2025年全國(guó)碩士研究生考試考研英語(yǔ)二試卷真題（含答案）

2025年研究生考試英語(yǔ)（二）試題及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Therearemanyunderstandablereasonswhyyoumightfinditdifficulttoaskforhelpwhenyouneedit.Psychologistshavebeeninterestedinthis_1_fordecades,notleastbecausepeople’swidespread_2_toaskforhelphasledtosomehigh-profilefailures.Askingorhelptakes_3_.Itinvolvescommunicatinganeedonyourpart-theressomethingyoucantdo._4_,yourebroadcastingyourownweaknesseswhichcanbe_5_.Youmightworryaboutcomingacrossasincompetent.Youmighthave_6_aboutlosingcontrolofwhateveritisyoureaskingforhelpwith._7_someonestartstohelp,perhapsthey’lltakeover,orgetcreditforyourearlierefforts.Yetanother_8_thatmightbeworriedaboutisbeinganuisanceor_9thepersonyougotoforhelp.Ifyoustrugglewithlowself-esteem,youmightfinditespeciallydifficultto_10_forhelpbecauseyouhavetheaddedworryoftheotherperson_11_yourrequest.Youmightseesuchrefusalsasimplyingsomething_12_aboutthestatusofyourrelationshipwiththem.To_13_thesedifficulties,trytoremindyourselfthateveryoneneedshelpsometimes.Nobodyknowseverythingandcandoeverythingallbythemselves.Andwhileyoumight_14_comingacrossasincompetent,theresactuallyresearchthatshowsthatadvice-seekersare15_asmorecompetent,notless.Perhapsmostencouragingofallisapaperfrom2022byresearchersatStanfordUniversitythatinvolvedamixofcontrivedhelp-seekinginteractionsandaskingpeopleto_16_timesthey’dsoughthelpinthepast.Thefindingsshowedthathelp-seekergenerallyunderestimatehow17_otherpeoplewillbetohelpandhowgooditllmakethehelp-giverfeel(formostpeople,havingthechancetohelpsomeoneishighly18_).So,bearallthisinmindthenexttimeyouneedtoaskforhelp19_,takecareoverwhoyouaskandwhenyouaskthem.Andifsomeonecanthelprightnow,avoidtalkingitpersonally.Theymightjustbetoo_20_,ortheymightnotfeelconfidentabouttheirabilitytohelp1.[A]illusion[B]discussion[C]tradition[D]question2.[A]reluctance[B]ambition[C]tendency[D]enthusiasm3.[A]attention[B]talent[C]courage[D]patience4.[A]Atanytime[B]Inotherwords[C]Byallmeans[D]Onthecontrary5.[A]unrealistic[B]deceptive[C]tiresome[D]uncomfortable6.[A]doubts[B]concerns[C]suggestions[D]secrets7.[A]Once[B]Unless[C]Although[D]Before8.[A]theory[B]choice[C]factor[D]context9.[A]overpraising[B]outperforming[C]reassessing[D]無(wú)210.[A]reachout[B]settledown[C]turnover[D]lookback11.[A]declining[B]considering[C]criticising[D]evaluating12.[A]unnecessary[B]negative[C]strange[D]impractical13.[A]explain[B]identify[C]predict[D]overcome14.[A]deny[B]forget[C]miss[D]fear15.[A]disguised[B]perceived[C]followed[D]introduced16.[A]read[B]classify[C]analyse[D]compare17.[A]brave[B]surprising[C]rewarding[D]demanding18.[A]relaxing[B]disappointed[C]willing[D]hesitant19.[A]Thus[B]Also[C]Finally[D]Instead20.[A]polite[B]proud[C]busy[D]lazySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1U.S.customershistoricallytippedpeopletheyassumedwereearningmostoftheirincomeviatips,suchasrestaurantserversearninglessthantheminimumwage.Intheearly20XXs,awiderangeofbusinessesstartedprocessingpurchaseswithiPadsandotherdigitalpaymentsystems.Thesesystemspromptedcustomerstotipforservicesthatwerenotpreviouslytipped.Todaystiprequestsareoftennotconnectedtothesalaryandservice3normsthatusedtodeterminewhenoudhowpeopletip.Customersinthepastnearlyalwayspaidtipsafterreceivingaservice,suchasattheconclusionofarestaurantmeal,aftergettingahaircutoronceapizzawasdelivered.Thattimingcouldrewardhigh-qualityserviceandgiveworkersanincentivetoprovideit.Itsbecomingmorecommonfortipstoberequestedbeforehand.Andnewtippingtechnologymayevenautomaticallyaddtips.Theprevalenceofdigitalpaymentdeviceshasmadeiteasiertoaskcustomersforatip.Thathelpsexplainwhytiprequestsarecreepingintonewkindofservices.Customersnowroutinelyseemenusofsuggesteddefaultoptions-oftenwellabove70%ofwhattheyowe.Theamountshaverisenfrom10%orlessinthe1950sto15%aroundtheyear2000to20%orhighertoday.Thisincreaseissometimescalledtipflation-theexpectationofever-highertipamounts.Tippinghasalwaysbeenavitalsourceofincomeforworkersinhistoricallytippedservices,likerestaurants,wherethetippedminimumwagecanbeaslowasUS$2.13anhour.Tipcreepandtipflationarenowfurthersupplementingtheincomeofmanylow-wageserviceworkers.Notably,tippingprimarilybenefitssomeoftheseworkers,suchascooksanddishwashers.Toensurethatallemployeeswerepaidfairwages,somerestaurantsbannedtippingandincreasedprices,butthismovementtowardno-tippingserviceshaslargelyfizzledout.421.Accordingtoparagraph1,thepracticeoftipsintheU.S._.[A]wasregardedbymanycustomersasasignofgenerosity[B]wasconsideredessentialforwaiters[C]wasawayofrewardingdiligence[D]wasoptionalinmostbusinesses22.Comparedwithtipsinthepast,todaystips_.[A]arepaidmuchlessfrequently[B]arelessoftenrequestedinadvance[C]havelesstodowithservicequality[D]contributedlesstoworkersincome23.Tiprequestsarecreepingintonewkindofserviceasaresultof_.[A]theadvancementoftechnology[B]thedesireforincomeincrease[C]thediversificationofbusiness[D]theemergenceoftipflation24.Themovementtowardtono-tippingservicewasintendedto_.[A]promoteconsumption[B]enrichincomesources5[C]maintainreasonableprices[D]guaranteeincomefairness25.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthattipping_.[A]isbecomingaburdenforcustomers[B]helpsencouragequalityservice[C]isvitaltobusinessdevelopment[D]reflectstheneedtoreducepricesText2Whenitwasestablished,theNationalHealthservice(NHS)wasvisionary:offeringhigh-quality,timelycaretomeetthedominantneedsofthepopulationitserved/Nearly75yearson;withtheUKfacingverydifferenthealthchallenges,itisclearthatmodelisoutofdate.Fromlifeexpectancytocancerandinfantmortalityrates,wearelaggingbehindmanyofourpeers/Withmorethan6.8milliononwaitlists,healthcareisbecomingincreasinglyinaccessibleforthosewhocannotopttopayforprivatetreatment;andthecostofprovidinghealthcareisincreasinglysqueezedoutinvestmentinotherpublicservices/Asdemandforhealthcarecontinuestogrow,pressuresontheworkforce-whichisalreadynearbreakingpoint-willonlybecomemoreacute.Manyoftheanswerstothecrisisinhealthandcarearewellrehearsed./Weneedtobemuchbetteratreducinganddivertingdemandonhealthservices,ratherthansimplymanagingit./Muchmoreneedstobe6investedincommunitiesandprimarycaretoreduceourrelianceonhospitals/Andcapacityinsocialcareneedstobegreater,tosupportthegrowingnumberofpeoplelivingwithlong-termconditions.26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theNHS_.[A]istroubledbyfundingdeficiencies[B]canhardlysatisfypeoplesneeds[C]canbarelyretainitscurrentemployees[D]isrivalledbyprivatemedicalservices27.Oneanswertothecrisisinhealthandcareisto_.[A]boosttheefficiencyofhospitals[B]lightentheburdenonsocialcare[C]increaseresourcesforprimarycare[D]reducethepressureoncommunities28."Reimagininghealth"isaimedto_.[A]reinforcehospitalmanagement[B]readjusthealthcareregulations[C]restructurethehealthsystem[D]resumesuspendedhealthreforms29.Tomaximisethenationshealth,theauthorsuggests_.[A]introducingrelevanttaxationpolicies[B]payingdueattentiontosocialfactors7[C]reevaluatingmajorhealthoutcomes[D]enhancingthequalityofhealthcare30.Itcanbeinferredthatlocalleadersshould_.[A]exercisetheirpowermorereasonably[B]developastrongersenseofresponsibility[C]playabiggerroleinthenhealthsystem[D]understandpeopleshealthneedsbetterText3Heatactionplans,orHAPs,havebeenproliferatinginIndiainthepastfewyears.Ingeneral,aHAPspellsoutwhenandhowofficialsshouldissueheatwarningsandalerthospitalsandotherinstitutions.Nagpursplan,forinstance,callsforhospitalstosetaside"coldwards"inthesummerfortreatingheatstrokepatients,andadvisesbuilderstogiveconstructionlaborersabreakfromworkonveryhotdays.ButimplementationofexistingHAPshasbeenuneven,accordingtoareportfromtheCentreforPolicyResearch.Manylackadequatefunding,itfound.Andtheirtriggeringthresholdsoftenarenotcustomizedtothelocalclimate.Insomeareas,highdaytimetemperaturesalonemightserveasanadequatetriggerforalerts.Butinotherplaces,nighttimetemperaturesorhumiditymightbeasimportantagaugeofriskasdaytimehighs.MumbaisAprilheatstrokedeathshighlightedtheneedformorenuancedandlocalizedwarnings,researcherssay.Thatdayshigh8temperatureofroughly36℃was1℃shyoftheheatwavealertthresholdforcoastalcitiessetbynationalmeteorologicalauthorities.Buttheeffectsoftheheatwereamplifiedbyhumidity—anoftenneglectedfactorinheatalertsystems-andthelackofshadeatthelate-morningoutdoorceremony.TohelpimproveHAPs,urbanplannerRajashreeKotharkarsteamisworkingonamodelplanthatoutlinesbestpracticesandcouldbeadaptedtolocalconditions.Amongotherthings,shesays,allcitiesshouldcreateavulnerabilitymaptohelpfocusresponsesonthepopulationsmostatrisk.Suchmappingdoesntneedtobecomplex,Kotharkarsays."Ausefulmapcanbecreatedbylookingatevenafewkeyparameters."Forexample,neighborhoodswithalargeelderlypopulationorinformaldwellingsmightbepoorerwithheatcouldgetspecialwarningsorbebolsteredwithcoolingcenters.TheNagpurprojecthasalreadycreatedariskandvulnerabilitymap,whichenabledKotharkartotellofficialswhichneighborhoodstofocusonintheeventofaheatwavethissummer.HAPsshouldntjustincludeshort-termemergencyresponses,researcherssay,butalsorecommendmedium-tolong-termmeasuresthatcouldmakecommunitiescooler.InNagpur,forexample,Kotharkarsteamhasbeenabletoadvisecityofficialsaboutwheretoplanttreestoprovideshade.HAPscouldalsoguideeffortstoretrofithomesormodifybuildingregulations."Reducingdeathsinanemergencyisgoodtargettohave,butitsthelowesttarget,"saysclimateresearcherChandriSingh.931.AccordingtoParagraph1,Nagpursplanproposesmeasuresto_.[A]tackleextremeweather[B]ensureconstructionquality[C]monitoremergencywarnings[D]addressexcessiveworkloads32.OneproblemwithexistingHAPsisthatthey_.[A]provetoocostlytobeimplemented[B]lacklocalizedalert-issuingcriteria[C]givedelayedresponsestoheatwaves[D]keephospitalsundergreatpressure33.MumbaiscaseshowsthatIndiasheatalertsystemsneedto_.[A]includeotherfactorsbesidestemperature[B]takesubtleweatherchangesintoaccount[C]prioritizepotentiallydisastrousheatwaves[D]drawfurthersupportfromlocalauthorities34.Kotharkarholdsthatavulnerabilitymapcanhelp_.[A]preventtheharmofhighhumidity[B]targetareasneedingspecialattention[C]expandtheNagpurprojectscoverage[D]makereliefplansforheat-strickenpeople1035.Accordingtothelastparagraph,researchersbelievethatHAPsshould_.[A]focusmoreonheatstroketreatment[B]applyformoregovernmentgrants[C]invitewiderpublicparticipation[D]serveabroaderrangeofpurposesText4Navigatingbeyondtheorganisedpavementsandpartsofoururbanspaces,desirepathsaretheunofficialfootprintsofacommunity,revealingtheunspokenpreferences,sharedshortcutsandcollectivechoicesofhumans.Oftenappearingastroddendirttracksthroughotherwiseneatgreenspaces,theseroutesofcollectivedisobediencecutcorners,bisectlawnsandcrosshills,representingthenaturalcapabilityofpeoplecand,animals,togofrompointAtopointBmosteffectively.Urbanplannersinterpretdesirepathsasmorethanjustconvenientshortcuts;theyoffervaluableinsightsintothedynamicsbetweenplanningandbehaviour.Navigatingbeyondtheorganisedpavementsandparksofoururbanspaces,desirepathsaretheunofficialfootprintsofacommunity,revealingtheunspokenpreferences,sharedshortcutsandcollectivechoicesofhumans.Oftenappearingastroddendirttracksthroughotherwiseneatgreenspaces,theseroutesofcollectivedisobediencecutcorners,bisect11lawnsandcrosshills,representingthenaturalcapabilityofpeople(andanimals)togofrompointAtopointBmosteffectively.Urbanplannersinterpretdesirepathsasmorethanjustconvenientshortcuts;theyoffervaluableinsightsintothedynamicsbetweenplanningandbehaviour.OhioStateUniversityalloweditsstudentstonavigatetheOval,alawninthecentreofcampus,freely,thenproceededtopavethedesirepaths,creatingawebofeffectiveroutesstudentshadestablished.Yet,reluctancepersistsamongotherplannerstointegratedesirepathsintoformalplans,citingconcernsaboutsafety,environmentalimpact,orprimarily,aesthetics.ARedditwebpagedevotedtothephenomenon,boastingnearly50,000members,showcasesimagesoflocaldesirepathsadornedwithsignsinstructingpedestrianstoadheretodesignatedwalkways,underscoringtherebelliousnatureinherentinthesehuman-madetracks.Thisclashhighlightsanongoingstrugglebetweentheorganic,user-drivenevolutionofpublicspacesandthedesireforavisuallycuratedandcontrolledurbanenvironment.TheWickquasgeckTrailisanexampleofahistoricaldesirepath,createdbyNativeAmericanstocrosstheforestsofManhattanandmovebetweensettlementsquickly.Thistrail,whenDutchcolonistsarrived,waswidenedandmadeintooneofthemaintraderoadsacrosstheisland,knownatthetimeasdeHeereStraat,orGentlemen’sStreet.FollowingtheBritishassumptionofcontrolinNewYork,thestreetwasrenamed12Broadway.Notably,BroadwaystandsoutasoneofthefewareasinNYCthatdefiesthegrid-basedsystemappliedtotherestofthecity,cuttingadiagonalacrosspartsofthecity.Inonlinespaces,desirepathshavesparkedafascinationthatcanapproachobsession,withtheRedditpageservingasahub.Contributorsofferawidearrayofstories,fromlittle-knownnewshortcutstolong-establishedalternateroutes.Animaldesirepaths,suchasducksforgingtrailsthroughfrozenpondsordogscarvingdirectroutesingardens,highlighttheadaptabilityofthesetrailsinbothhumanandanimalexperiences.Asdesirepathscriss-crossthroughbothphysicalandvirtuallandscapes,theystandasaproofofthecollectiveinsistenceonforgingunconventionalroutesandembracingthespiritofcommunalchoice.36.AccordingtoParagraph1,desirepathsarearesultof_.[A]thecuriositytoexploresurroundinghills[B]thenecessitytopreservegreenspaces[C]thetendencytopursueconvenience[D]thewishtofindcomfortinsolitude37.ItcanbeinferredthatOhioStateUniversity_.[A]intendstoimproveitsdesirepaths13[B]leadsintheresearchondesirepaths[C]guidesthecreationofitsdesirepaths[D]takesapositiveviewofdesirepaths38.TheimagesontheRedditwebpagereflect_.[A]conflictingopinionsontheuseofdesirepaths[B]thecalltoupgradethedesigningofpublicspaces[C]thedemandforproperplanningofdesirepaths[D]growingconcernsoverthelossofpublicspaces39.TheexampleoftheWickguasgeckTrailillustrates_.[A]thegrowthofNewYorkCity[B]theDutchoriginofdesirepaths[C]theimportanceofurbanplanning[D]therecognitionofdesirepaths40.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatdesirepaths_.[A]revealhumansdeeprespectfornature[B]arecrucialtohumansmentalwellbeing[C]areahumanimitationofanimalbehaviour[D]showasharedtraitinhumansandanimalsPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsby14choosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudoneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Staypositive[B]Respectthepast[C]Usechannels[D]Giveittime[E]Inviteresistance[F]Beasalesman[G]BehumbleFiveStepstoSuggestingaChangeatWorkThatllActuallyGetTakenSeriouslyEveryonewantstobethatperson—theonewholooksatthesameinformationaseveryoneelse,butwhoseesafresh,innovativesolution.However,ittakesmorethansimplyhavingagoodidea.Howyoushareitisasimportantasthesuggestionitself.Why?Becausewritinganewscript-literallyorfiguratively-meansthatotherteammemberswillhavetoadapttosomethingnew.Sowhetheryouresuggestinga(seemingly)benignchangelikestreamliningoutdatedprotocol,orabiggerchangelikeaddinganhourtoeachworkdaysopeoplecanleaveearlyonFridays,youreaskingotherstoreimaginetheirworkfloworschedule.Nottomention,if15theprocessyourscrappingisonesomeoneelsesuggested,theresthepossibilityofhurtfeelings.Togainbuy-inonaninnovative,newidea,followthesesteps:41_.Greatideasdontstandalone.Inotherwords,youcantmentionyoursuggestiononceandexpectittobeadopted.Toseeachange,you’llneedtochampionyourplanandsellitsmerits.Inaddition,youneedtobewillingtostanduptoscrutinyandcriticismandbepreparedtoexplainyourinnovationindifferentwaysforvariousaudiences.42_.Sometimesitmakessensetogotoyourbossfirst.Butothertimes,itsusefultobuildacoalitionamongyourco-workersorotherstakeholders.Whenitworks,itworksgreat—becauseyourereadyforyourstubbornsupervisorspushbackwithanswerslike,“Actually,Iconnectedwithafewpeopleinourtechdepartmenttodiscusshowmuchtimethesekindsofwebsiteupdateswouldtake,andtheysuggestedtheyhavethebandwidth.However,justbecertainyoucanexplainyourend-aroundapproachasonethatbuiltyourcase,ratherthansimplycircumventedyourmanager.Thelastthingyouwantisforyourbosstofeelembarrassedhewasntinformed—whichcouldleadhimtoquashtheideabeforeiteventakesoff.43_.16Oneofthebiggestbarrierstogainingbuy-inoccurswhentheownerofanideaisviewedasargumentative,defensive,orclose-minded.Because,letsbehonest:Noonelikesaknow-it-all.So,ifpeopledisagreewithyou,dontbeindignant.Instead,listentotheirconcernsfully,trytounderstandtheirperspective,andincludetheirconcerns(andpossibleremedies)infuturediscussions.So,insteadofsaying,“Martha,ourcurrentsloganisconfusingandshouldbeupdated,”youcouldtry,“Martharaisesagreatpointthatourcurrentsloganhasalonghistoryforourstakeholders,butIwonderifwemightabletobrainstormataglinethatcouldbuildonthat—andbeclearerfornewcustomers.”44_.Newideasarethegrandchildrenofoldones.Inotherwords,dontthrowoldsolutionsunderthebustomakeyourimprovementstandout.Rememberthatinlightofwhatevertheproblemtheoldsystemsolved—or,maybe,hasfailedtosolveinrecentmemory—itwasagreatideaatthetime.Appreciatingtheoldercontributionsasyousuggestfutureinnovationshelpsbolsterthecredibilityofyouridea.45_.Whenpitchinganewidea,itsimportantusethelanguageofabundanceinsteadofthelanguageofdeficit.Insteadofsayingwhatiswrong,broken,orsuboptimal,talkaboutwhatisright,fixable,orideal.17Forexample,try,“Icanseelotsofapplicationsforthisnewapproach”ratherthan,“Thisinnovationistheonlyway.”Beoptimisticbutrealistic,andyouwillstandout.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Youknowthemoment-theconversation.Slows,thentheresapause.Itsawkward,andsoawkwardthatsomepeoplewillpanicandsayanything.Doweallfindsuchsilencessostressful?Researchersanalysedthefrequencyandimpactofgapsgreaterthan2secondsdaringconversations,includinganoverviewofpreviousstudieswhichindicatethatthefearofawkwardsilencescanbesoextremethatpeopleavoidtakingtostrangers,eventhoughdoingsoislikelytobeanenjoyableexperience.Duringconversationswithshortgaps,peoplefeelmoreconnectedtotheirconversationpartners.Butsuchfeeingofconnectionmarkedlydipwhenenteringalonggap.Longgapsbetweenstrangersarelikelytobefollowedbyachangeintopic.Buttheoppositeseemstobetrueforconversationsbetweenfriends.Longgapstheresawincreasedconnection.Betweenfriends,longergapsseemtoprovidenaturalmomentsforreflectionandexpression.18SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouareplanningashortplaybasedonaclassicChinesenovel.WriteyourfriendJohnane-mailto.1)introducetheplayand2)invitehimtakepartinitYoushouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)SectionIUseofEnglish1.【答案】[D]question2.【答案】[A]reluctance3.【答案】[C]courage4.【答案】[B]Inotherwords5.【答案】[D]uncomfortable6.【答案】[B]concerns7.【答案】[A]Once8.【答案】[C]factor9.【答案】[D]inconveniencing10.【答案】[A]reachout11.【答案】[A]declining12.【答案】[B]negative13.【答案】[D]overcome14.【答案】[D]fear15.【答案】[B]perceived16.【答案】[A]recall17.【答案】[C]willing18.【答案】[C]rewarding19.【答案】[B]also20.【答案】[C]busySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.【答案】[B]wasconsideredessentialforwaiters22.【答案】[C]havelesstodowithservicequality23.【答案】[A]theadvancementoftechnology24.【答案】[B]guaranteeincomefairness25.【答案】[A]isbecomingaburdenforcustomersText226、【答案】[B]canhardlysatisfypeoplesneeds27、【答案】[C]increaseresourcesforprimarycare28、【答案】[C]restructurethehealthsystem29、【答案】[B]payingdueattentiontosocialfa