2023年中考英語語法專題3代詞

語法專題：代詞【考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】【考點(diǎn)1】人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格,如下表所示:數(shù)格

人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語,賓格作賓語。動詞前面用主格,動詞或介詞之后用賓格。如:_______liketabletennis.(作主語)我喜歡打乒乓球。Doyouknow_______?(作賓語)你認(rèn)識他嗎?3.人稱代詞還可作表語,作表語時用賓格。如:—Whoisknockingatthedoor?誰在敲門?—It’s_______.是我。4.it的特殊用法(1)替代剛提到過的同一事物Thisismynewbike.Ibought_______lastweekend指動物、嬰兒或不明身份、性別的人Listen!Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whois_______?用來表示天氣、時間或距離_______isabout2hours’ridefromheretohishometown.固定句型Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.對某人來說，做某事是...的翻譯：_________________________________________________________________對我來說，學(xué)好英語很重要。Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.某人做某事是...的翻譯：_________________________________________________________________你幫助我真是太善良了。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.做某事話費(fèi)某人（時間）___________________________________________________________________搭公交車去上學(xué)花費(fèi)我2小時。Itseemsthat...似乎..._________________________________________________________________似乎天將要下雨。Itissaid/believed/reportedthat..據(jù)說/相信/報(bào)道..._________________________________________________________________據(jù)說茶是被中國人發(fā)明的。find/think/feelit+adj.+todosth發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感覺做某事..._________________________________________________________________我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)英語很容易。makeit+adj.+todosth.讓做某事..._________________________________________________________________科學(xué)家讓人們網(wǎng)上交談很容易?！究碱}鏈接】()1.—Whoistheladyinred?—MissGao.Sheteaches_______English.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours()2.Mybrotherhaslosthiswatch.Nowheislookingfor_______.oneB.thisC.thatD.it()3.Myparentsshowed_______someoldphotosthatbroughtbacksweetmemories.A.IC.myD.mine()4.Ithink_____importanttoprotectourearth.()5.Thatboywithglassesis________newclassmate【考點(diǎn)2】物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,如下表所示:數(shù)人稱類別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞中文意思我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的2.形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,可在句中作定語。一般情況下形容詞性物主代詞后面接名詞。如:________teacherisingtosee________.我們的老師要來看我們了。3.名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。一般情況下名詞性物主代詞后面不可接名詞。如:________schoolishereand________isthere.我們的學(xué)校在這里,他們的在那里?！究碱}鏈接】()1.Jessicausedtobeaworker,butshegaveup________jobwhenshebecameamother.heC.herD.herself()2.Ihavealovelypetcat._______nameisLazy.()3.—CanIuseyourbikeforawhile?—Yes.Youmayuse_______bike.Tom'sbikeishere.Icanuse______.my;mineB.mine;hisC.my;hisD.her:hers()4.Theirplantsdon'tgrowverywell,but_______lookreallygood.A.weB.ourC.oursD.ourselves【考點(diǎn)3】反身代詞英語中用來表示“我自己”,“你自己”,“他自己”,“我們自己”,“你們自己”,“他們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞,也有人稱之為自身代名詞,其形式如下表所示:人稱數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)我自己_____________你自己_____________他自己_____________她自己_____________它自己_____________復(fù)數(shù)我們自己_____________你們自己_____________他/她/它們自己_____________1.反身代詞可以在句中作賓語、表語和同位語。(1)作賓語,表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者,主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。如:Hecalled________awriter.他稱自己為作家。作表語。如:Thegirlinthestoryisactually_______.故事里的那個女孩其實(shí)就是她自己。(3)作主語或賓語的同位語,表示親自或本人。如:Youshouldasktheteacher________.(作賓語同位語)你應(yīng)該問老師他本人。2.反身代詞必須要與被指代人在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,意為“某人自己”。如:Youcandoallthehomework________________.你可以自己做所有的家庭作業(yè)。3.反身代詞在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中,可構(gòu)成很多固定詞組。如:________oneself=learn________oneself自學(xué)__________oneself玩得高興___________oneselfto隨便吃_____________迷路 ____________給某人自己穿衣服【考題鏈接】()1.Lookatthismodelship.Imadeitallby_________lastweek()2.NobodytaughttheoldladyhowtouseWechat.Shelearneditallby_________.sheB.herC.herselfD.hers()3.Nobodycanalwaysetohelpus.Wehavetofightandsave_________.A.yourselvesB.himselfC.myselfD.ourselves()4.WhenwesucceededinreachingthetopofMountTai,wefeltproudof_________.A.weB.usC.ourD.ourselves()5.Whenlifeisdifficult,tell_______thatpainispartofgrowing.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself【考點(diǎn)4】指示代詞1.指示代詞this,that,these,those用法例句this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人that和those則指時間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人________isapenand________isapencil.這是一支鋼筆,那是一支鉛筆。Wearebusy________days.這些天我們很忙。that和those指前面講到過的情況this和these則指下面將要講到的情況Ihadacold.________iswhyIdidn’te.我感冒了,這就是我沒有來的原因。WhatIwanttosayis________:wordsareveryimportantinlearningEnglish.我想說的是:學(xué)英語時單詞非常重要表示兩者對比時，為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞,常可用that或those代替TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthan________inShanghai.北京的天氣比上海的天氣冷。ThepeopleinBeijingarecolderthan________inShanghai.北京的人們比上海的人們冷酷。this在用語中代表自己that則代表對方Hello!_______isMary.Is_______Jackspeaking?你好!我是瑪麗,你是杰克嗎?2.it,one,that作代詞的區(qū)別代詞用法例句it指上文提到過的事物。The

book

is

mine._______is

very

interesting.這本書是我的,它非常有趣。one泛指上下文提及的同類事物中的一個。Your

bike

is

very

beautiful.I

also

want

to

buy

_______.你的自行車很漂亮,我也想買一輛。that常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中,代替前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),如指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)要用those,為了避免重復(fù)。TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthan_______inZhanjiang.北京的天氣比湛江冷多了。Theflowersontheleftaremorebeautifulthan_______ontheright.左邊的花比右邊的更美麗。【考題鏈接】()1.—Hello,Lindaspeaking.Who's_________?—Hello,thisisMartin.eC.thatD.this()2.—Nick,IlostmypenandIcouldn'tfind______anywhere—Therearemanypensinthatbox.Justtake______.A.it;itB.it;oneC.one;itD.one;one()3.Samfindssweepingrobotsuseful,andheplanstobuy________forhisgrandma.A.itB.oneC.this()4.TheweatherofZhuhaiismuchbetterthan_______ofBeijing,IthinkA.itB.thatC.thisD.those【考點(diǎn)5】不定代詞沒有指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有：some,any,one,each,every,no,none,all,both,either,neither,many,much,afew,alittle,other,another,theother等人______________某人______________任何人______________每個人______________沒人物______________某物______________任何物______________每件事物______________沒有事物地______________某地______________某地______________每個地方______________沒有地方注意:（1）形容詞或動詞不定式修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時要后置。如：____________________________________________________.我有重要的事情要告訴你。復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時，其謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。如：____________________________________________________.一切準(zhǔn)備好了。※易混不定代詞辨析some,any相同點(diǎn)some,any都意為“一些”,既可以修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),也可以修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞不同點(diǎn)some常用在__________中any多用于__________、__________及條件句中【牛刀小試】①Ihave_____________teahere.②Ican’tsee_____________tea.

③Wouldyoulike___________tea?(2)many,much相同點(diǎn)many,much都表示“許多”的意思不同點(diǎn)many修飾或代替__________名詞的復(fù)數(shù),其反義詞是__________much修飾或代替__________名詞,其反義詞是__________【牛刀小試】①Ididn’tknow____________EnglishpeoplewhocouldspeakChinese.

②Isthere____________waterinthebottle?

(3)few,afew,little,alittlefew,afew用來修飾或代替____________名詞little,alittle用來修飾或代替____________名詞few,little表示__________,意為“很少、幾乎沒有”afew,alittle表示__________,意為“一些、少許”【牛刀小試】①Heisnowoutofworkandcanmake___________money.

②I’mfromEngland,butIcanspeak___________French.

③___________studentsinthisschoolcanspeakJapanese.TheyspeakEnglish.

④Therearestill___________studentsintheclassroom.(4)another,other,others,theother,theothers①___________泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一個,表示“又一(個),又一些;另外的(人、物),別的(人、物)”,既可用作形容詞又可用作代詞，后可接數(shù)詞。②___________表示“另外的”,常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用;前面有the,

this,

that,

some,

any,

each,

every,

no,

one,

my,

your,

his等,則可與單數(shù)名詞連用。③___________泛指“別的人或物(但不是全部)”,是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能作定語;

some…others…表示“一些……另一些……”。④___________表示“兩者中的另一個”,one…theother…意為“(兩者中的)一個……另一個……”。theother修飾單數(shù)名詞時意為“(兩者中)另一個”,修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時意為“(兩部分中)剩下的,其余的”。⑤___________=theother+名詞復(fù)數(shù),指“剩下的人(或物),其余的人(或物)”?！九５缎≡嚒竣賅eneed__________fourpeople.②__________peoplemaythinklikethat.

③Someofthequestionsarehard;__________areeasy.

④Hehastwosons.Oneisthinand__________isfat.

⑤Thereare50studentsinmyclass.30areboys,and__________aregirls.

(5)both,neither,either,allboth“兩者都”①與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn),表示“兩個都”。②與“of+代詞(或名詞)”連用______________________________________.這兩個學(xué)生都是對的。固定搭配為：both...and...neither“兩者都不……”①可以與“of+代詞(或名詞)”連用,作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)______________________________________.這兩個女人都不是老師。固定搭配為：neither...nor...either“兩個中的任何一個”①可與“of+代詞(或名詞)”連用。作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。固定搭配為：either...or...all（三者及以上）“所有的”、“都”①可與“of+代詞(或名詞)”連用【牛刀小試】①M(fèi)r.HopeteachesEnglishwellinamiddleschooland__________ofhisstudentslikehim.

②LucyandLily__________agreewithus.

③Petercan’tgotothepartytonight,andIcan’t__________.

④__________ofthemwasingoodhealth,butbothworkedveryhard.

【考題鏈接】()1.TheNewYearConcertwassoamazingthat______leftinthemiddleofit.verybodyC.nobodyD.somebody()2.Ifyoustayalittlelonger,Ihave______moretotellyouabouttheplanfortomorrow.verybodyC.nobodyD.somebody()3.—Isthere______intoday'smorningnewsonCCTV1?—Yes,FranceTeambeatKoreaTeamby4:0intheWorldCup.anythingspecialB.specialanythingC.somethingspecialD.specialsomething()4.Itriedmanywaystosolvetheproblem,but________ofthemworked.allneitherD.both()5.—Wherewouldyouliketogotomorrow,BeijingorShanghai?—________isOKforme.It'suptoyou.EitherC.BothD.All【真題回顧】一、語法選擇()1.WorkersstartedtobuildthebridgeinMay,2018.________cost$2.8millionandtookovertwoyearstoplete.

A.It B.Its C.They D.Theirs()2.Judiedecidedtoaskherdadforhelpasitwas________firsttimetomakeakite.

A.her B.herself C.hers D.she()3.theydecidedtoexperimentwithanimalsandtest________inspaceflights.

A.they B.them C.their ()4.NobodytaughttheoldladyhowtouseWeChat.Shelearneditallby________..

A.she B.her C.herself ()5.hedideverythingwellandlivedfor________16years.

A.another B.other C.others D.theothers()6.I’llgodowntoshowmysupport,ifIcan’tdo________more.A.Something B.everything C.anything D.nothing()7.DeepintheforestlivesDavid,wholovesbooks.Assoonashereadsonebook,hebringshome________.

other B.another C.theother D.theothers二、短文填空1.LikemostChinese,Mr.Zhanghasatraditionalfamily.________heandhiswifearemiddleschoolteacherswhiletheir6yearoldsonisapupil.

2.Onemanhasturnedhisinterestintoloveandthislovemade________writemanybooksaboutChina.3.Althoughitwasonlyalittlemoney,shehelped12kidswithit!Shefeltveryexcitedwhenshesawsmileson________faces.4.Asweallknow,respectingtheoldandtakingcareoftheyoungisagoodChinesetradition.Weshouldtry________besttocareforourfamily.5.EventodaywhenWillthinksthathewon’tbeabletodosomething,hewilllookbacktothisexperienceandkeeptelling________,“onebrickatatime”.6.WhenthefilmgroupmeettheSmiths,theyfindthatMrs.Smith,Mrs.Smithandtheirtwosonsaresocrazyabouttechnologythat________hardlydothingstogether.7.Wetoldhimnottoworryaboutitandthenwetriedtogetintouchwithhismotherwiththephonenumberhegaveus…Whenshesawherson,shewas