Unit4ARedLightforScofflaws市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1Unit4

ARedLightforScofflaws

1/59I.LearningobjectivesHaveanideaofthevarietyofscofflawsandthedangerstheymaycause.Understandtheimportanceofevidenceinexpositorywriting.22/59ChineseStyleofCrossingRoads“crossingtheroadswithouttakingtrafficlightsintoconsideration,aslongasyouarepartofacrowd.”3/594/59scribblingonthewalls/spitting5/59overload

6/59Crossingstreetwithoutwalkingonpestrianpavement

runningredlight7/59Litterbug

crossingtrafficfence8/59II.Warm-upquestionsLookuptheword“scofflaw”inadictionary,andnamesomekindsofscofflaws.Haveyoueverbeenascofflawinasense?Doyouknowanyacquaintanceofyourswhohasbeenascofflaw?Tellusastory.99/59Scofflaw

isanouncoinedduringtheProhibitiontimemeaningapersonwhodrinksillegally.Itisacompoundofthewordsscoffandlaw,meaningonewhomocksorridiculesthelaw.Themeaninghassincebeenextendedtodescribeonewhofloutsanylaw,especiallythosewhicharedifficulttoenforce,andparticularlytrafficlaws.10/59III.OrganizationanddevelopmentofthetextPara.1introductoryparagraph:MillionsofAmericansaretakingincreasinglibertieswiththelegalcodes.Para.2Scofflawsaboundinamazingvariety.Para.3Thedangersofscofflawryvarywidely.Para.4Themostflagrantscofflawisthered-lightrunner.Para.5Thefloutingofbasicrulesoftheroadleavesdeepdentsinthesocialmood.Para.6Scofflawsareasymptomofelementarysocialdemoralization.Para.7Theprospectofthecollapseofpublicmannersisnotmerelyamatterofetiquette.Para.8ScofflawryatvariouslevelsofsociallifewasbynomeansalessseriousmenacetothefoundationoflawoftheUSthanviolentcrimes.Para.9Thescofflawspiritisdangerouslyinfectious;somethingmustbedonetocheckitsspread.1111/59Part1Para1.Problem:MillionsofAmericansarebreakingthelegalcodes.12/5913Languagepointstakelibertieswith:behaveinaboldorimpolitewaytowardsShewouldneverhavetakenalibertywithanyone.Hewasnotthesortofmanwithwhomonetookliberties.supposedly:allegedlyarobotsupposedlycapableofunderstandingspokencommandsasupposedlyinferiorformoflifesuchasthereptile13/5914Languagepointsethic:ideaormoralbeliefthatinfluencesthebehavior,attitudes,andphilosophyoflifeofagroupofpeople(=principle)theAmerican“frontierethicofexpansionandopportunity”theProtestantworkethicethics:moralbeliefsandrulesaboutrightandwrongaconscious,rational,scientificcodeofethicsthebasicethicswhichanyreligionsetsforward14/5915Languagepointsderelictions:deliberateneglect;negligenceamatterofcourse:Ifsth.isdoneasamatterofcourse,itisdoneaspartofanormalsituationandisnotregardedasunusualorexceptional.(=automatically)Thefatherdoeshisshareofthehouseworkasamatterofcoursewhenathome.15/59

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to:1)tobepleasedbyorattractedto;2)begintodosth.asaregularhabitThedogseldomtakestostrangers.HismannerwassotakingthatItooktohimatonce.Afterafewyearsheabandonedjournalismandtooktowritingnovels.I’msorrytohearthathehastakentodrink.RecentlyIhavetakentogettingupearlierinthemorning.16/59法律和秩序是美國歷史上連續(xù)時(shí)間最長、也可能是政治上最熱門話題。然而，顯然令人煩惱是，數(shù)以百萬計(jì)美國人盡管從沒有認(rèn)為自己會違反法律，更不用說會成為罪犯了，卻正在越來越隨便地對待那些專為保護(hù)與造福他們社會所制訂法規(guī)。當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)今確實(shí)有些時(shí)候似乎無視法律代表了未來時(shí)尚。哈佛大學(xué)社會學(xué)家大衛(wèi)·萊斯曼懷疑，大多數(shù)美國人喜歡犯那種他們認(rèn)為是無關(guān)緊要玩忽職守錯(cuò)誤。萊斯曼說，美國社會倫理道德已經(jīng)處于這么危險(xiǎn)之中：即，“假如你遵紀(jì)遵法，你就是個(gè)傻瓜”。17/59Para2Howmanyscofflawsarementionedhereandwhatarethey?18/59abound:v.toexistinlargenumberorgreatquantityaboundin/aboundwith:tohaveinlargefrontsorgreatquantity1)Thelandaboundsinspringsandstreamsofwater.2)Thejungleaboundswithsnakes.3)Thebookaboundsinprintingmistakes.19/5920Languagepointsexemptfrom:notaffectedorboundby(=excused)Thesehousesareexemptfrompayingrates.convert:changeintoadifferentform(=transform)Asolarcelltakesradiationfromthesunandconvertsitintoelectricity.Energyisconvertedfromoneformtoanother.20/5921Languagepointsflurry:asmallamount(asofsnoworwind)thatsuddenlyappearsforashorttimeandmovesinarushed,swirlingway(=whirl)Snowflurrieshadbeenpredicted.Theirfrontrunnerscollided,sendingupaflurryofsparks.21/59ordinance:(formal)officialruleororder;regulationIn1972thecitypassedanordinancecompellingalloutdoorlightingtobeswitchedoffat9:00p.m.22/5923Languagepointsplague:v.keephappeningandcauseagreatdealoftrouble,difficulty,orsufferingThesystemisstillplaguedbytechnicalfaults.Hesufferedseverebackinjuries,whichplaguehimtothisday.Idon’tknowwhywehavebeenplaguedwithsuchillluck.23/59duckoutof:avoiddoing,esp.bymakinganexcuse(=backout)Itwastoolatetoduckoutofgoingwiththem.24/5925Languagepointsfester:(adifficultorunpleasantsituation,feeling,orthought)growworseandbecharacterizedbyincreasingbitterness,anger,andhatred.Hismemoriesfesteredintohate.anangerthatmustfindoutletorfesterinwardlyhazardous:dangerous,esp.topeople’shealthorsafety25/59支持萊斯曼觀點(diǎn)證據(jù)是再顯著不過。違法亂紀(jì)者屢見不鮮、無奇不有，到達(dá)了驚人程度。墻上亂涂亂畫把公共場所外觀糟塌得不堪人目。騎自行車人橫沖直闖，似乎兩個(gè)車輪交通工具能夠不受任何交通法規(guī)束縛。亂丟垃圾人把他們生活區(qū)域變成了垃圾場。正如以前法令未能掃除危害公園滿身酒氣流氓阿飛一樣，廣泛宣傳法規(guī)也未能消除公共場所高分貝便攜式收音機(jī)。吸煙成癮人們對“不準(zhǔn)吸煙”通告牌熟視無睹。衣冠楚楚吸大麻人再也不像從前那樣躲開公眾視線偷偷摸摸地傳遞帶大麻香煙了。在中上層人士中毫無顧忌地使用可卡因已成為令人煩惱丑聞。而且，(好家伙，人數(shù)真不少啊!)還有隨意橫穿馬路人呢。26/59違法行為危害差異極大。在人行道上隨地吐痰當(dāng)然令人厭惡，不過很顯著，比起那些違法地在未經(jīng)許可地域掩埋危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)廢料企業(yè)對他人造成危害要小得多。忽略防火安全法規(guī)房主對人生命危害當(dāng)然要比在地鐵逃票人大得多。然而，最直接和最引人注目標(biāo)違法行為恰恰就是最常見一個(gè)社會現(xiàn)象。首當(dāng)其沖者就是美國司機(jī)們。今天，他們無法無天行為給公眾造成了極大災(zāi)難。其危害現(xiàn)有日常多見造成城市街道堵塞并排違章停車，也有司機(jī)酒后開車造成每年死亡大約25,000人，傷殘最少650,000人。那么高速公路上違章超速行駛呢？最新調(diào)查顯示，在一些州際公路上83%司機(jī)現(xiàn)在根本無視聯(lián)邦法定每小時(shí)55英里時(shí)速限制。27/5928Languagepointsflout:deliberatelydisobeyordonotfollow(alaw,anorder,oranacceptedwayofbehaving)(=disregard)Bepreparedtofloutconvention.Ourrulersknownowthatwe’repreparedtoflouttheirlawsifforced.28/59wane:(acondition,attitude,emotion,etc.)becomeweakerorsmaller,oftendisappearingcompeletelyintheend(=lessen,fade)HerenthusiasmforHaroldwasbeginningtowane.Thebondoffriendshiphasnotwanedbuthassurvivedthepassageoftime.

beonthewane:diminishing29/59全部違章行為中最厚顏無恥要數(shù)闖紅燈了。在波士頓，人們對這種停頓通行信號藐視已經(jīng)到了這么程度，以至在當(dāng)?shù)厝酥芯谷涣鱾髦@種笑話：一名出租汽車司機(jī)竟然堅(jiān)持說，紅燈信號僅僅起裝飾作用。禁止通行紅燈控制交通效力在各地都在減弱。在洛杉磯，闖紅燈似乎已經(jīng)成為最常見違反交通法規(guī)行為。在紐約，過十字路口就像俄國輪盤賭一樣。警察局長羅伯特·杰·麥克蓋爾認(rèn)可，“現(xiàn)在人們在紅燈面前是否停下來是50%對50%拋硬幣概率。”同時(shí)，他自己屬下警察們也大都對這種違章行為熟視無睹。30/5931Languagepointsmakeadentin:reduceconsiderably;damageTheoperationhadmadeamajordentinthetradeofprotectedwildlife.dentWhatdoestheauthormeanbythemetaphor“makeadent”here?31/59brazen:shamelessabrazenaccusation

brazenly:Noindustryismorebrazenlyorientedtowardsquick,easyprofits.32/5933Languagepointsprospect:possibility,chance,likelihoodTherewaslittleprospectofsignificantmilitaryaid.Theprospectsforrevolutionareremote.

someone’sprospects:theirchancesofbeingsuccessfulintheircareer,esp.bybeingpromotedquicklytoahighpositioninanorganizationItriedtogivearosypictureofhisprospects.Successorfailureherewouldbecrucialtohisfutureprospects.33/59foretaste:n.sampleTheepisodewasaforetasteofthebitterstrugglethatwastocome.34/5935Languagepointsstereotype:afixedgeneralimage,characteristic,etcthatalotofpeoplebelievetorepresentaparticulartypeofpersonorthingThesongperpetuatestworaciststereotypes.stereotypicaladj.35/59skirt:avoid(adifficultsubjectthatoughttobedealtwith)AsIwalkedthroughthelobby,Ihadtoskirtagroupofladies.Cometothemainissue,anddon’tskirtaroundit.36/5937Languagepointsundermine:maketheauthoritylesssecure,oftenbyindirectmethods漸漸破壞Manyofthemsoughttounderminehisposition.Thelandownersresentedgovernmentmeasureswhichunderminedtheirauthority.37/59mandate:授權(quán)；命令；指令1)theauthoritythatagovernmenthastocarryoutparticularpoliciesasaresultofwinninganelection.2)(formal)aparticulartaskthatsb.isinstructedtocarryout;ajobPeter’smandatewastofindthebestavailableinvestment.38/5939Languagepointssubvert:destroythepowerandinfluence;undermine顛覆；推翻；破壞Conflictanddivisionsubvertthefoundationsofsociety.Thebestintentionscanbesubvertedbyanoverpoweringcommercialatmosphere.39/59comply:conformwithNewvehiclesmustcomplywithcertainstandards.Ifyouwanttorunaplaygroupyoumustcomplywiththeconditionslaiddownbytheauthorities.compliance:(formal)willingnesstodowhatisrequired;agreement(+with)Therearewaysofensuringcompliance.40/5941Languagepointsnullify:makeineffective;cancelout;invalidateThishadtheeffectofnullifyingouroriginaladvantage.Thewholeteam’seffectivenesscanbenullified.Eachstatehadtherighttonullifythefederalgovernment’slaw.41/59disquiet:n.&v.afeelingofworryoranxiety(=uneasiness)disquieting:disturbing;upsettingThespeaker’sdisquietingwordsmadetheaudienceshudder.

42/5943Languagepointsunwittingly:unintentionally不知情地；不知不覺地；無意地Ihadtobegratefultoherforhaving,howeverunwittingly,savedmylife.43/59terminally:fatallyahospice(收容所）fortheterminallyillterminalpatient重危病人terminalcancer晚期癌癥44/59V.ParaphraseThepersonwhoillegallyspitsonthesidewalkremainsdisgusting,butclearlyposeslessrisktoothersthanthecompanythatillegallyburieshazardouschemicalwasteinanunauthorizedlocation.4545/59Spittingonthesidewalkisagainstthelawandisalwaysdespicable.Buttheharmitdoestoothersseemsinsignificantwhencomparedwiththedangeracompanycausesbydisposingofpoisonouschemicalwasteinaplacewhereitisnotpermitted.46/59Red-lightrunninghasalwaysbeenrankedasaminorwrong,andsoitmaybeinindividualinstances.Whentheviolationbecomeshabitual,widespreadandincessant,however,agreatdealmorethanatrafficmanagementproblemisinvolved.

Drivingthroughtheintersectionofastreetwithnoregardtotheredtrafficlightisgenerallyconsideredasmisbehavioroflittleimportance.Butwhenitdevelopsintoasocialhabit,itbecomesaproblemagreatdealmoreseriousthanameretrafficproblem.47/59Foralltheirdifferences,today’sscofflawsareofapieceasasymptomofelementarysocialdemoralization—thelossbyindividualsofthecapacitytogoverntheirownbehaviorintheinterestofothers.

48/59Howeverdifferentinforms,today’sscofflawsareanindicationthatthesocietyhasbasicallybeendegradedmorally.Itsmembersseemtohavelosttheirabilitytodisciplinethemselvesinsuchawaythattheinterestsofothershavebeendulytakencareof.49/59Innocentdriversandpedestrianspayarepetitiouspriceinfrustration,inconvenienceandoutrage,nottomentionajustifiedsenseofmortalperil.Thesignificanceofred-lightrunningismagnifiedbyitshighvisibility.50Well-behaveddriversandpedestriansareconstantlyupsetandthreatenedbyperilfromviolations.Thegreatimpactofred-lightrunningisduetoitsbeingsonoticeable.50/59Themostdisquietingthingaboutthescofflawspiritisitsextremeinfectiousness.Onlyaterminallyfoolishsocietywouldsitstillandallowittospreadindefinitely.Therapidspreadofscofflawryisitsmostdisturbingcharacteristic.Onlyatotallyirrationalsocietycouldevertolerateitsuncheckedgrowth.5151/59VI.ClassroomdiscussionInwhatsense,accordingtoTrippet,isred-lightrunningamoreseriousbreachofsocialorderthanotherlawbreakingactions?DoyouagreewithTrippetthattoday’sscofflaws,foralltheirdifferences,areofapieceasasymptomofelementarysocialdemoralizatio