三字經(jīng)英文版-趙彥春

三字經(jīng)英韻（前）

漢英對照·注解·完整版

人之初，性本善。性相近，習(xí)相遠。

Man

onearth,Goodatbirth.The

same

natureVarieson

nurture.

人在太初或剛出生時其本性都是善良的；由于后天成長環(huán)境、教育背景不一樣，性情也就有了各種各樣的差別。

Man

was

good

in

the

beginning,

or

he

is

good

at

birth.

Human

nature

deviates

due

to

different

nurtures.

茍不教，性乃遷。教之道，貴以專。With

no

education,There'd

be

aberration.To

teach

well,You

deeply

dwell.

對孩子如果不進行適當(dāng)?shù)慕逃?，其本性就會發(fā)生變化。說到教育，最關(guān)鍵的問題就是要專心一致，精講要義而不厭其煩。

If

a

child

is

not

properly

taught,

he

may

go

astray.

In

education,

what

is

important

is

to

be

focused,

dwelling

on

key

points.

昔孟母，擇鄰處，子不學(xué)，斷機杼。

Then

Mencius'

motherChose

her

neighbor.AtMencius

sloth,Shecut

th'cloth.

戰(zhàn)國時期，孟子的母親為了使孟子有個良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境曾經(jīng)三次搬家。有一次孟子逃學(xué)，孟母就割斷織機的布來表明事情的嚴重性和中斷學(xué)習(xí)的后果。

In

the

Warring

State

period,

Mencius'

mother

moved

three

times

for

better

environment

for

her

son.

Mencius

once

played

truant,

and

she

cut

the

cloth

she

was

weaving

to

show

her

seriousnessandtheconsequencesofinterruptedlearning.

竇燕山，有義方，教五子，名俱揚。

Dough

by

name

Fulfilled

his

aim.

His

five

sons

Became

famous

ones.

五代十國時期，有個燕山人，名叫竇禹鈞。他創(chuàng)辦私塾，延聘名師，教子有方。他的五個兒子都科舉成名，很有成就。

In

the

Five

Dynasties

and

Ten

Kingdoms

period,

there

was

a

man,

Dough

by

name,

from

the

Swallow

Hills.

He

founded

a

private

school,

hired

famous

teachers,

and

managed

well

in

having

his

children

taught.

All

his

five

sons

passed

Grand

Test

or

the

Imperial

Examinations

as

it

is

often

called,

and

lived

very

successful

lives.

養(yǎng)不教，父之過。教不嚴，師之惰。

What's

a

father?A

good

teacher.What's

a

teacher?A

strict

preacher.

養(yǎng)育兒女，僅僅供其吃穿，而不進行良好的教育，那便是做父親的過錯。教育為本，但是只教育，而不嚴格要求那就是做老師的沒有盡到職責(zé)了。

It

is

not

enough

to

provide

children

with

food

and

clothing.

Education

is

important.

To

rear

children

without

giving

them

good

education

is

a

father’s

fault;

a

teacher

is

considered

lazy

if

he

is

not

strict

with

the

children

he

teaches.

子不學(xué)，非所宜。幼不學(xué)，老何為？An

unschooled

childWill

grow

wild.

Ayoungloafer,

Anoldloser!

小孩子應(yīng)該好好學(xué)習(xí)。一個人小時候如果不好好學(xué)習(xí)，到老的時候能有什么用呢？

A

child

should

have

proper

education.

If

one

does

not

do

well,

what

will

become

of

him

when

he

is

grown

up?

玉不琢，不成器。人不學(xué)，不知義。

Nojadecrude,Shows

craftgood.Unlessyoulearn,Brute

you'll

turn.

璞玉不經(jīng)打磨，便不會成為精美的藝術(shù)品；人要是不學(xué)習(xí)，就不懂得人情禮節(jié)，也就不能有用之才。

If

jade

is

not

honed

and

carved,

it

will

not

be

a

fine

piece

of

art;

if

one

doesnot

receive

education,

he

will

not

be

a

gentleman,

and

will

not

be

something.

為人子，方少時，親師友，習(xí)禮儀。

Son

of

man,Mature

you

can.Teacherorpeer,Holdthemdear.

作為兒女，或如人子，終會長大成人。在成長過程中應(yīng)學(xué)會親近師友，當(dāng)心存感激，不要輕慢無禮，要學(xué)一些為人處事的禮節(jié)。

As

children,

you

will

grow

uplikeSonofMan.

While

young,

you

should

approach

and

requite

your

models

like

teachers

and

friends,

and

learn

good

mannersfromthem.

香九齡，能溫席。孝于親，所當(dāng)執(zhí)。

Hsiang,

at

nine,Warmed

bedding

fine,Follow

this

one,This

filial

son.

東漢時，有個叫黃香的，九歲時就懂得孝順父母，比如他冬天給父親暖熱被窩。這種行為是每個孝順父母的人都應(yīng)該實行和效仿的。

AboynamedHsiang

(Huang

Hsiang)

in

the

Eastern

Han

Dynasty

knew

how

to

show

kindness

to

his

parents

at

nine.

He

warmed

bedding

for

hisfatherinwinter.

One

should

do

like

this,

to

be

a

filial

son.

融四歲，能讓梨。弟于長，宜先知。

Aged

four

years,Rong

proffered

pears.Bear

in

mindFraternallybekind.

漢代時，孔子的后人孔融年僅四歲就知道把梨讓給哥哥吃。這種尊敬和友愛兄長的道理，是每個人從小就應(yīng)該知道的。

Andin

the

Han

Dynasty,

Rong

(Kong

Rong),Confuius'descendant,

offered

his

pears

to

his

brother

although

he

was

only

four.

Everyone

should

learn

this

kind

of

respect

for

affinity.

首孝悌，次見聞，知某數(shù)，識某文。

Stress

piety

moreThan

your

lore.Learn

some

numeracy,Know

some

literacy.

孝敬父母、愛護兄弟是首要的，其次才是知識。至于知識，大家要學(xué)點算術(shù)和語文。Piety(lovingparentsandbrothers)

is

more

important

than

knowledge.

As

for

knowledge,

one

should

learn

some

numeracy

and

literacy.

一而十，十而百，百而千，千而萬。

One

to

ten,A

hundred

then,One

thousand

more,Ten

thousand

afore.

我國采用十進位數(shù)制：一到十是基本數(shù)字，然后依次為一百、一千、一萬……以此數(shù)制可以無窮地計算下去。Decimalism

is

adopted

in

China:

one

to

ten

is

primary,

next

is

one

hundred,

then

one

thousand,

ten

thousand,

and

so

on.Allcomputationscanbedonewiththis.

三才者，天地人。三光者，日月星。

Tri-vitals,

ofworth:Man,

heaven,

earth;Tri-lights,

aboon:Sun,

stars,

moon.

大家還應(yīng)該具備一些基本的知識，比如什么叫三才？三才指的是天、地、人三個元素。什么叫三光呢？三光就是太陽、月亮、星星。

And

one

should

know

some

rudiments,

such

as

what

we

call

tri-vitals,

orthreeelements,thatis,Heaven,

Earth,

Man,

and

what

we

call

tri-lightsorthree

luminaries,

thatis,Sun,

Moon

and

Stars.

三綱者，君臣義父子親，夫婦順。

Three

tenets

always:Subject

Lord

obeys;Child

Father

reveres;Wife

Man

endears.

人與人之間關(guān)系應(yīng)該遵守的三個行為準則是什么呢？就是君王與臣子之間要合乎義理，父母子女之間要相親相愛，夫妻之間要和和美美。

What

are

the

three

tenets

one

should

always

follow?

The

king

or

emperor

should

be

obeyed

by

his

subjects,

the

father

should

be

revered

by

his

children,

and

the

man

endeared

by

his

wife.

曰春夏，曰秋冬，此四時，運不窮。

Spring

and

summer,Autumn

and

winter.These

four

seasonsCycle

with

reasons.

春、夏、秋、冬叫做四時，即一年分為四個季節(jié)。這四個季節(jié)按照一定的規(guī)律交替運行，春去夏來，秋去冬來，循環(huán)往復(fù)，以至無窮。

We

have

four

seasons:

spring,

summer,

fall,

and

winter.

They

alternate

according

to

a

certain

law,

round

by

round,

never

to

end.

曰南北，曰西東，此四方，應(yīng)乎中。

South,

north,

west,'Neast,

we

quest.These

four

waysUpon

center

gaze.

東、南、西、北，這叫作四方，是四個方向。這四個方位是相對的，必須有個中心位置才能確定各個方位。

We

have

four

ways

or

directions

called

east,

west,

south,

and

north.

These

four

ways

are

reciprocal,

determined

by

a

central

position.

曰水火，木金土，此五行，本乎數(shù)。

Water,

fire,

behold,Earth,

wood,

gold.These

five

materialsAccord

to

numerals.

所謂五行，指的是金、木、水、火、土。五行用來指稱宇宙間的各種抽象概念，可看做五大表征。五行根據(jù)一、二、三、四、五的數(shù)理，相生相克。

The

so-calledfiveelements

are

gold,

wood,

water,

fire,

and

earth.

These

represent

various

abstract

ideas

in

the

cosmos,

Thefiveelements

wemayunderstandasfiverepresentations.Theyformasystemofchecksandbalancesdepending

on

the

combination

and

function

of

the

numerals,

that

is,

one,

two,

three,

four,

and

five.

十干者，甲至癸。十二支，子至亥

。

The

Ten

TrunksAre

great

chunks.The

Twelve

WingsAre

good

things.

“十干”指“天干”的十個要素，即甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸；“十二支”指“地支”的十二個要素，即子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥?！疤旄伞迸c“地支”兩兩配對組成循環(huán)往復(fù)的“六十干支“

。TheTenTrunksorthe

Ten

Heaven

Trunks

are

Crust

(jia),

Creep

(yi),

Flame

(bing),

Strong

(ding),

Rank

(wu),

Rise

(ji),

Wait

(geng),

New

(xin),

Bear

(ren),

Rear

(gui);

The

TwelveWingsortheTwelve

Earth

Wings

are

Babe

(zi),

Sprout

(chou),

Spread

(yin),

Grow

(mao),

Mature

(chen),

Prime

(si),

Ripe

(wu),

Taste

(wei),

Grown

(shen),

Old

(you),

Sear

(xu),

End

(hai).

The

combination

of

two

elements

respectively

from

the

trunk

and

wing

systems

makes

a

recursive

Chinese

sexagenary

cycle,

also

known

as

Trunks-and-Wings,

that

is,

a

cyclic

numeral

system

of

60

combinations

of

the

Ten

Trunks

and

the

Twelve

Wings.

曰黃道，日所躔。曰赤道，當(dāng)中權(quán)。

The

Ecliptic

line,The

Zodiacal

Sign，And

the

EquatorCircling

the

center.

地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)；太陽圍著銀河系轉(zhuǎn)?！包S道”指地球圍繞太陽運行的軌道，“赤道”指地球中央那條假想的與地軸垂直的大圓圈。

The

earth

revolves

around

the

sun,

and

the

sun

revolves

around

the

Milky

Way.

The

track

of

the

revolution

of

the

earth

is

called

ecliptic,

and

the

imaginary

circle

vertical

to

the

earth's

axis

is

called

equator.

赤道下，溫暖極。我中華，在東北。

Nowhere

is

hotterThan

the

equator.China,

the

greatestLies

in

Northeast.

地球的赤道地帶，氣候特別炎熱，屬熱帶；從赤道向南向北兩個方向，氣溫逐漸變低。我們國家地處地球的東北邊。Along

the

equator,

it

is

the

hottest,andthis

isthetropicalzone.Temperature

drops

gradually

south

and

north

of

the

equator.

China

is

northeast

on

the

earth.

寒燠均，霜露改。右高原，左大海。

Temperature

fiting

you;There's

frosty

dew.Right,

plateaus

stand;Left,

seas

expand.

我國氣候冷暖勻稱，有霜期和露期。右邊是高原，左邊是大海。

China

has

a

mild

temperature,

with

frost

and

dew.

On

the

right

are

plateaus,

and

on

the

left

are

great

seas.

曰江河，曰淮濟。此四瀆，水之紀

。

Long

and

River,Clara

and

Phora.These

rivers

fourAll

along

outpour.

中國有許多河流，直接流入大海的有長江、黃河、淮河和濟水，這四條大河是中國河流的代表。

China

has

manyrivers.

The

four

representatives,

the

Long

(the

Yangtze

River),

the

River

(the

Yellow

River),

the

Level

(the

Huai

River),

and

the

Phora

(the

Ji

River)

flow

into

the

sea.

曰岱華，嵩恒衡。此五岳，山之名。

Arch,

Flora,

Tower,Scale,

and

Ever!These

high

mountainsAre

five

chieftains.

中國多山，有五大名山，總稱“五岳”，就是東岳泰山、西岳華山、中岳嵩山、南岳衡山、北岳恒山。

China

has

five

famous

representative

mountains,

called

Five

Mounts--Arch

(Mount

Tai)

in

the

east,

Flora

(Mount

Hua)

in

the

west,

Tower

(Mount

Song)

at

the

center,

Scale

(Mount

Heng)

in

the

south,

and

Ever

(Mount

Heng)

in

the

north.

曰士農(nóng)，曰工商。此四民，國之良

。

Officials

and

farmers,Merchants

and

workers,These

four

great,Maintain

the

State

中國人口眾多，為世界之最。官員、農(nóng)民、工人和商人稱為四民，這是社會重要的組成部分。

China

has

the

largest

population

in

the

world.

Officials,

farmers,

workers,

and

merchants

are

the

mainstay

of

the

society.

曰仁義，禮智信，此五常，不容紊。

Grace,justice,courtesyWisdom,andfidelityGood

order

deriveFromConstants

Five.

為人處事應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記仁、義、禮、智、信這五種不變的法則，這樣社會才能穩(wěn)定，祥和。

Everyone

should

bear

in

mind

what

we

call

ConstantsFive——grace,

trust,

decency,

wisdom,

and

honesty.

Onlytheconstantsarekept

can

the

society

be

stable

and

peaceful.

地所生，有草木。此植物，遍水陸。

Earthmakes

goodGrass

and

wood.These

plants

commandWaterand

land.

地球上有花草，有樹木，這些屬于植物，陸上水里到處都有。

There

grow

grass,

flowers,

and

trees

on

earth.

There

are

plants

everywhere

on

land

and

in

water.

有蟲魚，有鳥獸。此動物，能飛走。

Fishes

and

birds,Worms

and

herds.These

creatures

cry,Run

or

fly.

中國的動物類包括蟲、魚、鳥和獸。有的能在天空飛，有的能在陸地走，有的能在水里游。

Worms,

fishes,

birds,

and

herds

make

the

faunaofChina.

Some

can

fly

in

the

sky,

some

can

walk

over

the

land,

and

some

can

swim

in

water.

稻粱菽，麥黍稷，此六谷，人所食。

Rice,

sorghum,

beans,Wheat,

millet,

corns.These

crops

mainOur

life

sustain.

稻子、小麥、豆類、小米、玉米和高梁是中國人的主食。The

staple

foodoftheChinese

peopleis

from

such

crops

as

rice,

wheat,

beans,

corns,

millet,

and

sorghum.

馬牛羊，雞犬豕，此六畜，人所飼。

Horses,

sheep,

cows,Chickens,

dogs,

sows.These

six

breedsA

husbandmanfeeds.

在動物中有馬、牛、羊、雞、狗和豬，馴化而來，這叫六畜。Horses,cows,

sheep,

chickens,

dogs,

and

pigs

are

six

breeds

that

have

been

domesticated.

曰喜怒，曰哀懼，愛惡欲，七情具。

Say

anger,

gladness,Say

fear,

sadness,Hate,

greed,loveSeven

feelingsabove.

喜、怒、哀、懼、

愛、惡、欲，合起來叫七情。這是與生俱來的七種感情。

Anger,

happiness,

fear,

sadness,

love,

hate,

and

greed

are

seven

leading

emotions

that

humans

are

born

with.

青赤黃，及黑白。此五色，目所識。

Green,red,

yellow.Black'n

whitefollow.Five

colors

vie,Wakeningtheeye.

青色、黃色、赤色、黑色和白色，是最最常見、最重要的五種顏色，是人眼所能夠識別的。Green,

yellow,

red,

black,

and

white

are

the

five

main

colors

traditionally

deemed

important

by

the

Chinese

people.

They

are

discernible

to

the

naked

eye.

酸苦甘，及辛咸。此五味，口所含。

Sour,

bitter,

sweet,Hot'n

saltymeet.These

tastes

five

Makepalatesalive.

我們能夠用味覺分辯出來的味道，有酸、甜、苦、辣、咸這五種。

There

are

five

tastes

perceptible

to

the

tongue,

namely,

sour,

bitter,

hotness,

sweet,

and

salty.

膻焦香，及腥朽。此五臭，鼻所嗅。

Muttony,

burnt,

balmy,Fishy,

and

moldy,These

smells

fiveMake

noses

alive.

我們用鼻子可以聞出的氣味，主要有五種，即羊膻味、燒焦味、香味、魚腥味和腐朽味。

There

are

five

main

smells

perceptible

to

the

nose,

namely,

muttony,

burnt,

balmy,

fishy,

and

moldy.

匏土革木石金，絲與竹，乃八音。

Gourd,

leather,

clayWood

we

play,Stone,

metal,

bamboo,And

string,

too.

我國古人根據(jù)材料把樂器分為八種，即匏瓜、粘土、皮革、木塊、石頭、金屬、絲線與竹子，統(tǒng)稱為“八音”。

The

ancient

Chinese

people

madeadivisionofeightmusical

instruments

accordingtomaterialstheyweremadeof,

namely,

gourd,

clay,

leather,

wood,

stone,

metal,

string,

and

bamboo,

called

"musical

eight".

曰平上，曰去入。此四聲，宜調(diào)協(xié)。

Level,

and

bounce,Fall,

and

in-nounce.These

four

tonesFor

tuned

phones.

中國古人把說話聲音的聲調(diào)分為平、上、去、入四種。這四個單音應(yīng)該和諧悅耳。Ancient

Chinese

spoke

with

four

tones:

level,

bounce,

fall,

and

in-nounce,

and

these

four

tones

should

be

in

tune.

高曾祖，父而身，身而子，子而孫。

Grand,great-grand,great-geat-grand

Father,myself,

and

Children,

and

grandchildrenAllarekinsmen.

由高祖父生曾祖父，曾祖父生祖父，祖父生父親，父親生我本身，我生兒子，兒子再生孫子。

Greater

grandparents(great-great-grand)

beget

great-grandparents,

great-grandparents

beget

grandparents,

grandparents

beget

father,

and

father

begets

son,

etc.

自子孫，至玄曾，乃九族，人之倫。

Nowgreat-grand,andHisson,

great-great-grand.There're

generations

nine,A

genealogical

line.

從高祖父到曾孫稱為“九族”。這“九族”代表著家族血統(tǒng)的承續(xù)關(guān)系。Fromgreat-grand(great-great-grandfather)

to

great-gand(great-great-grandchildren,

there

are

all

together

nine

generations,

forming

a

kindredgenealogical

line.

父子恩，夫婦從。兄則友，弟則恭。

Father

loves

son;Man-wife

is

one.Brothers

are

bland,Hand

in

hand.

父子有恩情，夫妻要和順，兄對弟友愛，弟對兄尊敬。

A

father

should

love

his

children

and

be

loved

by

them,

man

and

wife

should

be

harmonious,

and

brothers

should

be

kind--the

older

takes

care

of

the

younger

and

the

younger

shows

respect

to

the

older.

長幼序，友與朋。君則敬，臣則忠。Senior

to

young,The

ethical

rung.Lord

loves

subjects,Andenjoys

respects.

社會生活中應(yīng)當(dāng)有長幼尊卑的次序；君主愛護臣子，以民為本，民則敬仰君主。There

should

be

an

ethical

rung--the

old

should

be

given

priority;

If

a

king

loves

his

subjects,

the

latter

will

respect

him,

be

loyal

to

him.

此十義，人所同。

當(dāng)師敘，

勿違背。

This

you

rememberFor

every

member.This

you

obeyFor

every

day.

前面提到的十義是人人都應(yīng)遵守并廣為宣傳的，千萬不能違背。The

above-mentioned

moralprinciplesshould

be

borne

in

mind

and

be

told

to

others,

and

should

never

be

breached.

斬齊衰，大小功。至緦麻，五服終。Cuts

and

completes,Merits

and

feats,And

linen,

tooFor

funeral

blue.

中國古代有五種孝服，分別是斬衰、齊衰、大功、小功和緦麻。

Therearefive

kinds

of

funeral

garmentsinancientChina,thatis,cuts

(cut

coarsely),

completes

(complete

with

all

parts),

merits

(to

commemorate

the

merits

of

the

dead

),

feats

(to

commemorate

the

feats

of

the

dead),

and

linen

.

有古文，大小篆。隸草繼，不可亂。Old

characters,

beholdSeals,

lesser

'nd

bold,Straight

and

cursive,Five

scripts

successive!

我國的文字演變出了古文、大篆、小篆、隸書、草書這五種主要形式，這些一定要認清楚，不可搞亂了。

Chinese

script

styles

developed

from

old

characters,

to

bold

seal,

lesser

seal,

straight,

and

cursive.

These

styles

should

be

distinguished

each

from

the

other.

若廣學(xué)，懼其繁。但略說，能知原。To

learn

widelyIs

seldom

easy.To

study

some,Informed

you

become.

假如你想廣泛地學(xué)習(xí)知識，實在是不容易的事，但是如果大體涉獵，還是能夠了解到許多基本道理的。If

you

want

to

learn

extensively,

it

is

not

an

easy

matter.

If

you

study

generally,

you'll

become

knowing,

with

an

acquisition

of

some

basic

facts.

禮樂射，御書數(shù)。古六藝，今不具。

Rituals,

calligraphy,

shooting,Music,

mathematics,

driving.These

six

artsNeed

devoted

hearts.

禮法、音樂、射箭、駕車、書法和算數(shù)是古代讀書人的六門課程，統(tǒng)稱六藝。六藝需全身心投入，到現(xiàn)在很少有人能同時具備了。

Rituals,

music,

shooting,

driving,

calligraphy,

and

mathematics

are

the

six

coursesorarts

the

ancient

peoplewererequiredto

learn

at

school.Theseartsaredemanding,

and

now

very

few

people

can

master

them

all.

惟書學(xué)，人共遵。既識字，講說文。

Calligraphy'stheoneNeglectedbynone.Words

already

learned,Motivations

are

concerned.

在六藝中，現(xiàn)在只有書法還廣受推崇。認識了一些漢字之后，就可以去研究《說文解字》了。Of

the

six

arts,

now

only

calligraphy

is

valued

by

everybody.

When

one

has

learned

enough

characters,

it

is

necessary

to

inquire

into

the

Motivations

of

the

Characters.

凡訓(xùn)蒙，須講究，詳訓(xùn)詁，明句竇。

While

you

teach,Do

deeply

reach.Go

with

explanation,

And

guide

punctuation.

老師教導(dǎo)小學(xué)生，必須耐心認真，每句話都要詳細解釋，使之懂得斷句，了解句子的起承轉(zhuǎn)合。

As

a

teacher

of

children,

you

should

reach

deeply,

carefully

explain

what

a

sentence

means

and

teach

them

how

to

understandthecohesionandcoherenceofatext.

為學(xué)者，必有初，小學(xué)終，至四書。

Now

to

learn,Make

a

turn.From

school

nooksTo

Four

Books.

學(xué)習(xí)要有一個良好的開端，求學(xué)初期要打好基礎(chǔ)，循序漸進，小學(xué)之后才可以讀“四書”。

A

learner

should

have

a

good

beginning.

Only

on

a

good

foundation

in

primary

school

can

a

learner

proceed

to

the

classics,

i.e.

the

Four

Books.

論語者，二十篇，群弟子，記善言。

Analects--thelections

Has

twenty

sections.Confucius

and

disciplesGave

off

sparkles.

《論語》二十篇。記載的是孔子及弟子們之間的言論，皆是微言大義的警語。

The

Analects,

consisting

of

twenty

sections,

is

a

book

of

sparkling

dialogues

between

Confucius

and

his

disciples.

孟子者，七篇止，講道德，說仁義。

Mencius,

the

sutras,Has

seven

chapters.

These

are

counselsOf

virtues

'nd

morals.

《孟子》這本書，孟軻所作，共分七篇。內(nèi)容是關(guān)于品行修養(yǎng)、道德仁義等方面的言論。Mencius,

named

after

the

author,

is

divided

into

seven

chapters,

which

are

counsels

of

virtues

and

morals.

作中庸，乃孔伋，中不偏，庸不易。

The

Golden

Mean,Allkeptbetween.Kong

Jih,the

scholarIs

its

author.

《中庸》這本書的作者是孔子的孫子孔伋，書中講的是中庸，即不偏、不變的意思。The

Golden

Mean

was

authored

by

Kong

Jih,

grandson

of

Confucius,

which

is

about

how

to

keep

constant

equilibrium.

作大學(xué)，乃曾子，自修齊，至平治。

Great

Learning,

great,Tsengcius

did

create:From

personal

perfectionTo

national

progression.

《大學(xué)》這本書的作者是曾參。他提出了修齊平治的主張，具體是“修身齊家治國平天下”。Great

Learning

was

written

by

Tsengcius,

who

proposed

the

idea

of

personal

perfection

and

national

progression,

to

be

specific,

self-perfection,

family

harmonizing,

state

governing,

and

world

pacification.

孝經(jīng)通，四書熟，如六經(jīng)，始可讀。

Piety

learned

ahead,Four

Books

fully-read,Six

Classics

now,You

should

plough.

先學(xué)了《孝經(jīng)》中的道理，再把《四書》讀熟了，這樣就可以去讀《六經(jīng)》這樣的經(jīng)典了。

After

you

have

learned

what

is

preached

in

Piety

and

get

versed

in

Four

Books,

you

can

proceed

to

plough

through

Six

Classics.

詩書易，禮春秋，號六經(jīng)，當(dāng)講求。

History,

Changes,

Odes,

Books

of

altitudes.Spring

'nd

Fall,

RitualsBooks

for

perusals.

《詩》、《書》、《易》、《禮》、《春秋》，再加上《樂》統(tǒng)稱六經(jīng)。這是中國古代儒家的經(jīng)典，應(yīng)當(dāng)仔細閱讀。Odes,

History,

Changes,

Spring

'nd

Fall,

Rituals,

and

Music

are

collectively

called

Six

Classics.

These

are

important

Confucian

literatures

to

be

read

closely.

有連山，有歸藏，有周易，三易詳。

Book

of

Ranges,Book

of

Changes,Book

of

Retreat,Detailed

and

great.

《連山》、《周易》、《歸藏》是我國古代的三部書，合稱“三易”，“三易”用“卦”的形式來說明宇宙間萬事萬物的循環(huán)變化。Book

of

Ranges,

Book

of

Changes,

Book

of

Retreat

are

three

important

books

in

Ancient

China,

collectively

called

three

books

of

changes,

in

which

divinatory

symbols

are

used

to

predict

the

changes

of

things

in

the

universe.

有典謨，有訓(xùn)誥。有誓命，書之奧。

Canons,

duties,

plans,

Edicts,

oaths,

bans,And

imperial

mandates,Are

History's

aggregates.

《書經(jīng)》包括立國的基本原則、治國計劃、大臣義務(wù)、國君通告、起兵文告、國君命令等內(nèi)容。

History

includes

state

documents

such

as

canons,

duties,

plans,

edicts,

oaths,

bans,

and

imperial

mandates.三字經(jīng)英韻（后）

漢英對照·注解·完整版

我周公，作周禮。著六官，存治體。

Th'

Prince

of

ChoughDid

Rituals

bestow,Regimen

he

designedAnd

government

defined.

周公制定了《周禮》，其中他設(shè)計了六宮的官制，規(guī)定了國家的體制。The

Prince

of

Chough

wrote

Rituals,

in

which

he

designed

the

nuptial

system

of

the

crown

and

defined

the

governmental

system

of

the

country.

大小戴，注禮記。述圣言，禮樂備。

The

Days

suppliedRituals

wellclarified,And

paraphrased

adages

Of

those

sages.

戴德和戴圣叔侄二人整理并且注釋了《禮記》，轉(zhuǎn)述和闡揚了前代的典章制度和有關(guān)禮樂，闡明了圣賢的精辟言論。The

Days,

i.e.

Day

DehtheuncleandDay

Shenthenephew,annotated

Rituals,

and

illustrated

the

decrees,

regulations,

and

etiquette

rules

of

ancient

times

and

paraphrased

what

had

been

written

by

the

sages

then.

曰國風(fēng)，曰雅頌。號四詩，當(dāng)諷詠。

The

Psalms,

say,The

Chants,

say,And

those

airsOf

various

affairs.

《國風(fēng)》、《大雅》、《小雅》、《頌》，合稱為四詩，構(gòu)成《詩經(jīng)》這部內(nèi)容最豐富、中國最早的詩歌總集。

The

four

collections,

i.e.

Airs

of

the

States,

Psalms

Major,

Psalms

Minor,

and

Chants

constitute

the

Poems

or

Book

of

Odes,

a

rich

resource

of

poems,theearliestcollectioninChina.

詩既亡，春秋作。寓褒貶，別善惡。

When

Poems

perished,Spring'ndFall

flourishedFloggingwhat'slewd,Praisingwhat'sgood.

隨著周朝的衰落，《詩經(jīng)》變得默默無聞了，在此情況下孔子作了《春秋》，以借古諷今、揚善去惡。As

the

Chough

House

declined,

the

Poems

or

Book

of

Odes

lostitspopularity,

so

Confucius

compiled

Spring

'nd

Fall

to

criticize

the

ill-doing,

and

praise

the

well-being,

of

the

society.

三傳者，

有公羊，有左氏，有谷梁。Companion

authors

three:

Zuo

Qiu-ming,

and

he

Who

was

Gongyang,And

another,

Goo

Liang.

三傳是解釋《春秋》的三部書，指羊高所著的《公羊傳》、丘明所著的《左傳》和谷梁赤所著的《谷梁傳》。The

three

companions

to

Spring

'nd

Fall

were

those

written

by

Yang

Gao

(Gongyang

Gao),

TsuoQiu-ming,

and

Goo

Liang.

經(jīng)既明，方讀子。撮其要，記其事。

Classics

wellreadStudysophists

ahead.Make

a

list,Get

the

gist.

讀完了這些經(jīng)傳，明白了其間的道理，就可以讀子書了。由于子書很多，應(yīng)該選擇一些比較重要的來讀，而且還要記住每一事件的要點。After

finishing

the

classics,

you

can

read

sophistic

essays.

Since

there

are

so

many

such

books,

you

should

make

a

list

of

important

ones

and

try

to

get

the

gist

of

each.

五子者，有荀揚。文中子，及老莊。

Five

sophists

thenWere

great

men:Hsun,

Wenzhong,

Yang

Lao

and

Tsuang.

五子所著的書，稱為子書，所謂五子指荀子、揚子、文中子、老子和莊子。The

bookswrittenbyfivesophists

arecalledsophisticbooks.Thefivesophists

refer

to

Hsuncius,

Yangcius,

Wenchongcius,

Laocius,

and

Tsuangcius.

經(jīng)子通，讀諸史?？际老?，知終始。

After

finishing

theseRead

histories

please.Do

study

genealogyAnd

know

causality.

經(jīng)書和子書都讀熟了之后，就可以讀史書了。讀史書時應(yīng)該考究各朝各代的世系，明白其盛衰的原因，只有這樣才能從歷史中記取教訓(xùn)。After

you

have

finished

the

classic

and

sophistic

books,

you

can

read

annals.

When

you

do

this,

you

should

inquire

into

the

genealogies

of

the

dynasties,

learn

the

causes

of

the

vicissitudes,

and

draw

lessons

from

them.

自羲農(nóng)，至黃帝。號三皇，居上世。

The

legendary

Fooshee,Shennong

and

HuangdeeWere

great

forefathers,Esteemed

Three

Emperors.

伏羲氏、神農(nóng)氏和黃帝是三位上古時代的先驅(qū)，他們勤政愛民，開拓有功，被后人尊稱為“三皇”。Fooshee,

Shennong

and

Huangdee,

theforefathers

who

pioneered

the

land

and

took

care

of

the

masses,

were

esteemed

Three

Emperors.

唐有虞，號二帝。相揖遜，稱盛世。

Yao

'nd

Shun,precursors,Called

Two

Emperors.Yao

demised

throne,A

heyday

known.

黃帝之后，還有兩位賢明的帝王，叫唐堯和虞舜。堯認為兒子不肖，便把帝位傳給了賢能的舜。兩位帝王開創(chuàng)了華夏的人間盛世。After

Huangdee

came

two

greatest

figures

of

all

times,

Yao

and

Shun.

Yao,

unsatisfied

with

his

son,

demised

his

throne

to

the

able

Shun.

Under

their

governance,

there

appeared

a

heydayinChina.

夏有禹，商有湯。周文武，稱三王。

Hsiah,

Shang,

Chough,Three

dyansties,

lo.Yuh,

Tang,

Wuh,Three

kings

true.

夏朝的開國君主是禹，商朝的開國君主是湯，周朝的開國君主是武王。這幾個德才兼?zhèn)涞木醣缓笕俗鸱Q為“三王”。Yuh

founded

Hsiah,

Tang

founded

Shang,

and

Wuh

founded

Chough.

These

three

figures

were

called

Three

Kings

because

of

their

great

merits.

夏傳子，家天下。四百載，遷夏社。

Yuh,

heredity

begun,Throned

his

son.Four

centuriespassedSeeing

Hsiah'slast.

大禹把帝位傳給了自己的兒子，開啟了君王的世襲制。四百多年之后，夏被湯所滅。Yuh

passed

his

throne

on

to

his

son,

hence

the

hereditary

system

of

the

crown.

More

than

four

hundred

years

later,

Hsiah

was

annulled

by

Tang.

湯伐夏國號商六百載至紂亡The

conquerorTang

FoundedKingdom

Shang.Sixcenturies'elapseEre

Chow'scollapse.

商湯王起兵滅掉了夏，建立了商朝。商朝前后延續(xù)六百年，至商紂王時滅亡。KingTangfinishedHsiahandfoundedtheShangDynasty,whichlastedsixhundredyearsbeforeitsendatTsough'sEra.

周武王，始誅紂。八百載，最長久。

Wuh

of

ChoughTriumphed

over

Chow.Eight

centuries'gain,Chough's

longest

reign.

周武王殺死商紂王，滅掉商朝，建立了周朝。周朝在所有朝代中歷史最長，前后延續(xù)了八百多年。

Wuh

founded

the

Chough

Dynasty

after

having

nullified

the

Shang

Dynasty

and

killed

Chow

the

tyrant.

Chough

lasted

more

than

eight

hundred

years,

the

longest

of

all

dynasties.

周轍東，王綱墜。逞干戈，尚游說。

Chough

moved

east,Andcontrolled

least.There

arose

militance;Valued

was

eloquence.

自從周朝東遷國都之后，便很難有效地管理諸侯了。諸侯國之間戰(zhàn)爭不斷，而游說之士也開始大行其道。Choughmoved

its

capital

east,

hencetheEasternChough.TheChough

Househad

less

and

less

control

over

its

vassals.

There

were

often

wars

among

the

vassal

states,

and

lobbyists

held

sway.

始春秋，終戰(zhàn)國。五霸強，七雄出。

Spring

'nd

Fall

began,Warring

States

then.Five

Swayed

strong;Seven

Statessprung.

東周分為前后兩個階段，前期史稱春秋，后期為戰(zhàn)國。春秋時期有著名的五霸，為齊恒公、宋襄公、晉文公、秦穆公和楚莊王。戰(zhàn)國時七個諸侯國很強大，稱為七雄，分別是齊楚燕韓趙魏秦。The

Eastern

Chough

was

divided

into

two

periods,

the

Spring

'nd

Fall

period

and

the

Warring

State

period.

Huan

of

Chih,

Xiang

of

Song,

Wen

of

Jin,

Muh

of

Chin,

and

Tsuang

of

Chuh

became

predominant,

called

Five

Hegemons.

The

seven

powers

in

the

Warring

States

period

were

the

State

of

Chih,

the

State

of

Chuh,

the

State

of

Yan,

the

State

of

Han,

the

State

of

Weigh,

and

the

State

of

Chin.

嬴秦氏，始兼并。傳二世，楚漢爭。

Emperor

the

First

Other

states

burst.Generations

but

two,Arose

Han

'nd

Chuh.

戰(zhàn)國末年，秦國崛起，日漸強大，秦王贏政兼并六國，建立了統(tǒng)一的秦朝，自稱始皇帝。秦傳到二世，天下又開始大亂，最后形成楚漢相爭的局面。At

the

end

of

the

Warring

State

period,

the

State

of

Chinbecamemoreandmorepowerful.

Under

the

king

who

termed

himself

as

Emperor

the

First,

Chin

annexed

other

six

powers,

and

founded

the

unitary

Chin

Dynasty.

At

the

second

reign

of

the

dynasty,

the

country

was

thrown

into

a

turmoil,

hence

the

contention

between

Chuh

and

Han.

高祖興，漢業(yè)建。至孝平，王莽篡。Liu

Bang

almightyran;Arose

Great

Han.Hsiao

Ping

was

slayed;So

Wang

Mang

swayed.

漢高祖劉邦在楚漢相爭中獲勝，建立了漢朝。漢朝歷時兩百余年，到了孝平皇帝時，被王莽篡了位。The

Han

Dynasty

arose

with

Liu

Bang's

victory

over

his

opponent.The

dynasty

lasted

more

than

two

hundred

years

until

Wang

Mang

usurped

the

throne

of

Emperor

Hsiao

Ping.

光武興，為東漢。四百年，終于獻。

With

Guang

Wuh

beganThe

Eastern

Han.Th'

four

hundredth

year,Hanhsiandieddrear.

王莽篡權(quán)，導(dǎo)致天下大亂。劉秀推翻更始帝，恢復(fù)國號為漢，史稱東漢光武帝，東漢延續(xù)四百年，到漢獻帝時滅亡。Wang

Mang's

usurpation

threw

the

world

into

upheavals.

Liu

Hsiu,

i.e.

Emperor

Guang

Wuh,

overthrew

Emperor

Gengshih

and

restored

the

Han

Dynasty,

hence

the

Eastern

Han,

which

lasted

four

hundred

years,

until

Emperor

Hanhsian

died.

魏蜀吳，爭漢鼎。號三國，迄兩晉。

Shuh,

Woo,

WeighStruggled

their

way,Three

kingdoms

reared;Two

Jins

appeared.

東漢末年，魏國、蜀國、吳國爭奪天下，形成三國相爭的局面。后來魏滅了蜀國和吳國，但又被司馬懿篡奪了帝位，建立了晉朝，晉又分為東晉和西晉兩個時期。In

the

last

years

of

the

Eastern

Han

Dynasty,

Weigh,

Shuh,

and

Woo

fought

against

each

other,

hence

the

Three

Kingdom

period.

At

last,

Weigh

annulled

Shuh

and

Woo,

but

it

was

soon

superseded

by

the

Jin

Dynasty

when

Sih

Ma-Yih

usurped

the

throne.

Jin

includes

two

periods,

the

Western

Jin

and

the

Eastern

Jin.

宋齊繼，梁陳承。為南朝，都金陵。

Song,

Chih,

Liang,And

Chen

sprang.The

Southern

Regals,Nanking

as

capitals.

晉朝王室南遷之后，不久就衰亡了，繼之而起的是南北朝時代。南朝包括宋齊梁陳，國都都建在南京。Soon

after

it

moved

south,

the

Jin

House

died

out.

Then

came

the

Southern

and

Northern

Dynasties

period.

The

Southern

Dynasties

include

Song,

Chih,

Liang,

and

Chen,

all

seated

in

Nanking.

北元魏，分東西。宇文周，興高齊。

Northern

Weigh,

pressed,Divided,

east

'nd

west.Yuhwen

founded

Chough,Chih

followed

though.

北朝始自北魏，北魏也叫元魏。北魏后來又分裂成東魏和西魏。西魏被宇文覺篡了位，建立了北周；東魏被高洋篡了位，建立了北齊。The

Northern

CourtsstartedfromNorthernWeigh,whichlaterwas

divided

into

the

Eastern

Weigh

and

the

Western

Weigh.

The

EasternWeigh

was

usurped

by

Yuhwen,

who

established

the

Northern

Chough,

and

the

WesternWeigh

was

usurped

by

Gao-Yang,

who

established

the

Northern

Chih.

迨至隋，一土宇。不再傳，失統(tǒng)緒。

Suih,

so

grand,United

the

land.It

did

bloomBefore

its

doom.

楊堅重新統(tǒng)一中國，建立了隋朝。他的兒子隋煬帝楊廣即位，由于他荒淫無道，隋朝很快就滅亡了。Yang

Jian

established

the

Suih

Dynasty,and

China

was

united

again.Before

soon

it

was

superseded

by

the

Tang

Dynasty,due

to

the

debauchery

of

Emperor

Suih

Yang,

whowasYang

Jian's

son.

唐高祖，起義師。除隋亂，創(chuàng)國基。

Li

Yuan's

uprising

nowSwept

Suih

enow.Th'

Tang

Empire

roseAt

Suih's

close.

唐高祖李淵起兵反隋，他戰(zhàn)勝了各路反隋義軍，奪取天下，建立了唐朝。Li-Yuan

raised

troops

against

Suih,

defeated

many

opponents,

and

set

up

the

Tang

Dynasty

as

Suih

was

finished.

二十傳，三百載。梁滅之，國乃改。

Three

centuries'

gains

Made

twenty

reigns.Arising,theLiangReplacedtheTang.

唐朝的統(tǒng)治近三百年，總共傳了二十位皇帝。唐哀帝被朱全忠篡位，建立了梁朝，唐朝從此滅亡。為了和南北朝時期的梁相區(qū)別，歷史上稱為后梁。The

Tang

Dynasty

reigned

for

nearly

three

hundred

years,

with

twenty

emperors

in

all.

Emperor

Tang-Ai

was

usurped

by

Chu

Quanzhong,

who

founded

the

Liang

Dynasty,

termed

the

Latter

Liang

to

be

distinguished

from

the

former

Liang.

梁唐晉，及漢周。稱五代，皆有由。

Thus

started

Liang,Jin

and

Tang,Han

and

Chough;Five

youknow.

后梁之后或期間，還有后唐、后晉、后漢和后周，這段時間歷史上稱作五代。After,

and

concurrent

with,

the

Latter

Liang,

there

were

the

Latter

Tang,

the

Latter

Jin,

the

Latter

Han,

and

the

Latter

Chough,

and

this

period

is

called

the

Five

Dynasties.

炎宋興，受周禪。十八傳，南北混。

Then

Song,

aglow,Succeeded

to

Chough.Reigns

counted

eighteen,Bearing

invasions

keen.

趙匡胤接受了后周“禪讓”的帝位，建立了宋朝。宋朝相傳了十八個皇帝，其間北方的少數(shù)民族南下侵擾，南北之間持續(xù)混戰(zhàn)。Chao

Kuangyin,

accepting

the

demised

throne

of

the

Latter

Chough,

founded

the

Song

Dynasty.

At

the

eighteenth

emperor's

reign,

the

ethnics

from

the

north

invaded

the

land,

hence

scuffles

between

the

north

and

the

south.

遼與金，皆稱帝。元滅金，絕宋世。

Liao

and

Jin

Both

broke

in.The

Mongol

throngWiped

out

Song.

北方的遼人、金人和蒙古人都建立了國家，都自稱皇帝。最后，蒙古人滅了金朝和宋朝，建立了元朝，再一次統(tǒng)一了中國。Liao,

Jin,

and

Mongols

in

the

north

established

their

polities

and

their

chieftains

claimed

to

be

emperors.

In

the

end,

the

Mongols

annulled

Jin

and

Song

and

set

up

the

Yuan

Dynasty,

hence

the

reunification

of

China.

輿圖廣，超前代。九十年，國祚廢。

The

territory

vastExceeded

all

past.Ninety

years

elapsed;The

empire

collapsed.

元朝疆域遼闊，其領(lǐng)土超過了以前的任何一個朝代。然而它只維持了短短的九十年，就被農(nóng)民起義推翻了