)……時候”;第二個as也引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,意為“伴隨……”。14/40-15-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子1.約翰總是樂于幫助他人,這就注定了他會受歡迎。John

is

always

ready

to

help

others,which

is

to

make

him

very

popular.2.他們團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作,這就使得他們可能在三小時內(nèi)完成這項工作。They

work

together,which

makes

it

possible

for

them

to

finish

the

work

within

three

hours.3.我一邊寫,筆一邊顫動。My

pen

trembles

as

I

write.15/40-16-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子Noone1.

knows

(know)exactlyhowtheearthbegan.Accordingtoa2.

widely

(wide)acceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”,3.

which

explodedloudlyandproducedwatervapourandmany4.

gases

(gas)makingtheearth’satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterappearedandstayed5.

on

thesurface.Itwasthepresenceofwaterthatallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas,whichmade6.

it

possibleforlifetodevelop.First,theappearanceofsmallplantsencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland,7.

followed

(follow)bylandanimals.Soreptilesappearedforthefirsttime.16/40-17-Ⅰ.單詞Ⅱ.短語Ⅲ.句式Ⅳ.語篇填空積累·串記聯(lián)想·歸納仿造句子Later,dinosaursdeveloped.However,theysuddenlydisappeared.Afterthat,mammalscameintobeing.Finally,humans8.

appeared

(appear)andspreadallovertheearth.However,theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,9.

making

(make)theearthtoohottoliveon.So,whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependon10.

whether

thisproblemcanbesolved.

17/40-18-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式23456171.in

time及時;遲早;總有一天領(lǐng)悟高考·究考法「◆用in

time或者on

time填空」(1)Peoplewillonlyseeitasarealchoiceifthebusesandtrainsare

on

time

.(·山東,閱讀表示)

假如公共汽車和火車按點話,人們會以為它是一個真正選擇。(2)Wearrivedinthesummer,just

in

time

toenjoythemidnightsun.(·四川,閱讀了解B)

我們是夏天抵達(dá),恰好來得及享受午夜太陽?！浮魡尉鋵懽鳌?3)假如堅持下去,總有一天你會成功。If

you

keep

on,you

will

succeed

in

time.

18/40-19-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式2345617聯(lián)想拓展·記考點(1)attimes有時;偶然;不時(2)ontime按時;按時(3)innotime馬上;馬上(4)atonetime曾經(jīng);一度(5)atnotime從不;決不(6)allthetime一直;一直(7)atatime一次;每次19/40-20-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式23456172.exist

vi.存在,生存派生existence

n.存在,生存existent

adj.存在,現(xiàn)存領(lǐng)悟高考·究考法「◆翻譯句子」(1)Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.(·四川,閱讀了解D)它大量存在于牛奶中。(2)Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn’texistyet.(·北京,完形填空)然而,噴氣式飛機(jī)和大卡車還不存在。20/40-21-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式2345617「◆用exist適當(dāng)形式填空」(3)There

exist

differentopinionsonthisquestion.

對于這個問題存在著不一樣意見。(4)Thechangeendangersthevery

existence

ofcertainanimalsandbirds.(·陜西,閱讀了解C)

這種改變威脅到了一些動物和鳥生存。(5)Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldn’t

exist

.(·課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ,閱讀了解D)

假如人們過正常生活,這些咖啡店就不會存在。21/40-22-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式2345617聯(lián)想拓展·記考點(1)Thereexists/existed...某地存在有……(2)existon靠……為生(3)comeintoexistence開始存在,成立(4)oexistence使發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生22/40-23-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式23456173.in

one’s

turn輪到某人;接著領(lǐng)悟高考·究考法「◆完成句子」(1)When

it’s

in

my

turn

,I’mtooexcitedtospeak.

當(dāng)輪到我時,我太興奮以至于講不出話來了。(2)Hecookedthemeal

in

his

turn

thisweek.

本周輪到他做飯了。聯(lián)想拓展·記考點(1)inturn輪番地;挨個;依次;反過來(2)outofturn不依次序地(3)taketurns依次;輪班;輪番(4)byturns輪番地;交替地23/40-24-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式23456174.prevent

sb.

from

doing

sth.阻止某人做某事領(lǐng)悟高考·究考法「◆介詞填空或用所給詞適當(dāng)形式填空」(1)Thedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchers

from

findingcuresforcertaindiseases.(·陜西,閱讀了解C)

這些物種毀滅會阻止研究者們找到治愈一些疾病方法。(2)Beehives—eitherrecordedorreal—mayevenpreventelephantsfrom

damaging

(damage)farmers’crops.(·安徽,閱讀了解B)

不論是記載還是事實,蜂窩甚至能阻止大象損壞農(nóng)民莊稼。24/40-25-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式2345617聯(lián)想拓展·記考點preventsb.fromdoingsth.同義短語有stopsb.fromdoingsth.和keepsb.fromdoingsth.。不過需要注意是:在主動語態(tài)中,prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中from能夠省略,但keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from則不能省略;在被動語態(tài)中,三個結(jié)構(gòu)中from都不能省略。Inordertokeep

the

children

from

swimminginthesea,hekeepsthemstayingathomeallday.為了不讓孩子們?nèi)ズ＠镉斡?他把孩子們整天關(guān)在家里。25/40-26-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式23456175.pull

n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力領(lǐng)悟高考·究考法「◆用適當(dāng)介詞或者副詞填空」(1)Larrypulled

over

,setthebrakeandgotholdofthefireextinguisher.(·全國乙,完形填空)

Larry把車停到路邊,拉了手剎,拿起滅火器幫忙滅火。(2)Onafamilycartrip,herAuntDedepulled

out

a

copyofHarry

Potter,asasurpriseforhernice.(·四川,完形填空)在一次家庭自駕游途中,她姑媽Dede掏出一本《哈利·波特》作為給侄女驚喜。26/40-27-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式2345617(3)Hearinghercoughingbitterlyonenight,Idecidedtopullher

from

itall.(·天津,完形填空)

一天晚上聽到她痛苦地咳嗽,我決定不讓她去訓(xùn)練了。(4)Isatdownonthefloorandpulledafewbooks

off

theshelfatrandom.(·天津,閱讀了解C)

我坐在地板上,隨手從架子上拖過來幾本書?！浮舴g句子」(5)Theywrappedoneendofaropearoundtheblockandpulled.(·四川,閱讀了解E)他們把繩子一頭繞纏在木頭上然后拉。(6)Wouldyoumindgivingthebellapull?不介意話,請拉一下鈴好嗎?27/40-28-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式2345617聯(lián)想拓展·記考點(1)pulldown拆除,摧毀(建筑物)(2)pullin(火車)進(jìn)站?？?3)pulloff駛向路邊短暫停車;完成(4)pullup停頓(5)pullout(火車)出站;駛離路邊(6)pullover向路邊?？?或讓車)28/40-29-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式23456176.break

out(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生;暴發(fā)領(lǐng)悟高考·究考法「◆單句寫作」(1)一天晚上,戰(zhàn)爭暴發(fā)了。(·重慶,閱讀了解A)War

broke

out

one

evening.

(2)夜間突然發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。Fire

broke

out

during

the

night.

29/40-30-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式2345617聯(lián)想拓展·記考點(1)breakawayfrom脫離;擺脫;甩掉(2)breakdown毀掉;把……分解;(身體)垮下來;拋錨(3)breakin非法闖進(jìn);打斷;插嘴(4)breakinto破門而入;非法闖進(jìn)(5)breakoff折斷;中止;突然停頓(6)breakthrough突圍;突破(7)breakup分解;打壞;驅(qū)散;結(jié)束30/40-31-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式23456177.now

that既然;因為領(lǐng)悟高考·究考法「◆誦讀或翻譯句子」(1)Now

thatChicago’swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity’snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.(·湖南,閱讀了解B)既然芝加哥廢水都有效地排到了這條芝加哥河里,那么這個城市下一步工作就是凈化這條污染了河。(2)Now

thatthekidshavelefthome,wehavegotalotofextraspace.孩子們都離開家了,我們住著就更寬綽了。31/40-32-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式2345617聯(lián)想拓展·記考點慣用引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句連詞有because,since,as,considering等。Consideringitiseighto’clock,we’llwaitnolonger.因為已經(jīng)八點了,我們不再等了。32/40-33-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式211.This

produced

a

chain

reaction,which

made

it

possible

for

life

to

develop.這就產(chǎn)生了一系列反應(yīng),使得生命就有可能發(fā)展了。分析提煉·究考法“make+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+真正賓語(賓語從句或動詞不定式等)”是固定句式。賓語補(bǔ)足語能夠由形容詞、名詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。慣用于此結(jié)構(gòu)動詞還有think,feel,find,consider,take等。33/40-34-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式21領(lǐng)悟考法·用考點「◆翻譯句子」(1)Hemade

it

his

duty

to

take

care

of

the

old

man.他把照料這位老人看成自己責(zé)任。(2)Unfortunately,thetreesmade

it

impossibleforpeopleto

seeherfromtheabove.(·10浙江,寫作)不幸是,這些樹木使得人們無法從上方看到她。34/40-35-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式212.But

when

I

tried

to

step

forward,I

found

I

was

carried

twice

as

far

as

on

the

earth

and

fell

over.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步時,我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn),步子跨度竟是在地球上兩倍,因而我摔倒了。分析提煉·究考法twiceasfaras...是一個倍數(shù)表示方法,意為“是……兩倍遠(yuǎn)”。英語中慣用倍數(shù)表示法有:(1)A+be+倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.原級+as+B(2)A+be+倍數(shù)+adj./adv.比較級+than+B(3)A+be+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size/weight/length...)+ofB35/40-36-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式21領(lǐng)悟考法·用考點「◆完成句子」(1)Jessicadevotedthree

times

as

much

time

and

energyasshedidbefore,soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.

杰西卡付出是以前時間和精力三倍,所以我相信她這次能成功。(2)Thosegivennightmilkcontained

10

times

the

amount

ofmelatonin.(·四川,閱讀了解D)

那些參加試驗“夜間牛奶”包含了10倍褪黑素量。36/40-37-關(guān)鍵詞匯關(guān)鍵句式21「◆一句多譯」(3)據(jù)報道,最近發(fā)覺了一顆行星,它幾乎是地球三倍大。①Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmost

three

times

as

large

astheearth.

②Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmost

three

times

bigger

thantheearth.

③Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmost

three

times

the

size

oftheearth.

37/40-38-ⅠⅡⅠ.單句填空1.Aftersheclosedthedoorwith

violence

,shefeltherheartbeat

violently

.(violent)

2.Shegotinterest