2021年高考英語調(diào)研大一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)32Unit2RobotsB卷

課時(shí)作業(yè)32RobotsⅠ.閱讀理解(四川成都外國語學(xué)校檢測)Kandareallydoesn'tliketowalkalone.Thescientistfromaresearchinstituteofintelligentrobotsfindstheexperiencesoboringthathe'dratherdrive—eventhoughhelivesclosetohislabandknowsthatwalkingishealthy.“Ienjoywalkingwithsomeone,likewithmywife,withmydaughter，”Kandasaid.“Buttheyarenotalwaysavailable.”SoKanda,whospecializesinhuman-likerobots,developedaroboticwalkingpartnerthatcouldmakesmalltalkbasedonitssurroundings,which,hehopes,mightmotivatepeopletogetoutandexercisemore.Therobotrestsonaperson'sshoulderlikeaboxyparrot.Itweighsaboutapoundandahalfandsitsroughly8.5incheshigh,3.5incheswide,and10incheslong.Amicrophone,aspeaker,andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate.It'sevenequippedwithasmile.Kandaandhisteamcollectedvideofromfivedifferentlocations,includingagardenandashoppingmall,andcreatedadatasetofsmalltalktopicsrelatedtoeachlocation.Thentheyprogrammedtherobottoassociatevisualcueswithspecifictopics.Aspecialspeechsoftwareprovidedtherobotwithavoice.Nearagroupofparkedcars,forexample,itmightsay,“InabigparkinglotsometimesIforgetwhereIparked.”Theytestedtheroboton15volunteers,10malesand5females,whowerepaidandaveragedabout26yearsold.“Haveyoueverblownapuffofdandelion(蒲公英)seedsintotheair？”Therobotaskedaparticipantwhosmiledandresponded,“Yes,IoftendidthatwhenIwasachild.”Althoughseveralparticipantsnotedtherobot'sweight,Kandawassurprisedthatnooneconsideredtheexperiencestrangeorfunny.“Iguesspeopleenjoynewtechnologies，”hesaid.Justlikeahumanpartner,Kanda'srobotisn'tperfect.It'snotabletogoforwalksinheavyrainand,whiletherobotcanmakeexpressions,itcan'treallyholdaconversation,aboutwhichKandaismostworried.Despiteitslimits,Kandawascomfortedbytherobot'spresence.“Ifeltakindofsenseofbeingwithsomeone，”hesaid,“particularlywhenitspoke.”本文主要講述了科學(xué)家Kanda因不喜歡自己一個(gè)人走路，需要有人陪伴而產(chǎn)生靈感，發(fā)明了可以陪人走路的機(jī)器人。這個(gè)機(jī)器人還可以根據(jù)場合的不同說出簡單的句子，讓人有種被陪伴的感覺。1．WhydoesKandahavetheideaofdevelopingaroboticwalkingpartner?A．Becausehewantssomeonetoaccompanyhimwhilewalking.B．Becausehehasneverdevelopedarobotlikeaparrot.C．Becausehisfamilyareunwillingtowalkwithhim.D．Becauseheiscrazyaboutdevelopingrobots.答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Kanda的自述說自己喜歡家人的陪伴，不喜歡自己一個(gè)人走路，到第二段中“SoKanda,whospecializesinhuman-likerobots,developedaroboticwalkingpartnerthatcouldmakesmalltalkbasedonitssurroundings,which,hehopes,mightmotivatepeopletogetoutandexercisemore.”可知，Kanda是希望有人陪伴自己走路，才有了發(fā)明這種機(jī)器人的想法。故選A。2．Whatcharacteristicdoestherobothave?A．Itcan“speak”and“see”．B．Itcanwalklikeahumanbeing.C．Itcancommunicatewithpeoplefreely.D．Itismuchmorehumorousthanarealperson.答案：A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Amicrophone,aspeaker,andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate.”以及第三段“Aspecialspeechsoftwareprovidedtherobotwithavoice.Nearagroupofparkedcars,forexample,itmightsay,‘InabigparkinglotsometimesIforgetwhereIparked.’”可知，這個(gè)機(jī)器人可以“說話”也可以“看”。故選A。3．Whatisnecessaryfortherobottofunction?A．Asmallsize.B．Aboxyshape.C．Ahumanpartner.D．Aspeechsoftware.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘Ifeltakindofsenseofbeingwithsomeone，’hesaid,‘particularlywhenitspoke.’”可知，當(dāng)機(jī)器人說話的時(shí)候最能讓人有陪伴感，所以他的聲音系統(tǒng)是必不可少的。故選D。4．WhatisKandamostlikelytodoabouthisrobotnext?A．Tomakeitmoreconvenienttocarry.B．Toimproveitsconversationalskills.C．Toenableittowalkinheavyrain.D．Tobetteritssoundsystem.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“whiletherobotcanmakeexpressions,itcan'treallyholdaconversation,aboutwhichKandaismostworried”可知，不能進(jìn)行對話是Kanda最擔(dān)心的事情，所以他接下來會(huì)改進(jìn)這一方面。故選B。Ⅱ.閱讀填句(吉林長春十一中檢測)Whilebeinglostinthewoodscanbeafrighteningexperience,survivingaloneinthewildisgenerallyamatterofcommonsense,patience,andwiselyusingthegiftsthatnatureprovides.__1__Doyourresearchfirst.Don'tjusttrekoffintothewilderness;getasolidunderstandingofyoursurroundingsfirst.Studyingamapoftheareawhereyou'regoing—andmakingsuretobringitwithyou—willincreaseyourchancesofnotgettinglosttremendously.Educateyourselfaboutthefloraandfaunaoftheareayouareexploring.__2____3__AcellphonewithasparebatteryoraportableCBradiocanbeyourbest,quickestmeansofrescueifyouaretrulylostorinjured.Acellsignalmayonlybeobtainableonlyfromahillortree,butisbetterthannothing.SerioushikersmayevenconsiderinvestinginapersonallocatorbeaconsuchastheSPOTMessengerforextended,precarious,orveryremotetreks.Don'tpanicifyou'relost.Panicismoredangerousthanalmostanythingelse,becauseitinterfereswiththeoperationofyoursinglebest,mostusefulandversatilesurvivaltool:yourmind.Themomentyourealizethatyouarelost,beforeyoudoanythingelse,stop.__4__Beforeyouact,followtheideaofSTOP:S＝sitdown,T＝think,O＝observeyoursurroundings,P＝prepareforsurvivalbygatheringmaterials.Signalyourlocation.Makenoisebywhistling,shouting,singing,orbangingrockstogether.__5__Ifyou'reinamountainmeadow,makethreepilesofdarkleavesorbranchesinatriangle.Insandyareas,makealargetriangleinthesand.Threeofanythinginthewildernessisastandarddistresssignal.A．Bringameansofcommunication.B．Starvationwon'tbeabigproblem.C．Takeadeepbreathandstaycalm.D．Havingstrengthinnumberswillhelpyousurvive.E．Ifyoucan,markyourlocationinsuchawaythatit'svisiblefromtheair.F．Knowledgeofthelocalplantsandanimalscansaveyourlife.G．Ifyouwanttoknowhowtosurviveinthewoods,justfollowthesesteps.文章講述了在野外迷路時(shí)應(yīng)該采取的有效措施。1．解析：上文寫在森林迷路是令人恐懼的事，野外生存需要常識、耐心和明智地利用自然資源。下文是具體措施，G項(xiàng)“如果你想知道怎樣在森林里生存，遵循下列步驟”承上啟下，故選G。2．解析：本段講要先進(jìn)行調(diào)查，上句講要熟悉你所探索區(qū)域的動(dòng)植物，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“對當(dāng)?shù)貏?dòng)植物的了解能挽救生命”承接上文。localplantsandanimals與上句的thefloraandfaunaofthearea意思一致，故選F。3．解析：根據(jù)下文的“AcellphonewithasparebatteryoraportableCBradio...”可知，本段講攜帶通信設(shè)備的作用，故A項(xiàng)符合語境。4．解析：本段講迷路后不要驚慌，此處講做事前要深呼吸以保特鎮(zhèn)靜。故選C。5．解析：本段講要示意你的位置，通過發(fā)出聲音或制作標(biāo)記來求救。E項(xiàng)中markyourlocation與本段內(nèi)容一致，故選E。Ⅲ.語法填空(山西安康檢測)Hospitalshaven'talwaysbeencleanandquietplaces.Longagotheyweredirtyandcrowded.Nurseswerenevertaught__1__tolookaftertheirpatientsandmanypeopledied.ItwasFlorenceNightingalewhochangedallthis.Florencewasbornin1820.Asachild,sheoftenwentwithhermother__2__(visit)thepoorpeople.Theytookfoodandmedicinetothesick.Itwasthesevisitsthatfirstgavehertheideaofbecoming__3__nurse.Herchancecamein1854whenBritainwenttowarwithRussia.Florence__4__(ask)bythegovernmenttotakeagroupofnursestolookafterthesickandthe__5__(wound).Thehospitalsweredirty,andtherewasn'tenoughmedicine.Florenceandherteamworkedveryhard,__6__(clean)thehospitalroomsandmadethebedeveryday.Atnight,shewouldgofromroomtoroom,__7__(check)onthepatients.Sheoftenstayedtotalktothepatientsandprovidedcomfort__8__them.Afterthewar,Florenceopenedaschooltoteachnursestolookaftertheirpatients__9__(proper).However,sheneverreallymadeafull__10__(recover)fromtheillnessthatshehadgotinthewar,andshediedin1910.本文是對護(hù)理事業(yè)的創(chuàng)始人、現(xiàn)代護(hù)理教育的奠基人弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾的介紹。1．解析：考查疑問詞。根據(jù)語境，此處指以前的護(hù)士從未被教過要如何照顧病人，故用how。2．解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為不定式短語在句中作目的狀語。3．解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表泛指，指“成為一名護(hù)士”，故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。4．解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處說的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；又根據(jù)空后的“bythegovernment”可知，F(xiàn)lorence與ask之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。5．解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?！皌he＋adj.”是固定用法，表示一類人，故填wounded。6．解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處cleaned與worked和made并列作句子的謂語，故也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。7．解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。check與其邏輯主語she之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。8．解析：考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指的應(yīng)是“她給他們提供慰藉”，providesth.forsb.＝providesb.withsth.。9．解析：考查副詞?？仗幮揎條ookafter，應(yīng)用副詞形式。10．解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)語境及空前的“afull”可知此處應(yīng)用名詞。Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)(山東萊蕪第一次檢測)IhavenoticedthatmuchofthefictionandnonfictionworkspublishinginTeenMagazinehaveahappyending.Whilethesearepleasantlytoread,onehastoaskhowitispossiblethatthereissomuchoptimism.I'mallforpositivethinking,andreadersshouldalsobeexposedbythedarkersideoflife.Whypublishastoryaboutsomeonewhoseexperiencesatragedyandgetsnothinginreturn?Afterall,that'slife.Noteverystoryhaveahappyending.IthinkthiswouldbenefitfromTeenMagazine'sreaderstoseebothkinds:happyandreal.答案與解析1．much→many考查代詞。works指“作品”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)該用many而不是much修飾。2．publishing→published考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。publishedinTeenMagazine作works的定語，跟所修飾的名詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。3．pleasantly→pleasant考查形容詞與副詞。作表語應(yīng)該用形容詞而不是副詞。4．a(chǎn)nd→but考查連詞。and表并列關(guān)系，而此處前后兩句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。5．by→to考查動(dòng)詞短語。beexposedto為固定搭配，意為“遭受，暴露于……”。6．Why后加not考查行文邏輯。Whynot...？是表示提建議的固定句型，所以在Why后加上not。7．whose→who/that考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。此句為定語從句，先行詞為someone，從句中缺少主語，故需要關(guān)系代詞who/that充當(dāng)從句的主語。8．have→has考查主謂一致。every