2021屆新高考英語模擬匯編01 閱讀理解之說明文一 解析版

2021屆新高考數(shù)學(xué)備考藝考生百日沖刺

專題01閱讀理解之說明文（一）

一、（福建省福州第一中學(xué)2021屆高三期中）

Yourglassesmaysomedayreplaceyoursmartphone,andsomeNewYorkersarereadyfortheswitch.Somein

thecitycan'twaittotrythemonandusethemapsandGPSthatthefuturisticeyewearislikelytoinclude.

'TduseitifIwerehangingoutwithfriendsat3a.m.andgoingtothebarandwantedtoseewhatwasopen,“

saidWalterChoo,40,ofFortGreene.

Thesmartphone-likeglasseswilllikelycomeoutthisyearandcostbetween$250and$600,theTimessaid,

possiblyincludingavariationofaugmentedreality,atechnologyalreadyavailableonsmartphonesandtabletsthat

overlaysinfbnnationontothescreenaboutone'ssurroundings.So,forexample,ifyouwerewalkingdownastreet,

indicatorswouldpopupshowingyouthenearestcoffeeshopordirectionscouldbeplottedoutandcomeintoview

rightonthesidewalkinfrontofyou.

“Asfarasamainstreamconsumerproduct,thisjustisn'tsomethinganybodyneeds,“saidSamBiddle,who

writesforG."We'reaccustomedtohavingonethinginourpockettodoallthesethings,“headded,"and

theaverageconsumerisn'tgonnabeabletoaffordanotherdevicethat'shundredsandhundredsofdollars.“9to5

GooglepublisherSethWeintraub,whohasbeenreportingonthesmartphone-likeglassessincelastyear,saidheis

confidentthatthistypeofwearabledevicewilleventuallybeascommonassmartphones.

“It'sjustlikesmartphones10yearsago,"Weintraubsaid."Afewpeoplestartedgettingemailsontheirphones,

andpeoplethoughtthatwascrazy.Samekindofthing.Weseepeoplebendingtheirheadstolookattheir

smartphones,andit'sunnatural,hesaid,"There'sgonnabeimprovementstothat,andthisisastepthere.^^

4.Whichisoneofthepossiblefunctionsofthesmartphone-likeglasses?

A.Programingtheopeninghoursofabar.

B.Supplyingyouwithapictureofthefuture.

C.Providinginformationaboutyoursurroundings.

D.UpdatingthemapsandGPSinyoursmartphones.

5.AccordingtoSamBiddle,thesmartphone-likeglassesare.

A.necessaryforteenagersB.attractivetoNewYorkers

C.availabletopeopleworldwideD.expensiveforaverageconsumers

6.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesmartphone-likeglassesfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Theymayhaveapotentialmarket.B.Theyareascommonassmartphones.

C.Theyarepopularamongyoungadults.D.Theywillbeimprovedbyanewtechnology.

【答案】

4.C

5.D

6.A

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種類似智能手機(jī)的眼鏡，介紹了其功能和價(jià)格以及人們

對(duì)它的看法。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thesmartphone-likeglasseswilllikelycomeoutIhisyearandcostbetween

$250and$600,theTimessaid,possiblyincludingavariationofaugmentedreality,atechnologyalreadyavailableon

smartphonesandtabletsthatoverlaysinformationontothescreenaboutone'ssurroundings.（《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》稱，這

款類似智能手機(jī)的眼鏡可能會(huì)在今年上市，價(jià)格在250美元到600美元之間，其中可能包括增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)的

一種變化。增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在智能手機(jī)和平板電腦匕可以將周圍環(huán)境的信息疊加在屏幕上）”可知，

C選項(xiàng)“提供你周圍環(huán)境的信息”可能是這款類似智能手機(jī)的眼鏡的功能。故選C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“andtheaverageconsumerisn'tgonnabeabletoaffordanotherdevice

that'shundredsandhundredsofdollars.（而普通消費(fèi)者將無法負(fù)擔(dān)另一個(gè)數(shù)百美元的設(shè)備）”可.知，SamBiddle

表示，這種類似智能手機(jī)的眼鏡對(duì)普通消費(fèi)者來說很昂貴。故選D。

6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“9to5GooglepublisherSethWeintraub,whohasbeenreportingonthe

smartphone-likeglassessincelastyear,saidheisconfidentthatthistypeofwearabledevicewilleventuallybeas

commonassmartphones.（《朝九晚五》的出版商SethWeintraub從去年就開始報(bào)道這種類似智能手機(jī)的眼鏡,

他說他相信這種可穿戴設(shè)備最終會(huì)像智能手機(jī)一樣普遍）”以及最后一段中“Afewpeoplestartedgetting

emailsontheirphones,andpeoplethoughtthatwascrazy.Samekindofthing.Weseepeoplebendingtheirheadsto

lookattheirsmartphones,andifsunnatural（一些人開始通過手機(jī)收到電子郵件，人們認(rèn)為這很瘋狂。同樣的事

情。我們將會(huì)看到人們低下頭看他們的智能手機(jī)，覺得這是不自然的）”可知，類似智能手機(jī)的眼鏡可能有

一個(gè)潛在的市場(chǎng)。故選A。

二、（福建省福州第一中學(xué)2021屆高三期中）

Anewstudyhasfoundnoevidencethatsunscreen,commonlyusedtoreducetheriskofskincancer,actually

increasestherisk.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofIowabasedtheirfindingsonareviewof18earlierstudiesthatlookedatthe

associstionbetweensunscreenuseandmelanoms（黑素瘤）.Theysaidthattheyfoundflawsinstudiesthathad

reportedassociationsbetweensunscreenuseandhigherriskofmelanoma.

Mosthealthexpertsbelievethatbyprotectingtheskinfromtheharmfuleffectsofthesun,sunscreenhelps

preventskincancer,whichisincreasinginincidence（發(fā)生率）fasterthananyothercancerintheUnitedStates.

Butquestionshavebeenraisedaboutsunscreenandwhetheritmayhavetheoppositeeffect,perhapsby

allowingpeopletoremainexposedtothesunlongerwithoutburning.

Theresearcherssaidthatamongtheproblemswithsomeearlierstudiesisthattheyoftenfailedtotakeinto

accountthatthosepeoplemostatriskforskincancer-peoplewithfairskinandfreckles（雀斑）,forexample一are

morelikelytousesunscreen.Asaresult,itmayappearthatsunscreenusersgetcancermoreoften.

Thestudies,whichgenerallyreliedonvolunteerstorecalltheirsunscreenuse,werealsounabletoprovehow

welltheproductshadbeenapplied,saidthenewstudy.

7.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"flaws“inthe2ndparagraph?

A.EvidencesB.FactsC.FaultsD.Failures

8.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutpeoplewithfairskinandfreckles?

A.Theyseldomusesunscreen.

B.Theyaremoreindangerofskincancer.

C.Theycanbefreefromtheharmofthesun.

D.Theyoftenexposethemselvestothesun.

9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Sunscreenusersgetskincancermoreoften.

B.Thevolunteershaveprovedtheeffectofsunscreen.

C.Thenewstudywasbasedontheexperiencesofvolunteers.

D.ThenumberofskincancerpatientsisincreasinginAmerica.

10.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.SunscreentoPreventSkinCancer

B.SunscreentoIncreaseSkinCancer

C.SkinCancerCausedbySunscreen

D.SkinCancerCausedbyFreckles

【答案】

7.C

8.B

9.D

10.A

【解析】這是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，使用防曬霜不會(huì)增加人們患皮膚癌的幾率，并提出了

兩點(diǎn)理由來證明此觀點(diǎn)。

7.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewstudyhasfoundnoevidencethatsunscreen,commonlyusedtoreducethe

riskofskincancer,actuallyincreasestherisk.（一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有證據(jù)表明通常用來降低患皮膚癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的

防曬霜實(shí)際上會(huì)增加患皮膚癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。）“結(jié)合第二段劃線詞所在句子“Theysaidthattheyfoundflawsinstudies

thathadreportedassociationsbetweensunscreenuseandhigherriskofmelanoma.（他們說，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)研究報(bào)告的

缺陷，使用防曬霜和較高的黑素瘤風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的聯(lián)系。）“可知這個(gè)研究結(jié)論是存在錯(cuò)誤的，因此“flaw”的意思

應(yīng)為有錯(cuò)誤的，故選C項(xiàng)。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段”■—peoplewithfairskinandfreckles（雀斑），forexample—aremorelikelyto

usesunscreen.Asaresult,itmayappearthatsunscreenusersgetcancermoreoften.（例如,皮膚白皙、有雀斑的

人更傾向于使用防曬霜。因此，使用防曬霜的人更容易患癌癥。戶可知白皮膚和有雀斑的人更有可能得皮膚

癌，B項(xiàng)表述正確，故選B項(xiàng)。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Mosthealthexpertsbelievethatbyprotectingtheskinfromtheharmfuleffects

ofthesun,sunscreenhelpspreventskincancer,whichisincreasinginincidence（發(fā)生率）fasterthananyother

cancerintheUnitedStates.（大多數(shù)健康專家認(rèn)為，防曬霜通過保護(hù)皮膚免受太陽的有害影響，有助于預(yù)防皮

膚癌。在美國，皮膚癌的發(fā)病率增長(zhǎng)速度比其他任何癌癥都要快。戶可知美國的皮膚癌的病人數(shù)量在增加，

故選D項(xiàng)。

10.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第?段”Anewstudyhasfoundnoevidencethatsunscreen,commonlyusedtoreduce

theriskofskincancer,actuallyincreasestherisk.（一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有證據(jù)表明通常用來降低患皮膚癌風(fēng)

險(xiǎn)的防曬霜實(shí)際上會(huì)增加患皮膚癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。戶結(jié)合全文談?wù)摲罆袼c皮膚癌的關(guān)系，并從最新的研究中證明

防曬霜可以幫助預(yù)防皮膚癌可知A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是最好的標(biāo)題，故選A項(xiàng)。

三、（福建省寧德市2021屆第質(zhì)量檢查）

DuringtheSecondWorldWar,Dr.WilliamWalshservedonaU.S.NavyshipintheSouthPacific.While

servingthere,WalshobservedthepoorhealthconditionsinwhichthepeopleoftheSouthPacificlived.

Afterthewarendedin1945,WalshfoundedanorganizationcalledProjectHope.Itsgoalwastobringhealth

educationandcaretopeopleinpoorcountriesaroundtheworld.In1958,WalshconvincedU.S.President

EisenhowertoallowProjectHopetorentaU.S.Navyhospitalshipforjustonedollarayear.Manycompaniesand

ordinarypeopledonatedmoneytoProjectHope.Theorganizationusedthefundstoturnthenavyshipintoacivilian

hospitalshipcalledtheSSHope.

Duringthenext14years,theSSHopetraveledtoeveryregionoftheworld.Whereveritwent,itprovidedhealth

careforneedypeopleandhelpedpoorcountriesestablishtheirownhealthcaresystems.In1974,theSSHopewas

retiredfromservice,andProjectHopebegantoprovidehealthcareonlandinstead.

ThestoryoftheSSHopeinspiredDonandDeyonStephenstobuyapassengershipin1978andtransformitinto

anotherhospitalship.Sincethen,theirorganization,calledMercyShips,hassentshipsequippedwithmedical

suppliesandhospitalbedsaroundtheworld.Doctorsvolunteertotravelontheseshipsandperformfreesurgerieson

peoplewhoneedthem.Theycarcorrectpeople'svision,straightenbentlimbs,fixcleftpalates（腭裂）,removefacial

tumors（腫痛）andmore.MercyShipsalsoprovidesmedicalequipmentforlocalhealthclinicsandbuildsmedical

facilities.Inaddition,itteacheslocalpeoplehowtofarmtheirlandmoreeffectivelyandmoresustainably.

8.WhydidWalshsetupProjectHope?

A.Tobringthewartoanend.B.Toimprovemedicalservice.

C.ToserveontheU.S.NavyshipD.TorentaU.S.Navyhospitalship.

9.WhatdoweknowabouttheSSHope?

A.Itwasamovablehospital.B.Itwasinservicefor20years.

C.Itwasabadly-equippedhospitalD.Itwasretiredfromservicein1958.

10.Whatsurgeriesarementionedinthetext?

a.Correctingvision.

b.Straighteningcleftpalates.

c.Repairingcleftpalates

d.Gettingridoffacialtumors.

e.Removingbentlimbs.

A.aceB.bdeC.bedD.acd

11.WiththehelpofMercyShips,whatcanlocalpeoplelearntodo?

A.TobuildmedicalfacilitiesB.Tousemedicalequipment.

C.Toworkthelandbetter.D.Toperformsurgeries.

【答案】

8.B

9.A

10.D

11.C

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了WilliamWalsh、Don和DeyonStephen成立醫(yī)療船，游

遍世界，為有需要的人提供醫(yī)療保健，并幫助貧窮國家建立自己的醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)，以及教當(dāng)?shù)厝巳绾胃?/p>

效和更可持續(xù)地耕種他們的土地。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Itsgoalwastobringhealtheducationandcaretopeopleinpoorcountries

aroundtheworld.（它的目標(biāo)是將健康教育和保健帶給世界各地貧窮國家的人們。）”可知，希望工程的建

立是為了改善世界各地貧窮國家的醫(yī)療服務(wù)。B選項(xiàng)Toimprovemedicalservice.（改善醫(yī)療服務(wù)。）符合文

意。故選B項(xiàng)。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theorganizationusedthefundstoturnthenavyshipintoacivilianhospital

shipcalledlheSSHope.（該組織利用這筆資金將這艘海軍船變成了一艘名為SSHope的民用醫(yī)院船。）”和

第三段“Duringthenext14years,theSSHopetraveledtoeveryregionoftheworld.（在接下來的14年里，希

望號(hào)游遍了世界的每一個(gè)地區(qū)。）”可知，希望號(hào)是一艘可以移動(dòng)的民用醫(yī)院船。故選A項(xiàng)。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theycarcorrectpeople'svision,straightenbentlimbs,fixcleftpalates,

removefacialtumorsandmore.（它們可以矯正人們的視力，伸直彎曲的四肢，修復(fù)腭裂，切除面部腫瘤等

等。）“可知,文章提到四種手術(shù),分別是correctpeople'svision（矯正人們的視力），straightenbentlimbs

（伸直彎曲的四肢），fixcleftpalates（修復(fù)腭裂）和removefacialtumors（切除面部腫瘤）。e項(xiàng)Removing

bentlimbs.（移除彎曲的四肢。）,b項(xiàng)Straighteningcleftpalates.（矯正腭裂。）與文意不符，所以選擇a、

c、e項(xiàng)。故選D項(xiàng)。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Inaddition,itteacheslocalpeoplehowtofarmtheirlandmoreeffectively

andmoresustainably.（此外，它教當(dāng)?shù)厝巳绾胃行Ш透沙掷m(xù)地耕種他們的土地。）“可知，仁愛船可以

教當(dāng)?shù)厝烁行У母N。C選項(xiàng)Toworkthekindbetter.（更好的耕種）符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。

四、（福建省寧德市2021屆第質(zhì)量檢查）

Growingup,“family“meantsomethingverydifferenttoBiancaJonesMarlin.Herbiologicalparentsprovided

attendancetomultiplechildren,givingMarlinthejoyofhavingmanybrothersandsistersfromdifferentbackgrounds.

Onoccasions,shewouldstayuplatelisteningtothestoriesfromtheirpasthomes-storiesfilledwithsufferingand

sadness.ThesestorieshadalastingimpactonMarlin.uTherewerestoriesofabuse,ofnotgettingthepropernutrition

orpropercarethatachildwouldneed,^^Marlinsays."TakingmypassionforscienceandwhatI'velearnedfromthe

stories,andputtingthemtogetheriswhatIreallywanttodo.”

Todayasaneurobiologist,Marlinresearcheshowsufferingcanbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.

AtColumbiaUniversity'sZuckermanInstitute,shestudiesthemolecularmechanismsofstressesinparentsthatcan

affectthebrainstructureandesensoryexperiencesoftheirfuturegenerations.

Marlin'sinvestigationsexamineaprocessknownasepigeneticinheritance,inwhichbiochemicalmarkers

acquiredfromexperiencesorenvironmentalconditionscanchangehowourgenesareexpressedinsideofcells.Inthe

caseofthemicesheworkswith,Marlincreatesastressfulassociationwithaparticularsmell,whichinturnincreases

thenumberofolfactorycellsinsidethemice'sbrainsusedtodetectthatspecificsmell.Shethenlooksatwhetheror

notthechildrenarebornwithmoreoftheseolfactorycellsasaresultoftheirparent'ssuffering.Ifthatprovestobe

true,Marlinplanstofindandpotentiallyevenaffecttheepigeneticswitchesresponsibleforchangingthechildren's

biologyorbehavior-eventuallyimprovingtheoutcomesforthechildren.

“Thepassionofmyworkstemsfrommydesiretoapplyneurobiologyandthescienceoflearningto

understandinghowbothpositiveandnegativeexperiencesinlifeinfluencebrainhealth.^^saysMarlin.

12.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Marlin'sinterestinscience.B.Marlin'ssufferinginchildren.

C.TheinfluenceofthestoriesonMarlin.D.ThebriefintroductiontoMarlin'sfamily.

13.Whatisthefunctionofolfactorycells?

A.Tosensespecificstress.B.Tolessenthemice'ssuffering.

C.Tochangeepigeneticinheritance.D.Todiscoversomeparticularsmell.

14.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph3?

A.Olfactorycellsdecreaseinthemiceinthetest.

B.Marlinhasimprovedtheoutcomesforthechildren.

C.Biochemicalmarkersarelikelytochangegeneexpression.

D.Parents9sufferingcan'tbepasseddowntotheirchildren.

15.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?

A.Asciencemagazine.B.Atraveljournal.

C.Anexhibitionguidebook.D.Aliteraturereview.

【答案】

12.C

13.D

14.C

15.A

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了BiancaJonesMarlin因?yàn)樾r(shí)候受到來自不同背景兄弟姐妹

的故事的影響，決定把對(duì)科學(xué)的熱情和從故事中學(xué)到的東西結(jié)合起來，于是今天，作為一名神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家，

Marlin研究痛苦是如何代代相傳的。文章介紹了她的研究過程以及她對(duì)自己工作的看法。

12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Growingup,“family"meantsomethingverydifferenttoBiancaJonesMarlin.

Herbiologicalparentsprovidedattendancetomultiplechildren,givingMarlinthejoyofhavingmanybrothersand

sistersfromdifferentbackgrounds.Onoccasions,shewouldstayuplatelisteningtothestoriesfromtheirpast

homes-storiesfilledwithsufferingandsadness.ThesestorieshadalastingimpactonMarlin."Therewerestoriesof

abuse,ofnotgettingthepropernutritionorpropercarethatachildwouldneed,“Marlinsays."Takingmypassionfbr

scienceandwhatI'velearnedfromthestories,andputtingthemtogetheriswhatIreallywanttodo.”（BiancaJones

Marlin在成長(zhǎng)過程中對(duì)“家庭”有著截然不同的理解。她的親生父母照顧了她的多個(gè)孩子，這讓Marlin感

到很高興，因?yàn)樗泻芏鄟碜圆煌尘暗男值芙忝?。有時(shí)，她會(huì)熬夜聽他們過去的故事一一充滿痛苦和悲

傷的故事。這些故事對(duì)Marlin產(chǎn)生了持久的影響。Marlin說：“有關(guān)于虐待的故事，關(guān)于沒有得到孩子所

需要的適當(dāng)?shù)臓I養(yǎng)或適當(dāng)?shù)恼疹櫟墓适?，把我?duì)科學(xué)的熱情和我從故事中學(xué)到的東西結(jié)合起來，這是我真

正想做的°“）”可知，第一段的主要思想是故事對(duì)Marlin的影響。故選C。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inthecaseofthemicesheworkswith,Marlincreatesastressfulassociation

withaparticularsmell,whichinturnincreasesthenumberofolfactorycellsinsidethemice'sbrainsusedtodetect

thatspecificsmell.（在她研究的老鼠身上，Marlin創(chuàng)造了一種與特定氣味有關(guān)的壓力，這反過來增加了老鼠大

腦中用來檢測(cè)特定氣味的嗅覺細(xì)胞的數(shù)量）”可知，嗅覺細(xì)胞的功能是發(fā)現(xiàn)某種特殊的氣味。故選D。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中uMarlin'sinvestigationsexamineaprocessknownasepigeneticinheritance,

inwhichbiochemicalmarkersacquiredfromexperiencesorenvironmentalconditionscanchangehowourgenesare

expressedinsideofcells.（Marlin的研究考察了?種被稱為表觀遺傳的過程，即從經(jīng)驗(yàn)或環(huán)境條件中獲得的生

化標(biāo)記可以改變我們的基因在細(xì)胞內(nèi)的表達(dá)方式）”可知，生化標(biāo)記可能改變基因表達(dá)。故選C。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章主要介紹了BiancaJonesMarlin因?yàn)樾r(shí)候受到來自不同背景兄弟姐妹的故

事的影響，決定把對(duì)科學(xué)的熱情和從故事中學(xué)到的東西結(jié)合起來，于是今天，作為一名神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家，Marlin

研究痛苦是如何代代相傳的。文章介紹了她的研究過程以及她對(duì)自己工作的看法?？赏浦?，文章可能選自

科學(xué)雜志。故選A。

五、（福建省廈門第一中學(xué)2021屆高三月考）

TheWallStreetJournalrecentlypublishedanexcellentarticlepennedbyWendyBoundsonahottopichereat

MNN:theair-purifyingqualitiesofthecommonhouseplant.Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5times

morepollutedthantheairoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily（百合花）andasparagusfem（蘆筍

蕨）isaneconomical,artisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.So,it'sbeenacknowledgedthatabunchofpretty

pottedhouseplantscanhelpyoumaintainahealthierhome,butasmarterhome?

That'sthequestioninlightofarecentstudypublishedbytheJournalofEnvironmentalPsychologyshowingthat

thepresenceofplantsinaroom,particularlyinanofficeenvironment,canshrinkatlectionspan（范Bl）.Struggling

directiveattention（thekindofattentionthattakeseffort）canberefreshedthroughexposuretonaturalistic

environments.Basically,takingawalkthroughtheparkcanclearone*shead.Butcanaheadberefreshedsimplyby

beingsurroundedbyhouseplants?

Totesttheirtheory,thestudy'sauthorsroundedupabunchofparticipants,putsomeoftheminaroomwithno

plantsandputothersinaroomwithfourplantsplacedaroundadesk,andputthemalltothesameseriesoftests.First

wasaReadingSpanTest,whichinvolvesreadingaseriesofsentencesaloudandrememberingthelastwordineach

sentence.Thistaskrequiresthatyoufluentlyswitchbetweenattentiondemandingtasks:fromreadingand

memorizingatonemoment,towritingandrecallingatthenext.Nextcameaproof-readingtaskfollowedbyanother

ReadingSpanTest.

Theresults?ParticipantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformancefromthefirstReading

SpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.Consequently,thebenefitsof

workingamongplantsisindeedevident.

27.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Stayingindoorscanhelpavoidthepoorerairoutdoors.

B.Houseplantscanfunctionasbeautifulcheapairpurifiers.

C.Plantingpottedflowersasdecorationsisveryinteresting.

D.Airpurifiersarethemosteffectivetocreateahealthyhome.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph2probablyreferto?

A.Focusone'sattention.B.Disturbone'sattention.

C.Weakenone*sattention.D.Turnone'sattentionaway.

29.Whatdoesthetestprove?

A.Workinginnaturehelpsincreaseproductivity.

B.Houseplantswillbeingreatdemandinourlife.

C.Greenerycreateshealthiernaturalisticatmosphereindoors.

D.Workingamonghouseplantsimprovesmentalfunctioning.

30.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Flowers:GrandFeasttoEyesB.Greenery:EffectiveAir-purifier

C.Houseplants:VisualBrainFoodD.PottedPlants:GreatHouse-beautifier

【答案】

27.B

28.A

29.D

30.C

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。有文章指出室內(nèi)植物可以作為漂亮便宜的空氣凈化器，幫助你保持一個(gè)

更健康的家。同時(shí)通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了室內(nèi)植物還可以很好地提高人們的注意力，對(duì)大腦的工作效果起到積極

作用。

27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5timesmorepollutedthanthe

airoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily（百合花）andasparagusfem（蘆筍蕨）isaeconomical,

artisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.可知，鑒于室內(nèi)空氣污染比室外空氣污染嚴(yán)重2到5倍，用百合

花、蘆筍蕨這些植物來取代空氣凈化器凈化室內(nèi)空氣即經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠又美觀。由此可知，室內(nèi)植物可以作為漂

亮便宜的空氣凈化器。故選B。

28.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文Strugglingdirectiveattention（thekindofattentionthattakeseffort）canbe

refreshedthroughexposuretonaturalisticenvironments.可知掙扎的注意力（需要努力的注意力）可以通過置身于

自然環(huán)境中來恢復(fù)。據(jù)此可推知，劃線短語即指注意力得到恢復(fù)，變得更專注。故選A。

29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Participantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformance

fromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.

Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.可知在有植物的房間里工作的參與者，從

第一次閱讀測(cè)試到第二次閱讀測(cè)試，他們的表現(xiàn)有所提高，而在沒有植物的房間里工作的參與者則沒有提

高。因此，在植物間工作的好處是顯而易見的。由此可知，測(cè)試證明了在室內(nèi)植物間工作可以改善精神功

能。故選Do

30.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中Participantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformance

fromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.

Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.可知在有植物的房間里工作的參與者，從

第?次閱讀測(cè)試到第二次閱讀測(cè)試，他們的表現(xiàn)有所提高，而在沒有植物的房間里工作的參與者則沒有提

高。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知本文介紹室內(nèi)植物可以很好地提高人們的注意力，對(duì)大腦的工作效果起到積極作用。

故C選項(xiàng)“室內(nèi)植物：視覺腦食物”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。

六、（福建省廈門雙十中學(xué)2021屆高三期中）

Astudyofmorethanfivemillionbooks,bothfictionandnon-fiction,hasfoundamarkeddeclineintheuseof

emotionalwordsovertime.TheresearchersformtheUniversityofBristolusedGoogleNgramViewer,anonline

databaseforfindingthefrequencyoftermsinscannedbooks,tolookformorethan600particularwordsidentifiedas

representinganger,dislike,fear,joy,sadnessandsurprise.

Theyfoundthatalmostallofthecategoriesshowedadropinthese"moodwords“overtime.Onlyinthe

categoryoffearwasthereanincreaseinusage.

“Itisasteadyandcontinuousdecline,saidDrAlbertoAcerbi.Heassumedthattheresultmightbeexplainedby

achangeinthepositionoccupiedbyliterature,inacrowdedmedialandscape.440nethingcouldbethatinparallelto

booksthe20thcenturysawthestartofothermedia.Maybethesemedia-movies,radio,drama-hadmoreemotional

contentthanbooks.”

Althoughbothjoyandsadnessfollowedthegeneraldownwardstrend,theresearch,publishedinthejournal

PLOSOne,foundthattheyalsoexhibitedanotherinterestingbehavior:theratio（比率）betweenthetwovaried

greatly,apparentlymirroringhistoricalevents.DuringtheRoaringTwentiesthejoy-to-sadnessratioreachedits

highestpointthatwouldnotoccuragainuntilbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.Then,in1941,theratioplungedatthe

heightofWorldWarII.

Nevertheless,theresearchersheldareservedopinionabouttheirclaimthattheirresultreflectedwidersocial

trends.Inthepaper,theyevenarguethattheoppositecouldbetrue.uIthasbeensuggested,fbrexample,thatitwas

thesuppression（壓抑）ofdesireinordinaryElizabethanEnglishlifethatincreaseddemandfbrwriting'filledwith

romanceperhaps/5theyconclude,t€songsandbooksmaynotreflecttherealpopulationanymorethancatwalk

modelsreflecttheaveragebody.”

27.Thestudywascarriedoutbywayof.

A.scanningthebookswithanonlinescannerB.countingthenumberofwordsinthebooks

C.searchingdigitizedtextsforemotionalwordsD.analyzingdifferenttopicsofthebooks

28.Whichofthefollowingisoneoftheresearchfindings?

A.Usagedecreasedinallthecategoriesofmoodwords.

B.Usageofmostmoodwordskeptfallingovertime.

C.Thedeclinewascausedbytheriseofothermedia.

D.Theunfavorablepositionofliteratureledtothedecline.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"plunged“probablymean?

A.increasedB.changedC.droppedD.twisted

30.Theresearcherssuspectthat.

A.theirresearchresultreflectedwidersocialtrends.

B.theirresearchresultwasthecontraryofsocialtrends.

C.therewasasuppressionofdesireinElizabethanEnglishlife.

D.catwalkmodelsreflectthepopulationbetterthansongsandbooks.

【答案】

27.C

28.B

29.C

30.B

【解析】這是一篇說明文。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在各種類型的書籍中，表達(dá)情感的詞匯用量在下降，單單表

達(dá)恐懼的詞匯用量呈上升趨勢(shì)，文章分析了造成這種情緒詞匯下降的原因，指出表示快樂的詞匯用量與表

示悲傷的詞匯用量這兩者的比率，間接反映出歷史事件和社會(huì)趨勢(shì)。

27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheresearchersformtheUniversityofBristolusedGoogleNgramViewer,

anonlinedatabaseforfindingthefrequencyoftermsinscannedbooks,tolookformorethan600particularwords

identifiedasrepresentinganger,dislike,fearJoy,sadnessandsurprise.（來自布里斯托爾大學(xué)的研究人員使用谷歌

NgramViewer--------個(gè)查找掃描書籍中詞匯出現(xiàn)頻率的在線數(shù)據(jù)庫，尋找了600多個(gè)代表憤怒、不喜歡、恐

懼、高興、悲傷和驚訝的特定詞匯）”可知，這項(xiàng)研究是通過在數(shù)字化文本中搜索情感詞匯來進(jìn)行的。故選

Co

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theyfoundthatalmostallofthecategoriesshowedadropinthese'mood

wordsPverlime.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時(shí)間的推移，幾乎所有類別的“情緒詞匯”都有所下降）”可知，B選項(xiàng)“大

多數(shù)情緒詞的使用隨著時(shí)間的推移而不斷下降”是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。故選B。

29.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)戈I線I詞上文uAlthoughbothjoyandsadnessfollowedthegeneraldownwardstrend,the

research,publishedinthejournalPLOSOne,foundthattheyalsoexhibitedanotherinterestingbehavior:theratio（kL

率）betweenthetwovariedgreatly,apparentlymirroringhistoricalevents.DuringtheRoaringTwentiesthe

joy-to-sadnessratioreacheditshighestpointthatwouldnotoccuragainuntilbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.“可

知“歡樂悲傷比率”最高的兩個(gè)時(shí)期分別是“咆哮的二十年代”和金融危機(jī)前，其他時(shí)期都遵循了普遍的

下降趨勢(shì)，故1941年，在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)最激烈的時(shí)候，這一比例在下降。畫線詞意思為“下降”。A.

increased增加；B.changed改變；C.dropped下降；D.twisted扭曲。故選C。

30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Nevertheless,theresearchersheldareservedopinionabouttheirclaim

thattheirresultreflectedwidersocialtrends.Inthepaper,theyevenarguethattheoppositecouldbetrue.（然而，研

究人員對(duì)他們的結(jié)果反映了更廣泛的社會(huì)趨勢(shì)的說法持保留意見。在論文中，他們甚至認(rèn)為，情況可能恰

恰相反）”可知，研究人員懷疑他們的研究結(jié)果與社會(huì)趨勢(shì)相反。故選B。

七、（福建省漳州市2021屆高三測(cè)試）

IsraelicompanyWatergenhasproducedanappliancethatcangen