unit9Whatmakesaleader市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Unit9Whatmakesaleader?1/49Asenseofhumorispartoftheartofleadership,ofgettingalongwithpeople,ofgettingthingsdone.——DwightD.EisenhowerDiscussion

Ifyouareelectedthechairpersonofyourcountry,whatisthefirstthingyouaregoingtodo?Whyisitimportant?2/491.Whenyouselectapersontobeyourleaderatsomelevel,say,chairmanoftheStudents'Union,editorofthecollegetabloid,whatsortofpersondoyouthinkhe/sheoughttobe?2.Haveyoueverhadthewishtobealeaderofsomekind?Doyoubelieveyouhavethequalitiesrequiredandthusyouwillturnouttobeacompetentleader?3/49IllustrationwithExamples

Anobviousfeatureofthetextistheabundantuseof

examplestoillustratethetopicsentenceorcentralidea

ofaparagraph.EvidencefromTextPara.2

Centralidea:Leadershipisasmuchaquestionoftimingasanythingelse.

Illustrations:ThreegreatstatesmenChurchill,RooseveltandLeninatthetimewhentheirrolewascalledfor.Para.3

Topicsentence:Greatleadersarealmostalwaysgreatsimplifiers.

Illustrations:Thebriefbutforcefulmessagesthethreestatesmensenttotheirpeoplerespectively.4/49Para.4

Centralidea:Leaders

…

musthavebigger-than-life,commandingfeatures

…

Atrademarkalsocomesinhandy.

Illustrations:LGJ'snoseandearlobes;Ike'sbroadgrin;Lincoln'sstovepipehat,JFK'srocker.Para.5

Topicsentence:Italsohelpsforaleadertobeabletodo

somethingmostofuscan't.

Illustration:FDRovercamepolio;MaoswamtheYangtzeRiverattheageof72.Para.6

Topicsentence:Eventelevision

…

doesn'taltogetherobscurethequalitiesofleadershipwerecognize,ortheirabsence.

Illustrations:TelevisionexposedNixon'sinsecurityandHumphrey'sfatalinfatuationwithhisownvoice.5/49Para.8

Topicsentence:

Aleadershouldknowtoappearrelaxedandconfident.

Illustrations:Heshouldbeable,likeLincoln,FDR,Truman,Ike

andJFK,togiveagood,hearty,bellylaugh,insteadofthesicklygrinthatpassesforgoodhumorinNixonorCarter.RonaldReagan'strainingasanactorshowedtogoodeffectinthedebatewithCarter,whenbyhiseasymannerandapparentaffability.Para.9

Centralidea:Peoplecanonlybeledwheretheywanttogo.Theleaderfollows,thoughastepahead.

Illustrations:AmericanswantedtoclimboutoftheDepressionandneededsomeonetotellthemtheycoulddoit,andFDRdid.TheBritishbelievedthattheycouldstillwinthewarafterthedefeatsof1940,andChurchilltoldthemtheywereright.6/497/49MainideasTheleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadership.Greatleadersarealmostalwaysgreatsimplifiers.Leaders

musthavebigger-than-life,commandingfeaturesforpeopletoremember.Leadersmustbeabletodosomethingmostofuscan’t.Leadersmustknowhowtousepowerandhaveawayofshowinghedoes.8/49Aleadershouldknowtoappearrelaxedandconfident.Theleaderfollows,thoughastepaside.Aleaderridesthewaves,moveswiththetides,andunderstandsthedeepestyearningsofhispeople.Agreatleadermusthaveinfectiousoptimism.Agreatleadermusttransformourneedsandfearsintocoherentpoliciesandprogress.Heis,afterall,merelythesumofus.9/4910/49Noteverypresidentisaleader,buteverytimeweelectapresidentwehopeforoneNoteverypresidentisaleaderinthetruesense,buteverytimeweelectapresidentwehopewehaveelectedaleaderhopeforsth.wantsth.tobetrueortohappene.g.Heinvitedmetohisbirthdayparty;thisiswhatIhadbeenhopingfor.Whatwecandonowistohopeforthebestbutbepreparedfortheworst.11/49IneasytimesweareambivalentineasytimesintimeswhenwearefreefromdiscomfortorworryNotethatthiscontrastswith"intimesofdoubtandcrisis"intheprevioussentence.ambivalentadj.uncertainbecauseoftheinabilitytomakeachoice;havingopposedorconflictingattitudes,emotions,etc.e.g.Becauseofthebigdifferenceinfamilybackgroundsheremainedambivalentaboutthemarriage.IfeelprettyambivalentaboutwhetherIshould

takethejoboffer;thepayisgenerousbutIhavetobeflyingallaroundtheworldmostofthetime.

12/49shakesthingsupmakechangesinordertoimprovee.g.Theintroductionofdigitaltechnologyhasshakenmanyindustriesup.Severalplayersfromoverseashavebeenbroughtintoshakeuptheteam.13/49TheleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadershipTheleaderappearsonlywhenthepeoplefeeltheneedforsomeonetrustworthywhocanleadthemtoattaintheirdesiredgoals.14/49RooseveltFranklinD.Roosevelt,abbreviatedasFDR,(1882–1945)wasthe32ndpresidentoftheU.S.(1933–1945).Electedfourtimes,heinstitutedmajorreformsknownastheNewDealtocountertheeconomiccrisisofthe1930sandwasaforcefulleaderduringWWII.15/49eloquentmessageclearandforcefulmessage;amessagethatiseffectiveinpersuasion16/49Leadershipisasmuchaquestionoftimingasanythingelse.Theleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadership,asChurchilldidin1940,asRooseveltdidin1933,asLenindidin1917.Andwhenhecomes,hemustofferasimple,eloquentmessage.

譯文：當(dāng)領(lǐng)袖，掌握好時(shí)機(jī)很主要。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須順乎民心，應(yīng)時(shí)上臺(tái)。就像1940年上臺(tái)丘吉爾、1933年上臺(tái)羅斯福和1917年上臺(tái)列寧。一旦成為領(lǐng)袖，就必須發(fā)出簡(jiǎn)練有力信息。17/49straightforwardbutpotentmessagesexplicitlystatedbutpowerfulmessagespotentadj.strong,powerful,forcefuloreffectivee.g.Thisisapotentdrugtokillcancerouscellsbutithasunpleasantsideeffects.Hemadeaverypotentargumentinhisspeechforincreasinginterestrate.18/49theymusthavebigger-than-life,commandingfeaturestheymusthavecertainphysicalfeaturesthatareextraordinaryanddominant,thusimpressiveLGJAbbreviationofLyndonG.Johnson(1908–1973),the36thpresidentoftheU.S.(1963–1969)IkeDwightEisenhower(1890–1969),the34thpresidentoftheU.S.(1953–1961)19/49AtrademarkalsocomesinhandyAtrademarkisthenameorothersymbolusedtoidentifythegoodsproducedbyaparticularmanufacturer.However,inthiscontextitreferstothedistinctivesignormarkofthepresenceofaperson,suchasthestovepipehatLincolnworeandtherockerJFKlikedtositin.Thephrase

tocomeinhandy

means"tobeusefulinaparticularsituation".e.g.Keepthoseemptyglassbottles;theymightcomeinhandysometime.20/49LincolnAbrahamLincoln(1809–1865),the16thpresidentoftheU.S.JFKAbbreviationofJohnFitzgeraldKennedy(1917–1963),the35thpresidentoftheU.S.(1961–1963),thefirstRomanCatholicandtheyoungestmanevertobepresidentFordGeraldFord(1913–),the38thpresidentoftheU.S.(1974–1977).21/49AdlaiStevensonHereitreferstoAdlaiStevensonII(1900–1965),whowasanAmericanpoliticiannotedforhisintellectualdemeanor,eloquentoratoryandpromotionofliberalcausesintheDemocraticParty.HereceivedtheDemocraticParty’snominationforpresidentin1952and1956,butwasdefeatedbothtimesbyRepublicanDwightD.Eisenhower.NelsonRockfeller

(1908–1979)the41stvicepresidentoftheU.S.underGeraldFord22/49Eventelevision,whichcomesinforalotofknocksasanimage-builderthatmagnifiesformoversubstance,doesn'taltogetherobscurethequalitiesofleadershipwerecognize,ortheirabsence.Televisionreceivesalotofcriticismasapowerfuldevicetopresenttothepublictheimageofapersonforemphasizinghisappearanceratherthanhisinnerqualities;evensowecanstillidentifycertainqualitiesapersonhasasaleaderortheoneshelacks.comeinforreceiveblameorcriticisme.g.Theplanhadcomeinforfiercecriticismevenbeforeitsimplementation.Thedirectorofboardcameinforseverecriticismsformishandlingthedebtsofthecompany.23/49Eventelevision,whichcomesinforalotofknocksasanimage-builderthatmagnifiesformoversubstance,doesn’taltogetherobscurethequalitiesofleadershipwerecognize,ortheirabsence.

譯文：即使很多人指責(zé)電視善于營(yíng)造表面形象，令表象夸大失實(shí)，也無法歪曲、掩蓋或憑空捏造我們認(rèn)識(shí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者氣質(zhì)。24/49HumphreyHubertHoratioHumphrey(1911–1978),vice-presidentoftheU.S.underPresidentJohnsonfatalinfatuationwithhisownvoiceexcessiveadmirationforhisownvoice???25/49Physicalclumsiness26/49CarterJimmyCarter(bornin1924),the39thpresidentoftheU.S.(1977–1981),wastherecipientoftheNobelPeaceprize.27/49TrumanHarryS.Truman(1884–1972)wasthe33rdpresidentoftheU.S.(1945–1952).HeapprovedthedroppingofthetwoatombombsonJapan(1945).28/49thesicklygrinthatpassesforgoodhumorpassfor/asbeacceptedasbeinge.g.WithherperfectcommandofGerman,shepassedforanativeGermanlady.Wearinghisbrother'suniform,hepassedforapoliceman.29/49RonaldReagan

(1911–)the40thpresidentoftheU.S.(1981–1989)30/49RonaldReagan’strainingasanactorshowedtogoodeffectinthedebatewithCarter,whenbyhiseasymannerandapparentaffability,hemanagedtoconveytheimpressionthatinfacthewasthepresidentandCarterthechallenger.

譯文：羅納德?里根曾經(jīng)接收過演員訓(xùn)練，這一點(diǎn)在他與卡特辯論時(shí)發(fā)揮了作用。在辯論時(shí)，他以輕松和善形象讓人感覺似乎他才是現(xiàn)任總統(tǒng)，卡特才是挑戰(zhàn)者。31/49Peoplecanonlybeledwheretheywanttogo.Theleaderfollows,thoughastepahead.Peoplecanonlybeledtogowheretheythemselveschoose;noonecanforcethemtogowherehewantsthemto.Theleadershouldgowiththepeopleinthedirectiontheychoose,butheisnotjustoneamongthem;heleadsthem.32/49AmericanswantedtoclimboutoftheDepressionandneededsomeonetotellthemtheycoulddoit,andFDRdid.

譯文：美國(guó)人想爬出經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條泥潭，需要有些人告訴他們能做到這一點(diǎn)，這個(gè)人就是羅斯福。33/491.WhatcanbeinferredfromPara.9abouttherelationshipbetweenthepeopleandaleader?

Aleadershouldbeoneofthepeoplewhoseektorealizetheirdesiredgoals,butdifferentfromtheordinarypeople.Hemustbetheonewhotakestheleadinsuchendeavours.34/49Aleaderridesthewaves,moveswiththetidesThisisananalogy.Thetwowords"waves"and"tides"areoriginallyusedtodescribethemovementofwatersofanocean;heretheyareanalogouslyusedtorefertothedevelopmentofasituation.Whatitmeansisthataleadershouldchoosetogointhedirectionthepeoplewishtotake.35/49dignifyourdesiresrespectourwishesbysheerrhetoricmerelybyusingpersuasivespeechrallyingcryawordoraphrasethatisusedtounitethepeopleinsupportofanidea36/49Aleadermuststirourblood,notappealtoourreason.Aleadershouldstimulateourpassion,notjusttrytoreasonwithus.37/49wecan'tfakehimwecan'tpretendthatwehavealeader38/49How,accordingtothetext,wouldyouanswerthequestionraisedbytheauthorinthetitle"whatmakesaleader?"

Therearecertainqualitiesthatarerequiredofaleader,butwhatisquintessentialinthemakingofaleaderisthetimeandthepeople.Aleaderappearsonlywhenthetimecallsforone,andwhatisevenmoreimportantisthatitisthepeoplewhocreatealeader.Refertothelasttwoparagraphsofthetext:Hewon'tcomeuntilwe'rereadyforhim—ourstrengthmakeshimstrong;ourdeterminationmakeshimdetermined;ourcouragemakeshima

hero;heis,inthefinalanalysis,thesymbolofthebestinus,shapedbyourownspiritandwill.39/4940/491.Supposeyouareoneofseveralcandidatesrunningforthepositionof,say,chairmanoftheCollegeStudents'Union,captainofthecollegebasketballteam,headofthedramagroup,etc.,andyouaregoingtomakeaspeechtoyourfellowstudents,whosevoteswilldecidetheoutcomeoftheelection.Nowtrytoadvertiseyourselfinthespeech,explainingwhyyouthinkyouarethemostsuitablepersonfortheposition.41/492.InthetextKordahasdiscussedcertainqualitieswhichhethinksaredesirableinaleader.Healsopresentstheviewthataleaderiscreatedbythepeopleatatimewhenoneiscalledfor.YoumayormaynotagreewitheverythingKordahassaidaboutaleader.Presentyourviewsinagroupdiscussion,exchangingyourideaswitheachotherandcomparingthemwithKorda's.Hopefullyyourdiscussionwillleadtoyourownnotionof"whatmakesaleader".42/4943/49Paraphrasing1.Theabilitytoarrangeandcontrolovereventsandactionstoachievedesiredresultsisaqualitythatismostrequiredofaleader.2.Heshouldbegoodatexercisinghispower/authoritywheredesired(that’saqualityaleadermusthave),andheshoulddemonstratehimselftobeequaltosuchfunction.3.Theleadershouldbequickatnoticingwhatpeopleareinneedof,andgetaheadtomeettheirdemandswhileguidinganddelegatingthemtowardaspecifieddirection.4.Strength,determinationandcouragearemostimportantqualitieswemustacquire,withoutwhichwecanhardlyhopetomakeagoodleaderofours.Wecannotdeceiveourselvesbymakinghimappearwhatheisnot,nomatterhowskilledweareinimprovinghispublicimage.Wearewellawarethatheistherepresentativeofallofus.44/491.Theoutcomeofthegamedependsnotjustontheskillsofindividualplayersbutalsoonthetimingofalltheplayersoftheteam.2.WhatIwanttoasknextishowwecouldsustainaconstantself-identity.3.

Hefeltashamedofhimselfforthefoolishthingshehaddone

whenhisinfatuationwasover.4.Skindoctorswarnpeopletobecarefulwithdirectsunexposurebecauseoftheriskofskincancer.5.