計(jì)算機(jī)導(dǎo)論課后習(xí)題答案1

計(jì)算機(jī)導(dǎo)論課后習(xí)題答案

KeyToChapterReview(Chapter1)

CrosswordPuzzleAnswers:

Across

Num.ClueAnswer

1Themostessentialpartofaninformationsystem.People

7Coordinatescomputerresources.OperatingSystem

10Modifiessignalsfbrprocessing.Modem

12Datathathasbeenprocessedbythecomputer.Information

13Unprocessedfacts.Data

14NotebookcomputerthatacceptshandwrittenTabletPC

input..

Down

Num.ClueAnswer

2Usescomputerstobecomemoreproductive.EndUser

3RulesorguidelinestofollowwhenusingProcedures

software,hardware,anddata.

4Createdbywordprocessors.DocumentFiles

5SpecializedprogramsthatallowinputandoutputDeviceDrivers

devicestocommunicate.

6Createdbydatabasemanagementprograms.DatabaseFiles

8Thephysicalequipmentofamicrocomputer.Hardware

9Theworld'slargestcomputernetwork.Internet

13Providesstep-by-stepinstructionstotheSoftware

computer.

NumMultipleChoiceMatching

AnswersAnswers

1BE

2BF

3AI

4BH

5DA

6Dc

7AG

8cB

9DD

10DJ

OpenEndedQuestions:

11.Explainthefivepartsofaninformationsystem.What

partdopeopleplayinthissystem?

a.People:makingpeople,orendusersmore

productive.

Procedures:Therulesorguidelinesforpeopleto

followwhenusingsoftware,hardware,anddataare

procedures.

Software:Aprogramconsistsofthestep-by-step

instructionsthattellthecomputerhowtodoits

work.Thepurposeofsoftwareistoconvertdata

(unprocessedfacts)intoinformation(processed

facts).

Hardware:Theequipmentthatprocessesthedatato

createinformationiscalledhardware.

Data:Theraw,unprocessedfacts,includingtext,

numbers,images,andsounds,arecalleddata.

b.Peoplearesurelythemostimportantpartofany

informationsystem.Ourlivesaretouchedeveryday

bycomputersandinformationsystems.

12.Whatissystemsoftware?Whatkindsofprogramsare

includedinsystemsoftware?

c.Systemsoftwareenablestheapplicationsoftwareto

interactwiththecomputerhardware.System

softwareis“background“softwarethathelpsthe

computermanageitsowninternalresources.

d.Itconsistsofoperatingsystems,utilities,and

devicedrivers.

13.Defineandcomparebasicandspecializedapplication

software.Describesomedifferenttypesofbasic

applications.Describesometypesofspecialized

applications.

e.Basicapplications,orgeneral-purpose

applications,arewidelyusedinnearlyallcareer

areas.Theyarethekindsofprogramsyouhaveto

knowtobeconsideredcomputercompetent.Oneof

thesebasicapplicationsisabrowsertonavigate,

explore,andfindinformationontheInternet.

f.Specializedapplications,alsoknownas

special-purposeapplications,includethousandsof

otherprogramsthataremorenarrowlyfocusedon

specificdisciplinesandoccupations.Someofthe

bestknownaregraphics,audio,video,multimedia,

Webauthoring,andartificialintelligence

programs.

14.Describethedifferenttypesofcomputers.Whatisthe

mostcommontype?Whatarethetypesofmicrocomputers?

g.Therearefourtypesofcomputers:supercomputers,

mainframe,computers,minicomputers,and

microcomputers.

h.Microcomputersarethemostwidelyusedand

fastest-growing,typeofcomputer.(10)

i.Therearefourtypesofmicrocomputers:desktop,

notebook,tabletPC,andhandheldcomputers.

15.Whatisconnectivity?Howarethewirelessrevolution

andconnectivityrelated?Whatisacomputernetwork?

WhatistheInternet?WhatistheWeb?

j.Connectivityisthecapabilityofyour

microcomputertoshareinformationwithother

computers.

k.Thesinglemostdramaticchangeinconnectivityin

thepastfiveyearshasbeenthewidespreaduseof

mobileorwirelesscommunicationdevices.These

wirelessapplicationsarejustthebeginningofthe

wirelessrevolution,arevolutionthatisexpected

todramaticallyaffectthewaywecommunicateand

usecomputertechnology.

1.Acomputernetworkisacommunicationssystem

connectingtwoormorecomputers.

m.ThelargestnetworkintheworldistheInternet.

Itislikeagianthighwaythatconnectsyouto

millionsofotherpeopleandorganizationslocated

throughouttheworld.

TheWeb,alsoknownastheWorldWideWeborWWW,providesamultimedia

interfacetothenumerousresourcesavailableontheInternet.

KeyToChapterReview(Chapter2)

CrosswordPuzzleAnswers:

Across

Num.ClueAnswer

2ProvideusersaconnectiontotheInternet.ISP

3Unwelcomee-mail.Spam

5ExploretheWeb.Surf

7Internetuploadinganddownloadingservice.FTP

8Stealscreditcardinformation.Carder

9Afile,suchasadocumentorworksheet,thatisattachedAttachment

toane-mailmessage.

10Involvesthesaleofaproducttoanotherbusiness.B2B

13ConnectiontoWebresources.Link

15ProcessoftransferringinformationfromaremoteDownload

computertothecomputeroneisusing.

Down

Num.ClueAnswer

1ThesitesthatasearchenginereturnsafterrunningaHits

keywordsearch.

4SpecialprogramwritteninJava.Applet

5Locatesinformationonline.SearchEngine

6LocationofWebresource.URL

11ProgramthatprovidesaccesstoWebBrowser

12Usedtoblockcertainsites.Filter

14Provideshigh-speedconnectionusingexistingtelephoneDSL

lines.

NumMultipleChoiceMatching

AnswersAnswers

1di

2ad

3cg

4ce

5af

6ac

7ah

8aJ

9da

10bb

OpenEndedQuestions:

11.DiscusstheusesoftheInternet.Whichactivitieshaveyouparticipated

in?Whichonedoyouthinkisthemostpopular?

SomeoftheusesoftheInternetarecommunicating,shopping,searching,

entertainment,andeducation.Someactivitiesofcommunicatingare

e-mailing,instantmessaging,anddiscussiongroups.Someactivitiesof

entertainmentaremusic,movies,andcomputergames.Otheractivitiesto

participateinareshopping,doingresearchonline,andusingonline

periodicals.Themostpopulariscommunicating.

12.Explainthedifferencesbetweenthethreetypesofproviders.

NationalServiceProviders

?Providers,suchasAOL,arethemostwidelyused.

?Provideaccessthroughstandardtelephoneconnections

RegionalServiceProviders

?Provideaccessthroughstandardtelephoneconnections

?Serviceasmallerarea

?Userswil1incurlongdistancechargesifoutsidetheirarea

WirelessServiceProviders

?Donotusetelephoneconnects

?Usewirelessmodemsandothertypesofwirelessdevicestoprovidea

connection

1.Whatarethebasicelementsofane-mailmessage?

Theheader,themessage,andthesignatureline

4.Whatissocialnetworking?Describethethreetypesofsocialnetworking

sites.

Socialnetworkingisconnectingindividualstooneanother.Therearethree

basiccategoriesofsocialnetworkingsites:reuniting,friend-of-a-friend,

andcommoninterest.

?Reuniting:sitesdesignedtoconnectpeoplewhohaveknownoneanother

buthavelosttouch.

?Friend-of-a-friend:sitesdesignedtobringtogethertwopeoplewho

donotknowoneanotherbutshareacommonfriend.

?Commoninterest:sitesdesignedtobringtogetherindividualsthat

sharecommoninterestsorhobbies.

5.Describethedifferenttypesofsearchengines.Giveanexampleofthetype

ofsearcheachengineisbestfor.

Searchengines

?Keywordsearch-useswordsandphrasestofindinformation

?Directorysearch-Alsoknownasanindexsearchorganizesinformation

bytopicand/orcategory

Ex:Google,Yahoo,andAskjeeves

Metasearchengines

?Automaticallysendsrequeststoseveralsearchengines

simultaneously

Ex:Dogpile,Profusion,andMetacrawler

Specializedsearchengines

Focusonaspecificsubject

Ex:Infomat.com,Historynet.com,andM

KeyToChapterReview(Chapters)

CrosswordPuzzleAnswers:

Across

Num.ClueAnswer

4Rectangularareathatcontainsmessages.Window

5Systemtoorganizeandretrievedata.DBMS

8Collectionofindividualapplications.SoftwareSuite

10Rearrangerecordsusingafield.Sort

11Formedbyintersectionofrowandcolumn.Cell

14Collectionofrelateddata.Database

16Flyer,report,newsletter,Webpage.Document

17Thesemakeupapresentation.Slides

18Questionorrequestfordatainadatabase.Query

Down

Num.ClueAnswer

1Listofcommands.Menu

2RectangulargridofrowsandcolumnsusedinprogramsWorksheet

likeExcel.

3Hasrecordsandfields.Table

6Controlsformatandplacementofslides.MasterSlide

7Requestsuserinput.DialogBox

9Movesinsertionpointtonextline.WordWrap

12Seriesofcells.Range

13Averticalblockofcellsonecellwide.Column

15Containbuttonsandmenus.Toolbars

NumMultipleChoiceMatching

AnswersAnswers

1DJ

2DA

3BC

4DH

5DB

6AD

7BI

8BE

9cG

10DF

OpenEndedQuestions:

6.Explainthedifferencebetweengeneral-purposeandspecial-purpose

applications.

General-purposeapplicationsarewidelyusedinnearlyeverydisciplineand

occupation.Theyincludewordprocessors,spreadsheets,databasemanagement

systems,andpresentationgraphics,special-purposeapplicationsaremore

narrowlyfocusedonspecificdisciplinesandoccupations,suchasgraphics

programs,audioandvideoeditors,

7.Discussthecommonfeaturesofmostsoftwareprograms.Describethenew

interfaceintroducedwith2007MicrosoftOffice.

ThenewestOfficeversion,2007MicrosoftOffice,hasaredesignedinterface

thatisintendedtomakeiteasierforuserstofindanduseallthefeatures

ofanapplication.Thisnewdesignintroducesribbons,contextualtabs,

galleries,andmore.

?Ribbonsreplacemenusandtoolbarsbyorganizingcommonlyusedcommands

intoasetoftabs.Thesetabsdisplaycommandbuttonsthatarethemost

relevanttothetasksbeingperformedbytheuser.

?Contextualtabsaretabsthatappearautomatically.Thesetabsonlyappear

whentheyareneededandanticipatethenextoperationstobeperformedby

theuser.

?Galleriessimplifytheprocessofmakingaselectionfromalistof

alternatives.Thisisaccomplishedbyreplacingmanydialogboxeswith

visualpresentationsofpotentialresults.

Thisnewinterfaceisthefirstmajorchangeinoveradecade.

8.Whatisthedifferencebetweenafunctionandaformula?Howisaformula

relatedtowhat-ifanalysis?

Aformulaisaninstructiontocalculateorprocess.Functionsare

prewrittenformulasprovidedbythespreadsheetprogramthatperform

calculationssuchasaddingaseriesofcells.Ifachangeismadetoone

ormorenumbersinaspreadsheet,allrelatedformulaswillautomatically

recalculateandchartswillberecreated.Observingthesechangesis

what-ifanalysis.

9.Whatarepresentationgraphicsprograms?Howaretheyused?

Presentationgraphicsareprogramsthatcombineavarietyofvisualobjects

tocreateattractive,visuallyinterestingpresentations.Theyareexcellent

toolstocommunicateamessageandtopersuadepeople.

10.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanintegratedpackage

andasoftwaresuite?Whataretheadvantagesand

disadvantagesofeach?

Anintegratedpackageisasingleprogramthatprovides

thefunctionalityofawordprocessor,spreadsheet,

databasemanager,andmore.Theprimarydisadvantageof

anintegratedpackageisthatthecapabilitiesofeach

function(suchaswordprocessing)arenotasextensive

asintheindividualprograms(suchasMicrosoftWord).

Theprimaryadvantagesarecostandsimplicity.

Asoftwaresuiteisacollectionofseparateapplication

programsbundledtogetherandsoldasagroup.Whilethe

applicationsfunctionexactlythesamewhether

purchasedinasuiteorseparately,itissignificantly

lessexpensivetobuyasuiteofapplicationsthanto

buyeachapplicationseparately.

KeyToChapterReview(Chapter4)

CrosswordPuzzleAnswers:

Across

Num.ClueAnswer

2Usedtocreatereal-time3-Danimation.VRML

4Designtoolusedtoplanmultimediapresentations.StoryBoard

6EditingsoftwareusedtocreateMP3s.ACID

8AtypeofpersonalWebsitewherearticlesareregularlyBLog

posted.

9Creatingasite.Webauthoring

10Representationofoverallsitedesign.Graphicalmap

13Imagerecordedasacollectionofobjects.Vectorimage

15WidelyusedtypeofWebanimation.Flash

Down

Num.ClueAnswer

1Composedofthousandsofpixels.Bitmapimage

3Specialeffectthatblendsimagestogether.Morphing

5Userparticipation.Interactivity

7Allowsresponseslike“OK”and"Great!”FuzzyLogic

11Dotsthatmakeupanimage.Pixels

12Connectionbetweenpagesinamultimediapresentation.Link

14Attempttodevelopcomputersthatmimichumansenses.AI

NumMultipleChoiceMatching

AnswersAnswers

1AI

2AG

3AD

4BE

5AC

6BF

7cH

8BB

9AJ

10BA

OpenEndedQuestions:

11.Describegraphics,includingdesktoppublishers,imageeditors,

illustrationprograms,imagegalleries,andgraphicssuites.

Graphicsprogramsusedbyprofessionalsinthegraphicartsprofession.The

includethefollowingtypesofapplications:Desktoppublishingprograms,

orpagelayoutprograms,thatallowuserstomixtextandgraphicstocreate

publications,Imageeditorswhicharespecializedgraphicsprogramsfor

editingormodifyingbitmaporrasterimages,Illustrationprogramsthatare

usedtocreateandtoeditvectorimages,Imagegalleriesarelibrariesof

electronicimages,andgraphicssuiteswhichcompaniesbundletheirseparate

graphicsprogramsingroupssouserscanpurchasethematalowercostthan

ifpurchasedseparately.

12.Discussaudioandvideoeditingsoftware.

Videoeditingsoftwareallowsyoutoreorganize,addeffects,andmoreto

yourdigitalvideofootage.Theseprogramsaredesignedtoallowyouto

assembleandeditnewhomevideosandmoviesfromrawdigitalvideofootage.

TwocommonlyusedvideoeditingsoftwareprogramsareApple'siMovieand

WindowsMovieMaker.

Audioeditingsoftwareallowsyoutocreateandeditaudioclips.Mostaudio

editingsoftwarealsohasfeaturesthatallowyoutoaddaudioeffects,like

filters,toyourtracks.Forexample,youcanusethistypeofsoftwareto

filteroutpopsorscratchesinanoldrecording.Somecommonlyusedaudio

editingsoftwareprogramsareAbleton,sLiveandSony'sACID.

13.Whatismultimedia?Howaremultimediapresentationsdeveloped?

Multimediaistheintegrationofallsortsofmediaintoonepresentation.

Forexample,amultimediapresentationmayincludevideo,music,voice,

graphics,andtext.Theyaredevelopedusingthefollowingsteps:

?Planandanalyze:Determinetheoverallobjectiveoftheproject,the

resourcesrequired,andthepersonorteamofpeoplewhowillwork

ontheproject.

?Design:Thecreationofastoryboardisessentialtothedevelopment

oftheproject.

?Create:Useamultimediaauthoringprogramtocreatetheinteractive

multimediapresentation.

?Support:Evaluateeffectiveness,identifyerrors,andreviseas

needed.

14.DescribeWebauthoring,includingWebsitedesignandWebauthoring

programs.

CreatingasiteiscalledWebauthoring.Itbeginswithsitedesignfollowed

bycreationofadocumentfilethatdisplaystheWebsite'scontent.

DesigningaWebsitebeginswithdeterminingthesite'soverallcontent.

Thecontentisthenbrokendownintoaseriesofrelatedpiecesofinformation.

Theoverallsitedesigniscommonlyrepresentedinagraphicalmap.Web

authoringprograms,aretypicallyusedtocreatesophisticatedcommercial

sites.AlsoknownasWebpageeditorsandHTMLeditors,theseprogramsprovide

supportforWebsitedesignandHTMLcoding

15.Discussthreeareasofartificialintelligence.

ThefirstareaofAIisvirtualreality.Virtual

realityisanartificial,orsimulated,reality

generatedin3-Dbyacomputer.Virtualrealityisalso

commonlyknownasVR,artificialreality,orvirtual

environments.Tonavigateinavirtualspace,youuse

virtualrealityhardwareincludingheadgearandgloves.

Theheadgearhasearphonesandthree-dimensional

stereoscopicscreens.Thegloveshavesensorsthat

collectdataaboutyourhandmovements

ThesecondareaofAIisknowledge-based(orexpert)

systems.Knowledge-basedsystems,alsoknownasexpert

systems,areatypeofartificialintelligencethatuses

adatabasetoprovideassistancetousers.Thesesystems

useadatabase,orknowledgebase,thatcontains

specificfacts,rulestorelatethesefacts,anduser

inputtoformulaterecommendationsanddecisions.The

sequenceofprocessingisdeterminedbytheinteraction

oftheuserandtheknowledgebase.

ThethirdareofAIisrobotics.Roboticsisthefield

ofstudyconcernedwithdevelopingandusingrobots.

Robotsarecomputer-controlledmachinesthatmimicthe

motoractivitiesoflivingthings.Therearethree

typesofrobots.,Perceptionsystems:Perceptionsystem

robotsimitatesomeofthehumansenses.,Industrial

robots:Industrialrobotsareusedtoperformavariety

oftasks.,Mobilerobots:Mobilerobotsactas

transportsandarewidelyusedforavarietyofdifferent

tasks.

KeyToChapterReview(Chapters)

CrosswordPuzzleAnswers:

Across

Num.ClueAnswer

5ProgramthatmakescopiesoffilesincaseofdamageorBackup

loss.

6Bootthatoccurswhenthecomputerisalreadyon.Warmboot

8Combinationofseveralutilityprogramsinonepackage.UtilitySuite

9AllowscommunicationbetweendevicesandtheoperatingDriver

system.

11Concentricringsonadisk.Tracks

12Usedtocontrolandcoordinatenetworkedcomputers.NOS

Down

Num.ClueAnswer

1Locationtostorerelatedfiles.Folder

2ComputerthatcoordinatesallcommunicationbetweenNetworkserver

othercomputers.

3UsesgraphicalelementstocommunicatewiththeGUI

operatingsystem.

4Broken-upfilestoredindifferentsectors.Fragmented

5Startingorrestartingacomputer.Booting

7Operatingsystemwithover80percentofthemarket.Windows

10GraphicobjectsonthedesktopusedtorepresentprogramsIcons

andotherfiles.

NumMultipleChoiceMatching

AnswersAnswers

1CJ

2DD

3cF

4AB

5AG

6cH

7BA

8BE

9AI

10CC

OpenEndedQuestions:

16.Describesystemsoftware.Whatarethefourtypesofsystemprograms?

Systemsoftwareworkswithendusers,applicationsoftware,andcomputer

hardwaretohandlethemajorityoftech