2020屆高考英語山東版二輪習(xí)題：考前沖刺06-第六篇　全國卷真題

第六篇全國卷真題精選

一、題型分類

閱讀理解專練

人物故事類

Passage1（2019課標(biāo)全國I,B）

ForCanaanElementary^secondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,

andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez^turn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.With

shiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe'snervous.uFmheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christrips

onthe"-Id,"apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.His

teacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport/'...Vote

for...me...^Exceptfbrsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebrings

hisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.

Whaleyrecalls（回想起）howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,

Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.

LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneed

isagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes."*takesalotfbranystudent,9,Whaley

explains,"especiallyfbrastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeel

confidentenoughtosay/1don'tknow,butIwanttoknow.'"

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenhe

askedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbea

president.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjust

learningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）about

themselves.

“Boastingaboutyourselfandyourbestqualities,,9WhaleysaysJisverydifficult

forachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.^^

1.WhatmadeChrisnervous?

A.Tellingastory.B.Makingaspeech.

C.Takingatest.D.Answeringaquestion.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles“inparagraph2referto?

A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.

C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.

3.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto.

A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths

B.assessstudents*publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents1loveforpolitics

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?

A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.

C.Caring.D.Demanding.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇記敘文,主題語境是人與社會(huì)，主題語境內(nèi)容為老師與學(xué)

生。文章講述了Whaley老師關(guān)愛學(xué)生，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，增強(qiáng)自信的故事。

本文旨在提高學(xué)生的文化意識(shí)。

I.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:什么使Chris緊張?根據(jù)第一段第一句（……今天

是演講日，現(xiàn)在輪到ChrisPalaez了）和第二段第一句（但是他很緊張）可知,B項(xiàng)正確。

A:講故事;C:參加考試;D:回答問題。

2.A詞義猜測(cè)題。本題題干意為:第二段中的畫線單詞stumbles指代什么?根據(jù)第

二段中的“youshould...should../,Christripsonthe"-Id,”…可知，他有些發(fā)音上的問題。

又根據(jù)Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.可知,Chris總體上很

好，但是有些不合適的停頓。故A選項(xiàng)（不合適的停頓）正確。B:不禮貌;C:拼寫錯(cuò)誤;D:

愚蠢的笑話。

3.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:我們可以推斷出Whaley的項(xiàng)目的目的是。

根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句（他想要這些孩子學(xué)會(huì)夸耀自己）可知答案為A項(xiàng)（幫

助學(xué)生看到他們自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)）。B:評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生的公眾演講技巧;C:讓學(xué)生為他們未來的

工作做準(zhǔn)備;D:激勵(lì)學(xué)生熱愛政治。

4.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:下面哪一個(gè)詞最能描述Whaley作為一個(gè)老師所

具有的品質(zhì)？根據(jù)第二段他低聲耳語支持學(xué)生、第五段中他想讓學(xué)生夸耀自己和

第六段中他認(rèn)為夸耀自己和自己最好的品質(zhì)對(duì)一個(gè)沒有自信的孩子是很難的，可知

他理解、關(guān)心學(xué)生們，故選C項(xiàng)（關(guān)心他人的）。A:幽默的;B:有雄心的;D:苛求的，要求

高的。

Passage2（2019課標(biāo)全國II,B）

“Youcanusemeasalastresort（選擇），andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwill

doit."ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersfor

mykids'lacrosse（長曲棍球）club.

Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxiety

aroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.

SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.Imentionthesingleparentwithfourkids

runningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'teven

on...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,"Alright.Yes,Fildoit.”

I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteer

responsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sends

outemails,andcollectsmoneyfbrend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,the

sameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisableto

fbcusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanother

season.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatching

yourownkidscoreagoal.

Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoa

close.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeep

comingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity（社區(qū)）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,

money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.

Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelylike

toadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesit

reallymatterwheremymotivationlies?

5.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?

A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.

B.Sheisn'tgoodatsports.

C.Shejustdoesn*twanttovolunteer.

D.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"tugattheheartstrings,9inparagraph2mean?

A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.

C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.

7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?

A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.

B.Sheisproudofherkids.

C.She'llworkforanotherseason.

D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.

8.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?

A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.

B.Itmakesherveryhappy.

C.Itenableshertoworkhard.

D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是-一篇記敘文。主題語境為人與社會(huì)，主題語境內(nèi)容為志愿服務(wù)。

文章記述了作者請(qǐng)一位家長做志愿者的故事。文章側(cè)重社會(huì)服務(wù)和人際溝通素養(yǎng)

的培養(yǎng)。

5.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:從第一段那位家長的回答中我們可以推斷出關(guān)于

她的什么?文章中，那位家長的回答是“你可以把我作為最后一個(gè)選擇,如果沒有其他

人愿意當(dāng)志愿者，那么我就做"。根據(jù)其回答可以知道，她其實(shí)是不太愿意做志愿者

的，故C項(xiàng)正確。

6.B詞義猜測(cè)題。本題題干意為:第二段中的畫線短語“tugattheheartstrings”的意

思是什么?根據(jù)上下文可知，此處表示“我”又試了一次，這回開始打感情牌。畫線短

語意為“觸動(dòng)心弦''，故B項(xiàng)正確。A:鼓勵(lì)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作;C:促進(jìn)良好行為;D:提供建議。

7.D推理判斷題。本題題干意為:從第三段中，我們能夠得知那位家長的什么情況?

在文章的第三段,作者記述了那位家長在活動(dòng)中所做的事情，即安排飲食計(jì)劃、發(fā)送

郵件、募集資金等，她成了團(tuán)隊(duì)中一個(gè)重要的成員。因此D項(xiàng)（她成了一個(gè)好助手）

正確。

8.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:為什么作者喜歡做志愿工作?根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二

段中的“Connectingtothevidesarealjoy”以及"Volunteeringjust

feelssogood.”可知，作者認(rèn)為，做志愿工作能讓她開心。故B項(xiàng)正確。A:這給予她一

種責(zé)任感;C:這讓她能努力工作;D:這給她帶來了物質(zhì)上的回報(bào)。

Passage3（2018課標(biāo)全國HI,C）

Whilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmark

buildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthe

PerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethe

centerstage.

Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,

wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrize

inarchitecture一onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.

WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyof

Art（CAA）.HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus（校園）oftheuniversityin

Hangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.

ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.

Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuilding

types.Thecurves（曲線）ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,

formingauniqueview.

Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heasked

theworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsand

corridors.Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodemand

traditionalChineseelements（元素）.

Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagood

knowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinese

architecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.

Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatis

onlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,9,hesaid.

“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktradition

meansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeen

developingandthatarestillbeingcreated,,9hesaid.

“Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthan

focusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithout

knowingwhattheyreallyare「saidWang.

Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreation

oftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.

9.Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare.

A.followingthelatestworldtrend

B.gettinginternationalrecognition

C.workingharderthaneverbefore

D.relyingonforeignarchitects

10.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?

A.Itshillyenvironment.B.Itslargesize.

C.Itsuniquestyle.D.Itsdiversefunctions.

11.WhatmadeWang*sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?

A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.

B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.

C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.

D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.

12.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?

A.Spreadthemtotheworld.

B.Preservethematmuseums.

C.Teachtheminuniversities.

D.Recreatetheminpractice.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇記敘文。題材為人物故事類。文章介紹了中國建筑設(shè)計(jì)師

王諭將傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代結(jié)合，將中國傳統(tǒng)元素融入自己的建筑設(shè)計(jì)中，榮獲了2012年普

利茲克建筑獎(jiǎng)。

9.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句（他們的努力已被證明是富有成效的。）和最

后一句（他是第一個(gè)獲得這一獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的中國公民。）可推知，王諭獲獎(jiǎng)意味著中國的建筑

設(shè)計(jì)師正在獲得世界的認(rèn)可，故選B項(xiàng)。

10.C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一句（這些建筑物的曲線與山的

起伏完美搭配，形成了獨(dú)特的風(fēng)景。）可知答案為C項(xiàng)。

11.D推理判斷題。題干句意:什么使王潮的建筑設(shè)計(jì)獲得了成功?根據(jù)第五段最后

一句（由于現(xiàn)代元素與中國傳統(tǒng)元素的結(jié)合，這一作品吸引了很多關(guān)注。）可知答案為

D項(xiàng)。

12.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句（對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該和實(shí)踐相結(jié)合。）可知

答案為D項(xiàng)。

Passage4（2017課標(biāo)全國I,B）

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBailey

ArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbe

heartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.

IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl（貓頭

鷹）ontheground.Whenlarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeen

placedinacarrierforsafety.

Iexaminedthechick（雛鳥）anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imight

havebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestand

anchoritinatree.

Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepine

branchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthe

nest,anditquicklycalmeddown.

Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethe

homeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethe

presenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.

Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnews

thenightmightbring.

Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!The

homeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveover

andsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthe

nestbythegreatestsightofall-LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwould

probablycontinuetodoso.

13.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?

A.Effbrtsmadeinvain.

B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.

C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.

D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.

14.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?

A.Torescueawoman.B.Totakecareofawoman.

C.Tolookatababyowl.D.Tocureayoungowl.

15.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?

A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.

C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.

16.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?

Alt'sunexpected.B.It'sbeautiful.

C.Ifshumorous.D.Ifsdiscouraging.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文為記敘文，講述了一位志愿者成功救助?只落到地上的貓頭鷹雛

鳥的故事。作者為貓頭鷹雛鳥編織了一個(gè)鳥巢放在樹上，并請(qǐng)人播放貓頭鷹雛鳥叫

聲的錄音，最終成功引回貓頭鷹雛鳥的父母來照顧它。

13.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“canbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertainM

可知,拯救野生生物的工作有時(shí)令人心碎，因?yàn)閯?dòng)物不?定能活下來，也就是說可能

會(huì)徒勞無功，由此可知答案為A項(xiàng)。B:在工作中受傷;C:對(duì)未來不確定;D:生物會(huì)被迫

離開棲息地。以上三項(xiàng)在文中均未被提及，故全部排除。

14.C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Shehadfoundayoungowlontheground,”和

第三段中的“Iexaminedthechickanditseemedfine.“可知,作者接到一位居住在

Muttontown的婦女的電話，于是趕過去看看這只雛鳥的情況。選項(xiàng)C中的“l(fā)ookat（檢

查）”與文中的"examined”相對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為C項(xiàng)。

15.A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的“calmdown”是關(guān)鍵詞。文中第四段指出作者把雛鳥

放進(jìn)特意為它做的鳥巢后，它很快安靜了下來，由此可知新的鳥巢使雛鳥平靜了下

來，故答案為A項(xiàng)。其他選項(xiàng)的信息是故事發(fā)展到后期出現(xiàn)的，故排除。

16.B推理判斷題。短文的最后三句描寫作者看到巢中的小貓頭鷹十分健康、活躍,

最令人喜悅的是它的父母給它覓來了午餐。由此可以推斷小貓頭鷹今后也將得到

其父母悉心的照料。作者對(duì)事件結(jié)局的感受通過“thegreatestsight”表現(xiàn)出來,與文章

第一段中的“beautiful”相呼應(yīng)。因此，答案應(yīng)為B項(xiàng)。

社會(huì)文化類

Passage1

（2019課標(biāo)全國I,D）

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小學(xué)）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsand

jokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenofthe

playground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyrose

intheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplaying

jokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,a

professorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthe

statusseekers.Thelikables1plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyard

friendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedever

afterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsin

adolescencerstatusbomofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.

Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein^studiesshow

unpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellas

thoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage（從事）indangerous

andriskybehavior.^^

Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,

scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudent

surveys（調(diào)查研究）.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemore

aggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.

Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushas

justtheoppositeeffectonus.”

Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouon

aplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness-carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetter

abletorelateandconnectwithothers.

Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Not

onlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthose

outcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflife

experiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,,9hesaid.

1.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?

A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.

2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theclassificationofthepopular.

B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.

C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.

D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.

3.WhatdidDr.Prinstein^studyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?

A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.

B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.

C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.

D.Theyperformedwellacademically.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.BeNice—YouWon'tFinishLast

B.TheHighertheStatus,theBetter

C.BetheBest一YouCanMakeIt

D.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness

答案

［語篇解讀］本文體裁為說明文，主題語境為人與社會(huì),主題語境內(nèi)容為社會(huì)交往。

文章將受歡迎的人分成了兩類——討人喜歡的人和追逐高地位的人。本文側(cè)重培

養(yǎng)學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)。

1.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:作者在上小學(xué)的低年級(jí)時(shí)是什么樣的女孩?根據(jù)

題干中的earlyyearsofelementaryschool可定位到第一-段第一句中的Duringthe

rosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes（喜歡分享玩偶和

笑話），因此可以推斷作者是大方的，故選C項(xiàng)。A:不友善的;B:孤獨(dú)的;D:酷的。

2.A主旨大意題。本題題干意為:第二段的主要內(nèi)容是什么？根據(jù)第二段第二句

MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:

thelikableandthestatusseekers.可知,本段對(duì)受歡迎的人進(jìn)行分類，故選A項(xiàng)。B:青

少年的特點(diǎn);C:人際交往技巧的重要性;D:不光彩行為的原因。

3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:Prinstein博士的研究中針對(duì)最受喜歡的小孩的發(fā)

現(xiàn)是什么?根據(jù)題干中的study和themostlikedkids可定位到第四段中的Itclearly

showedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjustthe

oppositeeffectonus。healthyadjustment（調(diào)整，適應(yīng)）對(duì)應(yīng)B項(xiàng)中的adaptable（能適應(yīng)

的），故答案為B項(xiàng)。A:他們顯得有侵略性;C:他們喜歡最高的地位;D:他們學(xué)習(xí)成績

很好。

4.A主旨大意題。本題題干意為:本文最好的標(biāo)題是什么？文章將受歡迎的人分成

兩類——討人喜歡的人和追逐高地位的人。根據(jù)對(duì)這兩種人的介紹可以總結(jié)出整

篇文章都是在引導(dǎo)讀者做討人喜歡的人，對(duì)人友善、學(xué)會(huì)分享、敞開心扉，因此答案

為A項(xiàng)。B:地位越高越好;C:做到最好——你可以做到;D:自制力越強(qiáng),侵略性越小。

Passage2（2019課標(biāo)全國HI,C）

Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsin

America,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,

butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,

newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,

mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theywere

dullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830s

wouldchangeallthat.

Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper”—atermreferringtopapersmade

widelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmore

importantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.

Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)

tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadto

godowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.

However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplacein

easterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny一usuallytwoor

threecentswascharged—andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsix

cents.Butthephrase“pennypaper“caughtthepublic*sfancy,andsoontherewouldbe

papersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.

Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor“themanonthestreet“didnotbeginwell.Some

oftheearlyventures(企業(yè))wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,

peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.It

tookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.

5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?

A.Academic.B.Unattractive.

C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.

6.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?

A.Theywouldbepricedhigher.

B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.

C.Theycouldhavemorereaders.

D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.

7.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?

A.Localpoliticians.B.Commonpeople.

C.Youngpublishers.D.Richbusinessmen.

8.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?

A.Itwasadifficultprocess.

B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.

C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor.

D.Itwasadisasterfbrprinters.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文。主題語境為人與社會(huì)，主題語境內(nèi)容是社會(huì)進(jìn)步。

文章介紹了報(bào)紙走向街頭，走向大眾的過程。文章側(cè)重對(duì)學(xué)生歷史和社會(huì)文化素養(yǎng)

的培養(yǎng)。

5.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)19世紀(jì)30年代之前美國報(bào)紙狀

況的描述是最準(zhǔn)確的?根據(jù)文章第一段的描述可知，當(dāng)時(shí)的報(bào)紙很昂貴，只有富人才

能買得起。同時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)的很多報(bào)紙對(duì)大眾沒有吸引力。因此B項(xiàng)（沒有吸弓|力的）符

合題意。A:學(xué)術(shù)的;C:便宜的;D:機(jī)密的。

6.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:街頭銷售對(duì)報(bào)紙來說意味著什么？根據(jù)文章第二

段的描述,當(dāng)報(bào)紙開始在街頭銷售之后，價(jià)格很低，容易買到，所以C項(xiàng)（它們會(huì)有更多

的讀者）符合題意。A:它們的定價(jià)將會(huì)更高;B:它們將從城市消失;D:它們將重獲公眾

的信任。

7.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:新趨勢(shì)下報(bào)紙的目標(biāo)群體是哪些人?根據(jù)文章第

二段和第三段對(duì)報(bào)紙改革的描述，尤其是第二段的Thetrend,then,wastowardthe

“pennypaper”—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.可知，新

的趨勢(shì)為報(bào)紙大眾化。故B項(xiàng)（普通人）符合題意。

8.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:我們可以如何評(píng)價(jià)“一分報(bào)紙”的誕生?根據(jù)文章

對(duì)“一分報(bào)紙”發(fā)展歷程的描述，尤其是最后一段的Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor

“themanonthestreet,,didnotbeginwell.（這種面向街頭普通人的報(bào)紙的新趨勢(shì)一開

始發(fā)展得并不好。）可知,A項(xiàng)（這是一個(gè)艱難的過程）符合題意。B:這是暫時(shí)的成功;C:

這是對(duì)貧窮者的掠奪;D:這對(duì)印刷工人來說是災(zāi)難。

Passage3（2018課標(biāo)全國I,B）

GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaevery

morning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowto

preparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththe

helpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparing

recipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersays

she'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparing

mealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexican

takeawayrestaurant,9,sheexplains/61pay￡5foraportion（一份）,butMattmakesthem

for26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuy

takeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfood

ourselves.”

Theeight-partseries（系歹U節(jié)目）,SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootsteps

ofITV*sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvalue

fromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtime

withadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofa

familyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthe

family'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

9.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.

B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.

C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.

D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.

lO.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.

B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.

C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.

D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.

11.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?

A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.

B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

12.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart

B.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingYourselfaPerfectChef

D.CookingWellforLess

答案

['語篇解讀]本文介紹了英國節(jié)目主持人SusannaReid創(chuàng)辦的一檔新節(jié)目Save

Money:GoodFood的相關(guān)情況。

9.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole可知,

她創(chuàng)辦了一檔新節(jié)目，故選B項(xiàng)。

10.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話（在節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodFood中,她每周

拜訪一個(gè)不同的家庭，并且在廚師MattTebbutt的幫助下在準(zhǔn)備每個(gè)家庭每天低于5

英鎊的食譜時(shí)提供如何減少食物浪費(fèi)的很好的建議）可知,MattTebbutt在做飯方面

幫助了Susanna,故選C項(xiàng)。

11.C推理判斷題。文章前三段主要介紹了新節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodFood的相關(guān)

情況，而第四段介紹了它和節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodHealth的關(guān)系。由此推斷本段主

要補(bǔ)充這一節(jié)目的背景知識(shí)，故選C項(xiàng)。

12.D主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了英國節(jié)目主持人SusannaReid通過

創(chuàng)辦新節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodFood教給觀眾如何花更少的錢制作更美味的食物。

故選D項(xiàng)。

Passage4（2018課標(biāo)全國III,D）

Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoften

assumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?Thegoodnewsis

thatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.

Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonate

less-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecide

todonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforher

holidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenused

whenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergarten

daughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor).

Forweeks,Fvebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeita

habitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduse

less?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.I

decidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.I

expectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.

Ichosearedrubberball一simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputit

inhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,

completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimeto

moveontolunch.

Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.Hehadmyfull

attentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedfor

bothofus.

13.Whatdothewords“moreismore“inparagraph1probablymean?

A.Themore,thebetter.

B.Enoughisenough.

C.Moremoney,moreworries.

D.Earnmoreandspendmore.

14.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?

A.Savingupforherholiday.

B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.

C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.

0.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.

15.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?

A.Totryoutanidea.B.Toshowaparentslove.

C.Totrainhisattention.D.Tohelphimstartahobby.

16.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TakeItorLeaveItB.ALessonfromKids

C.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇記敘文。作為成年人我們都理解身邊用不到的東西太多給

我們的感覺，但是我們卻認(rèn)為我們的孩子擁有的東西越多越好。我在自己的孩子身

上做了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，證明了擁有更少的東西能生活得更好。

13.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話可知，我?guī)臀易约旱暮⒆訉W(xué)會(huì)了用更少

的東西生活得更好，由此推斷出畫線詞語的意思是“越多越好”,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。B

項(xiàng):適可而止。C項(xiàng):錢越多就越擔(dān)心。D項(xiàng):掙得多花得多。這三項(xiàng)與父母希望孩子

擁有更多的東西的想法不符。

14.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干句意:什么事讓Georgia同意賣掉她的一些東西?根據(jù)第二

段最后一句話可知,在我們承諾把這筆錢放進(jìn)她的學(xué)校基金后，她選擇賣掉幾件較

大而不太常用的東西，因?yàn)樗氚堰@筆錢放到自己的基金中去，所以答案為C項(xiàng)。A

項(xiàng):為了她的假期攢錢。B項(xiàng):為一個(gè)貧窮的女孩籌款。D項(xiàng):把這筆錢給一位生病的

母親。

15.A推理判斷題。題干句意:作者為什么要和Shepherd一起玩球?根據(jù)第三段的

Yesterday,Isatwithmyson.Shepherd,detenninedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.可以

推斷出作者和兒子一起玩球是為了檢驗(yàn)一下自己的理論。

16.C主旨大意題。作者在第一段的最后就提出了本文的主題:howtolivemore

withless,后面幾段描寫了作者在自己的孩子身上證明了自己的這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是正確的，

所以答案為C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng):要么接受，要么放棄。B項(xiàng):從孩子身上學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)。D項(xiàng)：

奉獻(xiàn)的樂趣。這三項(xiàng)與第一段提出的主題不符。

科普環(huán)保類

Passage1（2019課標(biāo)全國II,D）

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms（微生

物）fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,

soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthis

verytinybigproblem?It'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.

ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescie