研究生英語綜合教程下unit1省公開課金獎全國賽課一等獎微課獲獎課件

Unit1

LivingAFullLife

Unit1LivingaFullLife1/65

Content

Startingout

ReadingFocus

ReadingMore

PracticalTranslation

FocusedWriting

FinalProject2/65Task1Discusswithmembersofyourgroupwhatis/arethemostimportantelement(s)forlivingafulllife.Youmaychooseoneormorefromthefollowinglistorprovideyourownanswer.Thengivereasonswhyyouhavemadesuchachoice.?agoodappearance ?closefriends?ahappymindset?agoodneighborhood?perfecthealth ?anabsorbinghobby?agoodjob ?lotterywinnings?ahappyfamilyStartingout—Task13/65Task2

YourbestfriendhasrecentlybeeninlowspiritseversinceshewasdiagnosedwithCOPD(ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDisease)(慢性阻塞性肺病).Shestaysinbedmostofthetimeandmissesalotofclasses.Shehasnothingtodo,andmoreoverwantstodonothing.Howwouldyouencouragehertocopewiththediseasewithapositiveattitude?Startingout—Task24/65Herearesomesuggestionsfromexpertsthatwillenableyoutoretain(ortakeback)muchofyourindependenceandimproveyourqualityoflife.?

Don’tisolateyourself...reachouttoothers?Stayasphysicallyactiveasyoucan?Manageyourbreathing?StickwithyourtreatmentplanStartingout—Task25/65Task3ReadtheletterfromJohnDoeand,withyourpartner,discusshowyoucouldhelphim.DearAbby,IfeellikeIalmostcan’tbreathenow.IworkaridiculousamountofhoursandIdon’thavetimetorelax.Myparentslive1,400milesawayandIamhereallbymyself.Ihavenotimetomakefriends.SometimesIfeelIdon’tevenhavealife.WhatshouldIdo?Kindregards,JohnStartingout—Task36/65

DearJohn,Iusedtolivealifejustlikeyours.IcanseemyselfinyouwhenIfinishedmycollegeandstartedmyfirstjob.IfoundajobasjuniorreporterforChicagoDailysoImovedfromHoustontoChicago.Iwasworking18hoursadayinaplacewhereIknewfewpeople.Myhealthfinallybrokedownfromtoomuchworkandpoordiet.Istayedinhospitalfortwoweeks.MyparentscametoChicagoandtookcareofme.AfterIwasoutofhospital,IquittedmyjobandmovedbacktoHouston,whereIfoundajobinalocalnewspaper.IvisitedmyparentsoftenandIhadtimetohangaroundwithmyfriendswhomIhadknownforyearsaswellasthoseInewlymade.Ifelthappyfinally.

Startingout—Task37/65Startingout—Task3

Somysuggestionistotakesometimeoffyourworkandgobacktovisityourparentsandfriends.Considerchangingajobwhichrequiresfewerhourssothatyoumayhavetimetomakefriends.Youmayalsotrytotakeclassesonasubjectyouareinterestedinorpursueahobby.Youaresuretofindlifeworthliving.Yours,Abby8/65StartingoutListentothepassage“BoredtoDeath”andfillouttheblanks.We’veallbeenboredfromtimetotime.sometimes,whenwe’rereallyatlooseends（無所適從）,wemightevensaywe’re“boredtodeath”or“_____________________!”Wedon’treallymeanit,ofcourse.Butaccordingtoonestudy,itmaybetrue.Thatis,it________

_______________tobeboredtodeath.ResearchersinEnglandlookedatsurveysdoneinthemid1980s–severalthousandquestionnairesfilledoutby____________________abouttheirjobs.soboredIcoulddie

seems

possible

literallyLondon

civil

servants9/65Theresearchersfoundthatthosewho’dsaidthatinthepreviousmonththeywereboredatworkwere_____________________

________________asotherworkerstodieofaheartproblemoverthefollow-upperiod.Workerswho______________

______________intheirjobswerelesslikelytodieprematurely（過早地）.Now,thisdoesn’tmeanthatfeelingbored____________________________willkillyou.We’retalkingaboutchronicboredom,asinbeingboredallthetime.

morethan

twiceaslikely

claimed

to

be

interested

every

once

in

a

whileStartingout10/65Andit’snotnecessarilyboredomitselfthat’sdeadly.Mostprobably,accordingtothestudy,it’sthefactthatbeingboredoftenleadsto_____________________suchsmoking,overeating,drinking,andabusingdrugs.Otherstudieshavelinked______________________–adiseaseknownoftentoleadtopoorhealth.Doesthismeanthatbeingengagedandinterested–inotherwords,theoppositeofbored–_____________________?Maybe.Ifnotbeingboredmeansbeingphysicallyactiveandadoptinggooddietaryandexercisehabits,thenitcertainlycan’thurt.unhealthyhabitsboredom

and

depressionleads

to

better

healthStartingout11/65TheHiddenSideofHappinessReadingFocus12/65

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation113/65WatchaclipfromThePursuitofHappynessinwhichChristopher’swifejustlefthim.Discusswithyourpartnerhowpeopleshouldpursuehappiness.

BackgroundInformationClickonthepicture14/65ReadingFocus

–

GlobalUnderstanding1Introduction2Body3Conclusion(Paras.1-3)(Paras.4-17)(Para.18)15/65IntroductionReadingFocus

–

GlobalUnderstandingMainidea:Manypeoplefindthatenduringaharrowingordeal________________________________________.Thereseemstobeabuilt-inhumancapacityto_________________________________________________.Whatdoesn’tkillyoucanactuallymakeyoustronger.ultimatelychangesthemforthebetterflourishunderthemostdifficultcircumstances16/65BodyMainidea:Peoplewhohavesufferedthemost,whohavebeenforcedtocontendwithshockstheyneveranticipatedandtorethinkthemeaningoftheirlives,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

mayhavethemosttotellusaboutthatprofoundandintenselyfulfillingjourneythatphilosophersusedtocallthesearchReadingFocus

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GlobalUnderstandingfor“thegoodlife”17/65Argument1:Happinessisonlyoneamongmanyvaluesinhumanlife.Sometimesonly_________________________canfoster

suchqualitiesas_________________________________________________________________because_______________________________________________________________________________________.Example:31-year-oldfashiondesignerTracyCyr.“IfeltIhadbeenshownthesecretoflifeandwhywe’rehere:tobehappyandtonurtureotherlife.It’sthatsimple.”thetrialsofadversitycreativitycompassion,wisdom,altruism,insight,

ReadingFocus

–

GlobalUnderstandingsometimesonlydrasticsituationscanforceus

totakeonthepainfulprocessofchangeBody18/65Argument2:Formanypeoplewhohaveenduredextremeeventslikecombat,violentcrimeorsuddenseriousillness—perhapseventhemajority—life_________________________________________________.ultimatelybecomesricherand

ReadingFocus

–

GlobalUnderstandingmoregratifyingBody19/65Argument3:Actuallyimplementingthesechanges,aswellasfullycomingtotermswithanewreality,______________________________________.Andeventually,peoplemayfindthemselvesfreedinwaystheyneverimagined.Example:_________________________________________.Althoughparentingcanbringsleepdeprivationandthenecessityofputtingasidepersonalpleasure,ultimately,theemotionalrewardscancompensateforthepainanddifficultiesofadversity.usuallytakesOneoflife’sbiggestchallenges:parentingconscious,effortReadingFocus

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GlobalUnderstandingBody20/65ConclusionMainidea:________________________________________________________________________________________________________.It’spossibletoliveanextraordinaryrewardinglifeevenwithintheconstraintsandstruggleswefaceReadingFocus

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GlobalUnderstanding21/65Task2Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext(P11)

Key:2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10BCAADACDBDReadingFocus

–

DetailedInformation22/65CriticalThinkingReadingFocus23/65Worktogetherwithyourpartnertoanswerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetextyou’vejustread.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking1.Thewriterclaimsinthefirstparagraphthat,“manypeoplefindthatenduringsuchaharrowingordealultimatelychangesthemforthebetter.”Inwhichsensedoesshemeanbysaying“tochangeforthebetter”,physicallyormentally?2.Inthesecondparagraph,thewriterbelievesin“abuilt-incapacitytoflourishunderthemostdifficultcircumstances.”Doyouagreewithher?Provideexamplestoelaborateyouropinion.3.Doyouagreewiththestatement“Whatdoesn’tkillyouactuallymakesyoustronger”?Whyorwhynot?24/65Discussingroupsthefollowingquestions.1.Haveyouhadtheexperienceofgoingthroughaverydifficultsituationandcomingoutasabetterperson?Ordoyouknowsomeonewhohasexperiencedthis?2.Unlikethosewhoaresounfortunatetohavebeenstruckbydiseasesorwhohavebeenforcedtogothroughextremedifficultiesinlife,somepeoplechoosetovoluntarilytakeadventuresorchallenges,likeextremesports,topushthemselvestolimits.Whydothesepeopledosoandwhatcantheyobtainfromtheseexperiences?ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking25/651.Hurricanes,housefires,cancer,whitewaterraftingaccidents,planecrashes,viciousattacksindarkalleyways.(para.1)ReadingFocus

–

LanguagePoint

hurricane:astormthathasverystrongfastwindsandthatmovesoverwater颶風

e.g.

Adrenchingrainpoureddownandtherisinghurricanedroveitinsheetsalongtheground.similarterms:typhoon/monsoon季風/tradewind信風26/65vicious:violentandcruelinawaythathurtssomeonephysically惡毒

e.g.aviciousmurderaviciouskiller

2)veryunkindinawaythatisintendedtohurtsomeone‘sfeelingsormaketheircharacterseembad,有惡意

e.g.Shewasshockedbythevicioustoneinhisvoice.

similarwords:malicious,evil,violent,savage殘暴成性,cruel,ferocious殘忍,fierce兇猛ReadingFocus

–

LanguagePoint

27/652.Thereseemstobeabuilt-inhumancapacitytoflourishunderthemostdifficultcircumstances.(para.2)ReadingFocus

–

LanguagePoint

flourish:developwellandbesuccessful

e.g.Theeconomyisboomingandsmallbusinesses

areflourishing.

thrive:e.g.Childrenthrivewhengivenplentyofloveandattention.28/653.Thisfledglingfieldhasalreadyprovedthetruthofwhatoncepassedasbromide:……

(Para.3)

fledgling:afledglingstateororganizationhasonlyrecentlybeenformedandisstilldeveloping

e.g.

Nursedthefledglingbusinessthroughaneconomicdownturn.ReadingFocus

–

LanguagePoint

29/654.Thosewhoweatheradversitywellarelivingproofoftheparadoxesofhappiness.(para.4)ReadingFocus

–

LanguagePoint

paradoxes:aperson,thingorsituationthathastwooppositefeaturesandthereforeseemsstrange

e.g.

Hewasaparadox-aloner獨來獨往任wholovedtochattostrangers.Theparadoxisthatfishermenwouldcatchmorefishiftheyfishedless.

30/655.Butthatfeelingoftransformationisinsomewaystypical,……(papa.11)ReadingFocus

–

LanguagePoint

transform:

tocompletelychangetheappearance,form,orcharacterofsomethingorsomeone,especiallyinawaythatimprovesit

e.g.

Themovietransformedheralmostovernightfromanunknownschoolgirlintoamegastar超級巨星. Afterthreeweekswenoticedatotal

transformationinhisbehavior.31/656.Inthatmoment,oursenseofinvulnerabilityispierced,andtheself-protectivementalarmorthatnormallystandsbetweenusandourperceptionsoftheworldistornaway.(para.12)

ReadingFocus

–

LanguagePoint

翻譯：在事情發(fā)生那一瞬間，我們安全感被沖破了，平時處于我們與我們對世界種種看法之間自我保護精神盔甲被剝離了。

32/65Key1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8-Task1Readthewordsandtheirexplanationsinthebox.Chooseawordtocompleteeachofthesentencesbelowandexplainitsmeaning.Changetheformifnecessary.(P14)provincesb.wokea.hauntb.troublea.weathersd.wakeb.coinedc.troubleb.ReadingFocus

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VocabularyinAction

33/65Key9- 10- 11- 12- 13- 14- 15- 16- 17- 18- 19- 20-weatherc.provincec.coina.valuea.hauntsa.has

promiseda.troublec.coinb.ReadingFocus

–

VocabularyinAction

promised.valuesc.refrainb.valuede.34/65Task2The___________atmosphereoftheinnallowsgueststofeeltotallyathome.2.Technologicaladvancesmight___________leadtoevenmorejoblosses.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatephrasefromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.

(P15)tranquilultimatelyadversityordealanticipatedrasticsuicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancelout ultimatelyReadingFocus

–

VocabularyinAction

35/653.Inthe_____________oftheshootings,therewerecallsfortightercontrolsongunownership.4.Herkindnessandgenerosity_____________heroccasionalflashesoftemper.5.Hewasbeginningtowonderifhewouldsurvivethe_____________.6.Foreignfoodaidhasledtoa_____________reductioninthenumbersofpeopledyingofstarvation.aftermathcancel

outordealdrasticReadingFocus

–

VocabularyinAction

adversityordealanticipatedrasticsuicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancelout ultimately36/657.Perhapshermostimportant____________washerprogramofeducationalreform.8.Therewerefoodshortagesandother____________

duringtheCivilWar.9.Theneweconomicpoliciescouldprove____________

fortheparty.10.Thebuildingwillbecompletedaroundsixmonthsearlierthan____________

.legacydeprivationssuicidalanticipatedReadingFocus

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VocabularyinAction

adversityordealanticipatedrasticsuicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancelout ultimately37/6511.Theexperiencewasenoughtokeephim___________forsometime.12.Theroadtohappinessispavedwith___________

.13.She___________

tonothingnolessthanthechairmanshipofthecompany.14.Hemightbeinfluencedby___________

forthesurroundingsofhishappyyouth.15.In___________

,IwishthatIhadthoughtaboutalternativecoursesofaction.preoccupiedadversitiesaspiresnostalgiaReadingFocus

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VocabularyinAction

adversityordealanticipatedrasticsuicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancelout ultimatelyretrospect38/65Task3CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish.Trytousetheexpressionsyouhavelearnedfromthetext.(p.17)1.Watchingyourbabybeingbornis___________________________(極其令人興奮經(jīng)歷).2.Thereis__________________________(內(nèi)置儲備空間)inallbedrooms.3.Thishandoutfocuseson___________________________(自我保護辦法)underdifficultclimaticconditions.amind-blowingexperiencebuilt-in

storage

spaceself-protection

measuresReadingFocus

–

VocabularyinAction

39/654.I’msurewecouldofferyousome__________________________(短期工作).5.So,howisitthatweall,oratleastmanyofus,havesucha________________________(歪曲、否定自我觀念)?6.HelenHuntstarsasacharacterundergoing_____________________(改變了生活事件)inThenSheFoundMe.7.Shehaswrittenabookthatisbeautifulbecauseofthehonestyandtherawemotionthatisportrayedin______________________(無所不包細節(jié)).8.Havingadecentjobcontributesto_____________________(一個好自我形象).short-termemploymentdistorted

and

negative

self-perceptionlife-changing

eventsReadingFocus

–

VocabularyinAction

all-encompassing

detailsa

good

self-image40/65PracticalTranslation41/65語篇（discourse）是在交際功效上相對完整和獨立一個語言片斷。為了進行有效交際活動，語篇應銜接（cohesion）得當，連貫性（coherence）好。銜接伎倆（cohesivedevice）是一個謀篇伎倆，是生成語篇主要條件之一，也是譯者在翻譯過程中首先要考慮問題，因為它直接關系到譯文質(zhì)量。銜接自然譯文讀起來通順、流暢、連貫；缺乏銜接或銜接不妥譯文艱澀難懂，影響閱讀，也影響交際功效實現(xiàn)。語篇層次翻譯——銜接42/65從語篇層面上說，英漢兩種語言在形合（hypotaxis）和意合（parataxis）方面差異。因為英漢兩種語言邏輯思維不一樣，英語重“形合”，句子內(nèi)部連接或句子間連接采取顯性語言伎倆來實現(xiàn)，主要是經(jīng)過各種語法伎倆和詞匯伎倆，以表示其結構和邏輯關系。所以，英語中長句多。漢語重“意合”，句中各成份之間或句子之間結合少用甚至不用形式銜接伎倆，主要靠句子內(nèi)部隱性邏輯聯(lián)絡，重視邏輯事理次序以及意義和主旨上銜接和連貫。所以，漢語中短句多，短句間邏輯關系靠意義來表示，語法處于次要地位。在翻譯過程中，要切記英漢兩種語言在形合和意合

上差異，注意形合和意合之間轉(zhuǎn)換

和調(diào)整。43/65Ihadsoworkeduponmyimaginationasreallytobelievethataboutthewholemansionanddomaintherehunganatmospherepeculiartothemselvesandtheirimmediatevicinity—anatmospherewhichhadnoaffinitywiththeairofheaven,butwhichhadreekedupfromthedecayedtrees,andthegreywall,andthesilenttarn—apestilentandmysticvapor,dull,sluggish,faintlydiscernible,andleaden-hued.(EdgarAllanPoe:“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”)譯文：我如此沉湎于自己想象，以至于我實實在在地認為那宅院及其周圍懸浮著一個它們所特有空氣。那種空氣并非生發(fā)于天地自然，而是生發(fā)于那些枯樹殘枝、灰墻暗壁，生發(fā)于那一汪死氣沉沉湖水。那是一個神秘而致命霧靄，陰晦，凝滯，朦朧，沉濁如鉛。（曹明倫譯）44/65

解析：這個例句選自美國作家愛倫·

坡小說名篇《厄舍府之坍毀》。整段話其實只有一個完整句子，共70個字，它不但經(jīng)過多個消極、艱澀、陰暗形容詞，如：decayed,grey,silent,pestilent,mystic,dull,sluggish,leaden-hued來營造一個凄涼、蕭瑟自然氣氛和壓抑、沉悶心理氣氛，而且經(jīng)過一個經(jīng)典“形合”長句來襯托這種乏味、陰晦自然氣氛和心理氣氛。這個“形合”長句主要采取各種語法伎倆（如并列句、狀語從句、同位語從句、定語從句）以及詞匯伎倆（如詞匯atmosphere重復）等來表示其結構關系，并進行有機銜接。在翻譯過程中，原語中“顯性語法和詞匯伎倆”不能完全照搬到目口號中，也就是說，不能用帶有各種成份長句來處理這個句子，不然整個漢語句子就會顯得拖沓、冗長。所以在正確了解原文內(nèi)容、搞清原文內(nèi)在結構基礎上，用三個分句來處理這個長句。分句之間即使也利用了一定詞匯和語法伎倆，如重復“空氣”一詞和利用并列結構“生發(fā)于……，生發(fā)于……”，分句之間銜接主要還是靠意義和邏輯關系連接，先是講我想象內(nèi)容，然后講想象內(nèi)容“空氣”和周圍環(huán)境關系，最終講這種空氣實質(zhì)。三個分句環(huán)環(huán)相扣，層層展開，假如缺乏了分句中意義和邏輯關系銜接，整個句子就無法成為一個有機而連貫漢語句子。45/652)Shehadaverythinfacelikethedialofasmallclockseenfaintlyinadarkroominthemiddleofanightwhenyouwakentoseethetimeandseetheclocktellingyouthehourandtheminuteandthesecond,withawhitesilenceandaglowing,allcertaintyandknowingwhatithastotellofthenightpassingswiftlyontowardfurtherdarknessbutmovingalsotowardanewsun.(RayDouglasBradbury:Fahrenheit451)譯文：（她）容貌那么清秀，就像午夜里醒來時在黑暗中隱約可見小小鐘面，匯報時刻鐘面。它皎潔而平靜，深知時間在飛馳，深信黑暗即使越來越深沉，卻也越來越靠近新生太陽。（苗懷新譯）46/65解析：這個例句選自美國作家布拉德伯利著名反烏托邦小說《華氏451度》。整段話共80個字，是一個完整而經(jīng)典“形合”句，主要是采取各種語法伎倆（如被動句、定語從句、賓語從句、并列句）以及利用修辭手法來進行有機銜接，使原文一氣呵成。在翻譯過程中，在正確了解原文內(nèi)容、理清原文內(nèi)在結構，原語中“顯性語法和詞匯伎倆”，除了兩組重復詞（“鐘面”、“深知”和“深信”）以及前后指代（“鐘面”和“它”）外，大部分都被隱去，取而代之是漢語中意義和邏輯上銜接和連貫。譯文充分利用漢語短句形式，按照原文邏輯次序，把整個句子切分成兩個單句、七個部分。每個部分間層層相連，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，讀起來有讀原文那種一氣呵成感覺。假如脫離了漢語句子間意義和邏輯銜接，整個句子將支離破碎、讀起來拗口、別扭。47/651.I’vebeensparedalot,oneoftheblessedoftheearth,atleastoneofitslucky,thatprivilegedhandfulofthedramaticallyprospering,thesortwhosesecretsareasked,likethehundred-year-oldman.2.AndsoFranklinRooseveltfoundthathehad,ineffect,torecruitanentirelynewandtemporarygovernmenttobepiledontopoftheoldone,thenewgovernmenttogetthetanksandairplanesbuilt,theuniformsmade,themenandwomenassembledandtrainedandshippedabroad,andthebattlesfoughtandwon.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.48/651.我一直活得無憂無慮，深得上帝垂愛，最少算個幸運兒，少數(shù)人才享受尊榮富貴，我垂手得之。就像百歲人瑞總有些人討教，我秘訣也總有些人探詢。2.富蘭克林·

羅斯福所以意識到他必須招募新班人馬，組建暫時機構來補強不能勝任舊政府。新成立政府機構專門負責建造坦克飛機，定制軍服，招募培訓戰(zhàn)士。這些戰(zhàn)士將被派往前線，去贏得一場場戰(zhàn)爭。TranslationforReference:49/65PersonalLettersFocusedWriting50/65Apersonalletterisaletterwhichprovidescommunicationbetweenasmallnumberofpeople,usuallytwo.Therearemanytypesofpersonallettersandtheyarewrittenforawidevarietyofreasons,forexample:FocusedWriting—

WritingSkill*obtaininginformationfromanindividualorabusiness;*tellingsomebodyaboutthemselves,forexample,penpals;*sendinganindividualorabusinessasocialnote,suchasa thank-youorcongratulations;*contactinganacquaintance,afriendorfamilymember,forexample,toexchangeinformation.51/65TheFormatofaLetterIngeneral,aletter,beitpersonalorformal,iscomprisedofthesameparts.Let’stakealookatthefollowingspecimenformatofapersonalletter.

FocusedWriting—

WritingSkill52/65FocusedWriting—

WritingSkillSender’saddressDateSalutationBodyoftheletterComplimentarycloseNameorSignature53/65TheaddressofthesenderThesender’saddressiswrittenonthetopright-handcornerofthepage.Rememberthattheaddressofthereceiver,whichisoftenreferredtoasthereceiver’soraddressee’saddress,isnotappropriateinapersonalletter.FocusedWriting—

WritingSkill54/65ThedateThedateiswrittenbelowthesender’saddresswithablanklineinbetween.Inthemonth-day-yearsystem,popularintheUnitedStates,acommaisusedbetweenthedayandtheyear,asinSeptember10,whereasBritishpeopletendtoadopttheday-month-yearmode,asin10thSeptemberor10-9-.FocusedWriting—

WritingSkill55/65ThesalutationThesalutationalwaysappearsattheleft-handsideofthepage.Thecustomary“Dear”isusedalongwiththerecipient’sfirstname,ifappropriate.FocusedWriting—

WritingSkill56/65ThebodyoftheletterItisthemostimportantpart,conveyinginformationtotherecipientoftheletter.Personallettersareusually“newsy”(信息豐富)andarewritteninachattyorconversationalstyleinmostcases.Thus,suchcontractionslike“I’ll”or“doesn’t”,incompletesentenceslike“Wonderfulnews!”andcolloquialexpressionsareacceptable.FocusedWriting—

WritingSkill57/65ThecomplimentarycloseItcanbeplacedeitherontheright-handorleft-handsidebelowthebodyoftheletter.Themostcommonformsofclosingapersonalletterare“Yourssincerely”or“Kindregards”.Someotherclosingphrases,suchas“Yoursaffectionately”and“Love”canalsobeusedwhereappropriateasamarkofintimacy.FocusedWriting—

WritingSkill58/65Thenameorsignature

Itisplaceddirectlybelow