掌握句子成分與解析 高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

掌握句子成分與解析句子成分與詞匯詞性單詞多詞性，如何判斷和應(yīng)用？Forexampleface/fe?s/

n.臉，面部；面部表情，臉色；人；初看，初聽；尊嚴(yán)，威信；面貌；（物體的）正面，表面；斜坡，山坡；鐘面，表盤；采掘面，工作面；（球拍的）拍面；（尤指足球的）球門v.面臨，遭遇；正視，面對；與……交往，與……交談；面向，面朝；迎戰(zhàn)，對陣；抹蓋，覆蓋；接受，容忍What’sthemeaningoftheword“face”?Hisfaceisgood-looking.主subject系動詞link-verb表語predicative此句中face什么詞性？noun，名詞Thegardenfacessouth.主語subject謂語predicate狀語adverbialYouwillfaceyourfuture.Subject主語Predicate謂語Object賓語這兩個句子中的face是什么詞性？Verb,動詞Youwillfaceafactthatyourfacehasbeenold.同一單詞以不同詞性出現(xiàn)在同一句子中。you主語subject;willface謂語predicateafact賓語objectthatyourfacehasbeenold同位語從句Yourfacehasbeenold主系表1.1成分與詞性句子成分意義對應(yīng)的實詞核心成分主語動作的發(fā)出者n.num.謂語動作或狀態(tài)vi,vt賓語動作的承受者n.num.表語跟在系動詞之后n.num.a.

ad.修飾成分定語修飾名詞a.狀語修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或句子ad.賓補(bǔ)對賓語補(bǔ)充說明n.a.ad.prep-phrases,v-ing,v-ed同位語對其它名詞的說明n.

詞性（partofspeech）詞匯按照其本身含義可以分為10大類：動名形副數(shù)，代冠連介嘆。前六種屬于實詞；后四種屬于虛詞。Somewordscanbeconsideredmorethanonepartofspeech,dependingoncontextandusage.Interjectionscanformcompletesentencesontheirown.1.2句子成分解析實戰(zhàn)解析句子成分的三大步驟：1.找出句子中的謂語動詞，判斷句子是主謂或主系結(jié)構(gòu)(被動語態(tài)中的be動詞要注意)2.確定動作的發(fā)出者和承受者3.根據(jù)句子含義標(biāo)出其它成分1.找出句子中的謂語動詞動詞類型意義范例實意動詞ActionVerbs表動作，分為不及物動詞vi和及物動詞vt例詞：do,have,run,take,drive----runvi.跑步vt.經(jīng)營例句：Iruneveryday.Irunacompany.連系動詞LinkingVerbs表狀態(tài)，不表示動作，含義不完全，后面必須接形容詞或名詞等。如何判斷是否為系動詞？邏輯上可以接形容詞的動詞就可以視為系動詞例詞：be,become,

seem,prove,turnout----例句：Theballisred.Thechildrenaresmart.Hebecomesstrong.Thatsoundsgood.Theylookawesome.類型意義范例助動詞auxiliaryverbs,

helperverbsorhelpingverbs,

無意義，通過自身的變形來表達(dá)時態(tài)，否定，強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動或主動，疑問等。Auxiliaryverbsareatypeof

verb

thattakesasupportiveroleinasentence,secondtothemainverb.They’reusedmainlytocreatecomplexgrammatical

tenses,emphasis,voice,andmoodetc.例詞：be,

do,willand

have

例句：I

am

goingtothezoo.

I

did

not

want

togohome.

Youlikethebook,

don’tyou?

I

do

likethebook![actionverb]

I

did

myhomeworkalready.

[auxiliaryverb]

I

did

not

want

togohome.

[actionverb]

I

have

aselfiewithNeildeGrasseTyson.[auxiliaryverb]

I

have

waited

alongtimeforthis.

類型意義范例情態(tài)動詞ModalverbsYoucanusemodalverbstoexpressdifferentmeaningsofthemainverb,suchasshowingpossibility(“It

might

rain”),ability(“It

can

rain”),necessity(“It

must

rain”),orsuggestion(“It

should

rain”).Moreover,themodalverb

will

isnecessarytoexpressallfuturetenses(“It

will

rain”).含義不完全，需和實意動詞actionverbs一起構(gòu)成謂語。例詞：can,may,must,will,haveto,oughtto,dare,etc.例句：Icandoit.主謂賓Jorgen

skates

backwards.

Jorgen

can

skate

backwards.

I

may

deletethislater.

She

may

deletethislater.

I

have

deletedthisalready.

She

has

deletedthisalready.

be,will,have,do后面接其它動詞，則為助動詞六大基本句型1.主語---謂語（不及物動詞vi.）Lovedied.2.主語---謂語---賓語（及物動詞vt.）Ilovedher.3.主語---謂語---賓語---賓補(bǔ)Lovemadeushappy.4.主語---謂語---間接賓語---直接賓語Lovegaveushappiness.5.