功能對等理論下《活著》英譯研究

ChapterOneIntroductionWiththedevelopmentofsocietyandthedeepeningofinternationalculturalexchanges,Englishtranslation,asacommunicationmedium,playsanimportantroleininternationalcommunication,especiallyinthetranslationofliteraryworks.TranslatingandintroducingexcellentChineseliteraryworksprovidesanewwindowandwayfortheworldtounderstandChina,whichhasbecomeahistoricalmissionandarequirementofthetimes.Functionalequivalencetheoryfocusesonreaders'reactionsandfocusesmoreonthefeelingsofreadingthetranslatedtext.Thishastosomeextentweakenedthecontradictionbetweenliteralandfreetranslation,emphasizingnotonlyformalequivalence,butalsofunctionalandmeaningfulequivalence.BasedonNida'stheoryoffunctionalequivalence,thispapermakesarevisionofthetranslation.EugeneNidaisafamoustranslationtheoristandlinguist.Hiscoretheory,FunctionalEquivalenceTheory,holdsanimportantpositioninthefieldoftranslationtheoryinbothChinaandtheWest,withprofoundinfluenceandisappliedtoguidetranslationpracticeinvariousfields.Thepredecessorofthisnamewas"dynamicequivalence".Later,inordertoavoidbeingmisunderstood,itwaschangedtofunctionalequivalence.Simplyput,functionalequivalencereferstotheequivalencebetweenthetranslatedtextandtheoriginaltextintermsoflanguagefunction,whichistheequivalenceofreaders'psychologicalreactions,ratherthantheformalcorrespondenceoflanguage.ThetheoreticaltranslationofToLiveintoEnglishunderstandsthecharacterimagesandplotanalysis,andtheworkachievesahighdegreeofunityofideologicalandartisticquality.Inparticular,theprotagonist'sspiritofstrugglinghardinthefaceofdifficultiesstillhasenlightenmenttoday.Buildingculturalconfidenceinthenewera,enhancingthesoftpowerofChineseculture,andenablingChinesecultureto"goglobal"requireeveryone'sassistance.Moreover,Chinesecultureisvastandprofound,withextraordinaryworksineveryera;Ibelievethatwiththejointeffortsofmanyscholars,Chineseculturewillsurelyshineinthewaveofglobalization.Intranslation,westrivetocorrectlyunderstandandapplythetheoryoffunctionalequivalence,whichcanprovidesomereferencesignificanceforfuturetranslationpractice.ChapterTwoIntroductiontoAuthorsandWorksYuHuaisoneofthehighlyrespectedChinesewritersintheinternationalliteraryworld,earningthereputationof"CharlesDickensofChina".Hisnovel"ToLive"waspublishedin1993,whichnotonlytruthfullyportraysChina'shistoricalchangesbutalsoportraystheimageoftheChinesepeoplewhoarehardworking,simple,positive,andoptimisticbytellingthestoryofalifeofhappinessandhardship.2.1WorkBackgroundYuHua,bornonApril3,1960inHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince,isacontemporaryChinesewriter.ThelinguistichumorinYuHua'snovelsisakindofgrayhumorinextremecontrast,whichisazerodegreeemotionalnarration.Thiskindofhumorcanoftenreceivesurprisingexpressiveeffects.In1998,hewonthehighestprizeinItalianliteratureforhisnovel"ToLive"theGrenzanaCarverPrizeforLiterature.In2013,hepublishedthenovelTheSeventhDayandwontheOutstandingWriteroftheYearAwardatthe12thChineseLanguageLiteratureandMediaAwardsforthisbook.InthesufferingworlddepictedinYuHua'snovels,underthedualoppressionofsurvivaldilemmaandspiritualalienation,peoplepresentastateofexistencethatisintertwinedwithpovertyandhunger,violenceanddeath.Bydepictingtheevilsofhumannatureandtheendlesspursuitofhumandesires,hepresentstheerosionofspiritualsufferingonhumanbeingsandtheendlesssufferingthatitbrings,reflectingaconsistentconcernforthesurvivalandcircumstancesoflife,andalsorevealingasenseofreflectionandcriticismontheuglycornersofthehumansoul.2.2IntroductionToLiveIntroductionToLive:Thelandlordandyoungmasterbecameaddictedtogamblingandeventuallylosttheirfamilyproperty."Hisfatherdiedofdepression,andwhenhismotherbecameill,hewenttothecitytoseekadoctorandwasaccidentallycapturedbythearmyasastrongsoldier.".Aftertwoyearsoftossingandturning,Fuguireturnedhome.Atthistime,hismotherhadalreadypassedaway,andhiswife,Jiazhen,hadraisedapairofchildrenalone.However,herdaughterbecamedeafandmuteafterahighfever,andhersonwasalertandlively.However,therealtragedyhasonlybeguntounfoldgraduallysincethen.Everypagewereadmakesusunabletostoptearsfromwettingoureyes,becausetherarewarmthinlifewillbekilledagainandagainHusbandandwifereunited,sistersreunited,motherandsonreunited,andthefamilywashappy.Deathtorntopieces,leavingonlytheelderlyFuguiwithanoldcowinthesunlighttorecall.ToLiveisnamedAlive,butinfact,whatitdescribesisastoryofdeath.ThecontinuousdepartureofrelativesbringshappinessandhonortoyourlifeWithoutinterruptionofsuffering.Inthefaceofcontinuoussuffering,Fuguihasfoundawaytoalleviateit,thatis,"endure".Toendurethesorrowleftbythepassingoflovedones,theresponsibilitiesentrustedtousbylife,thehappinessandsuffering,boredomandmediocrityentrustedtousbyreality.Itisamissiontoconstantlystrugglewithdeathinatolerantmannerandliveonlytolive.Thereisnohappinessormisfortuneinlife.Lifeislivingquietly,andbeingaliveisastateoflife.Onlywhenwearealivecanwebequalifiedtoexperience.Wemustdaretofacedeathandsuffering,whichisalsoamissionoflife.ThisnovelhaswonthehighestawardoftheItalianGrenzanaCarverPrizeforLiterature,theTaiwan"ChinaTimes"TenGoodBooksAward,theHongKong"Boyi"15GoodBooksAward,theFrenchLiteratureandArtKnightMedal,theChineseBookSpecialContributionAward,andtheFrenchInternationalMessengerForeignNovelAward;Andwasselectedasoneofthe"Top100ChineseNovelsofthe20thCentury"byAsiaWeeklyinHongKong;SelectedbyonehundredChinesecriticsandliteraryeditorsasthe"10MostInfluentialWorksofthe91's".ChapterThreeFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryEugeneA.Nida'stheoryoffunctionalequivalencehasbeenstudiedinChinaandWesterncountriesformanyyears.Itsscientificnatureanduniqueinsightsintotranslationstudiesdistinguishitfromtraditionaltheories.Itsdistinctcharacteristicsprovideasolidtheoreticalfoundationforliterarytranslationstudies,especiallypoetrytranslationstudies.Inordertobetterunderstandtheapplicationoffunctionalequivalencetheoryinpoetrytranslation,thissectionwillfirststartwiththeconceptoffunctionalequivalencetheoryanditsthreebasicprinciples.3.1IntroductiontoNidaEugeneNidaisanoutstandingtranslatorandtranslationtheorist,renownedforhis;dynamicequivalencetranslationtheory,andknownasthefatherofcontemporarytranslationtheory.HewasborninOklahomaCity,UnitedStates,in1914.HegraduatedfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,in1936.In1939,hereceivedamaster'sdegreeinthestudyoftheGreekNewTestamentfromtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.In1943,hereceivedadoctorateinlinguisticsfromtheUniversityofMichigan.HethenservedasexecutivesecretaryoftheTranslationDepartmentoftheAmericanBibleSociety(ABS)foralongtime,andretiredasaconsultantin1984.Nidawasalsoanoutstandinglinguist,servingasPresidentoftheAmericanLanguageAssociation(LSA)in1968.HediedinBrussels,Belgium,in2011attheageof97.ThemainacademicactivitiesofNida'sliferevolvedaroundthetranslationoftheBible.IntheprocessoftranslatingtheBible,hedevelopedhisowntranslationtheorybasedonrealityandeventuallybecameoneoftheclassicsoftranslationstudies.Accordingtothenatureoftranslation,Nidaformallyproposedthefamousfunctionalequivalencetranslationtheoryin1964.3.2TheoreticalConnotationFunctionalequivalenceisNida'sgreatestcontributiontotranslationstudies.InhisbookFromOneLanguagetoAnothertheexpressionofdynamicequivalencewaslaterreplacedbyfunctionalequivalence.Ofcourse,thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenthetwoconcepts.Functionalequivalencemerelyemphasizesfunction，sothatthereisnomisunderstandingofdynamic,assomepeoplemaymisunderstanddynamicasanimpact.InhisbookLanguage,Culture,andTranslation,hedividedfunctionalequivalenceintotwolevels:theminimumlevelandthemaximumlevel.Thereadersofthetranslatedtextcanunderstandandappreciatethetextjustlikethereadersofthesourcelanguage.Fromthesetwodefinitionsofequivalence,itcanbeseenthatequivalenceatthelowestlevelisrealistic,whileequivalenceatthehighestlevelisideal.Nidabelievesthatgoodtranslationgenerallyliesbetweenthesetwolevels.Itisworthnotingthattheconceptoffunctionalequivalenceisveryflexibleandhighlyapplicable.InNida'sdynamicequivalencetheory,theresponseoftherecipientisfullyemphasized.Traditionaltranslationtheoriesgenerallyfocusonthelinguisticcontrastbetweenthesourcelanguagetextandthetargetlanguagetext,whileNida'stranslationtheoryhasshiftedfromtheformofinformationtotheresponseoftherecipient.Therefore,theroleoftherecipienthasreceivedconsiderableattentionintranslation.Inhisview,tojudgewhetheratranslationisfaithfultothesourcelanguage,thecriticneedstocomparenottheformalstructureofthesourcetextandthetargettext,buttheresponseoftherecipient.Ifthereader'sunderstandingandappreciationofthetranslatedtextintherecipient'slanguageenvironmentisequivalenttothatofthereaderinthesourcelanguagecontext,thenwecandeterminethistypeoftranslationasfunctionalequivalence.ChapterFourCaseAnalysisThischapterattemptstoselecttypicalexamplesfromthreedimensionstoanalyzetheEnglishtranslationofBaiRuiwen'sToLive,inordertodemonstratewhetherthetranslationcanenablethetargetlanguagereaderstoreceivethesameinformationastheoriginallanguagereaders,understandtheoriginalauthor'sintentionandtheessenceoftheoriginalwork'sideas,andmakethesameresponseastheoriginallanguagereaders.4.1VocabularyEquivalenceFortranslatedworks,thechoiceofvocabularyiscrucial.Vocabulary,asthefundamentalunitoflanguage,canhaveacertaindegreeofimpactonliteraryworksifchosenimproperly.BaiRuiwenisverycarefulinchoosingvocabularyandvocabulary.Theauthorofthisarticlebasicallyfollowstheoriginalworkofrespectingtheauthor'swritingpurposeintermsofapplicationandprocessing,andstrivestoachievefunctionalequivalence.Mr.BaiRuiwen'stranslationofToLiveisconsideredaliteraryEnglishtranslationthathasbeenpasseddownforthousandsofyears.Translatorsskillfullyusevarioustranslationmethodstohighlightthewritingstyleandlanguagestyleoftheoriginaltexttothegreatestextentpossible,butafterall,thisisthefirstnovelwrittenbytranslators.ThetranslationofculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandtheWestinthisnovelstillrequiresfurtherexploration.Example(1):Theprivateschoolteacherwhoisover60yearsoldsaidtomyfather:"Youryoungmasterwilldefinitelybecomeascoundrelwhenhegrowsup.Translation:年過花甲的私塾先生對我爹說：你家少爺長大了準(zhǔn)能當(dāng)個二流子。Theterm'over60yearsold'referstoanelderlypersonwhoisover60yearsold.Intheoriginaltext,'over60yearsold'referstoaprivateschoolteacherwhohasreachedtheageof60.Theoriginaltextaimstohighlighttheimageoftheprotagonist,a"luckyandnoble"dandy,throughthewordsofthis"over60yearoldman".Therefore,whenreadingthisparagraph,thetargetlanguagereadersonlyneedtounderstandthatMr.PrivateSchoolisanelderlyandnumerousreader,andthusunderstandtheimageofFugui.Thetranslator,inordertoenabletheoriginalauthortoCommunicatewellwithtargetlanguagereaders,allowingthemtohaveadeeperunderstandingofFuguithroughthiselderlyperson.Translate"over60yearsold"as"gettingoninyears"insteadofsimplytranslatingitas"his"Ageover60’s.Intheoriginaltext,"Erliuzi"isafolklanguage,whichisReferstothosewhoarelazy,lazy,idle,andlackproperwork,withlowknowledgeandculturalliteracy.The"Erliuzi"fullydemonstratesthestubbornimageoftheprotagonist"Fugui"4.1.1PolysemyInbothChineseandEnglish,thereisaphenomenonof"onewordwithmultiplemeanings,onemeaningwithmultiplewords".Nidapointedoutthatthemostimportantaspectoftranslationistograspthemeaningoftranslation.Itiscrucialtofindthecorrespondingtargetlanguageinthesourcelanguage,whichisrelatedtowhetherthetranslatedreaderscancorrectlygraspthetextexpression,andthenunderstandandappreciatethetranslation.Example(2):Uponhearingthis,mynoseturnedsourandIalmostshedtears.Iquicklyheadedtowardsthecitywithaheavyburdenonmyshoulders.Translation:我聽了這話鼻子一酸，差點掉出眼淚來，挑著擔(dān)子，趕緊往城里走。InExample1,before"I"setouttopayoffthedebt,mydaughterFengxiathoughtthat"I"wasgoingto"goouttowork"withoutleavinghomeforseveraldayslikebefore."Ialmostshedtears,"andmyheartwasfilledwithsorrowandguiltformydaughter."Tears"literallytranslatedas"drop,"andthetearsfloweddowninlargedrops,indicatingthedepthof"my"regret.Byusinglexicalequivalence,thetargetlanguagereaderscanbetterunderstandthedilemmafacedbythenovelcharactersatthattime,andgeneratesympathyandcompassion.Example(3):I'mstillinthedark,thinkingthatI'mabouttoglorifymyancestors.Translation:我還蒙在鼓里，以為自己馬上就要光耀祖宗了。Beingwrappedinadrumliterallymeansbeingdeceivedandnotknowinganything.ThismeansthatFuguiknowsnothingaboutthetrapsLongerhasmade,andhenaivelyfeelsthathewillsoonhavealotofmoneytowinoverothersandsavefaceforhisfamily.Inordertopreventreadersfromhavingdifferentopinionsontherecipient'slanguageunderstanding,translatorscanimmediatelytranslatedeeperandlargermeanings,and;Warminthedark"Forthosewhoreadworks,itisalsoafriendlyandacceptablewayofexpression.Althoughtranslationhasmanydifferencesinformfromtheoriginaltext,iteffectivelyexpressestheinitialmeaningofthework,enablingreaderstounderstandthesameinformationastheoriginalreadersandhaveasimilarreadingexperienceastheoriginalreaders.4.1.2PartofSpeechConversionToLive,Thestoryistoldinfirstpersonbyoneoftheruralpeople,whichestablishesthenarrativekeynoteoffolkdiscourseinthenovel.YuHuarepeatedlyusessimpleandclearlanguageinhisnovelstoexplaintheprinciplesthateveryoneunderstands,mostofwhichcomefromthemouthsofpeoplelivingindifficultandsimpleareas.Comparedtointellectualswithculturalandculturalconnotations,these"Localpeople;Useeasytounderstandlanguagetodescribetheirunderstandingoflife."CowsDogsChickenGoose",And"Sheep"Inthetwoexamplesabove,peoplearewell-known.Thepreviousexamplecomesfromthemalehost'smouth,whilethelatterexamplecomesfromhisfather'smouth.ThewordsofFuguireflectthethoughtsandprinciplesofConfucianism,advocatingthateveryoneshouldserveeveryoneanddotheirownworkwell.Suchafolkproverbrichinacertainwayoflifeisveryrareinthereceivinglanguage.Example(4):Iwalkedhomealone,crying,crying,walking.Translation:我一個人往家走去，走走哭哭，哭哭走走。Inthesentence,theauthorvividlyportraystheprotagonist'sheartbreakingemotions.FacedwiththesignificantdifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineselanguages,BaiRuiwencleverlytransformsthelanguageformintheoriginaltext,retainingtheoriginalstyleandform,makingtheflavorof"walkingawaycrying,cryingandwalking"vividlyappearonthepaper.Whentranslatingthesesentences,thetranslatormostlyadoptsliteraltranslation,retainingthelanguagestyleoftheoriginaltextandpossessingrichfolkcharacteristics.Althoughitwastranslatedliterally,itdidnotusesomeobscureanddifficulttounderstandwords,butinsteadusedtheexpressionscommonlyusedbytherecipientlanguagereaderstoexplainthetruth.TheprocessingoftranslatedtextsnotonlyallowsthetargetlanguagereadersandthesourcelanguagereaderstodeeplyfeelYuHua'suniquefolkdiscoursewritingstyle,butalso;Fax"TheinfluenceofChinesefolkcultureonreadershasenrichedtheexpressionoftranslatedlanguage.4.2Syntaxequivalence4.2.1LiteralTranslationThereproductionoftheinitialwritingstyle,Fromtheperspectiveofreproducingthesecularworld,inadditiontoreproducingtheauthor'spurpose,BaiRuiwenalsocompletelyretainsthewritingstyleoftheoriginaltext.Theauthorusesmanymetaphoricalrhetoricaldevicesintheoriginaltext.Tomakethesentencesinthetextfulloftheoriginalliteraryworkandmakeitlively,inordertobetterrestoretheelementsofnationalstyleintheoriginaltext,thetranslatoradoptsaliteraltranslationmethodtoskillfullyhandletheimplicitconnotationsintheoriginaltext.Inadditiontousingalotofobscuretricksintheoriginaltext,"Palindrome"Alsocleverlyinsertedintothetext.BaiRuiwenfollowsthelanguageexpressionofreproductionoftheoriginalworkswithinthescopeofconsideration,asshowninthefollowingexamples:Example(5):Luckisinmyhandtonight.Translation:今天晚上這手氣要轉(zhuǎn)。Themeaningofthissentenceistohavegoodlucktonight.Themethodofusing"luck"isaChinesewordwithculturalsignificance,and"luck"referstoluckingamblingorgambling.Therefore,wetranslate"luck"into"luck"inChinese.Secondly,wealsousedthemethodofomittingtranslation.Theword"tobetranslated"inthissentencewasnottranslatedherebecausetheprincipleofcommunicativedimensionmustbefollowedintheconversionbetweenbilinguals.Itshouldbesmooth,avoidwordtoword,wordtowordtranslation,andflexiblyusecommunicativemethods.4.2.2FreeTranslationNidabelievesthatthereferentialmeaningofawordincludesaseriesoffunctionsusedtodetermineSemanticcharacteristicsofthescopeofsemanticindicators.Thetranslatormustfirstaccuratelyunderstandthetranslationprocess,Thereferentialmeaningoftheoriginaltextcanbereproducedusingtheclosestandmostnaturalequivalentsonthisbasis.ToliveThisnovelhasastrongfolkflavorandcontainsthespokenlanguageofmanyofthebottomChinesepeople.ThetranslatormustclarifyitsmeaningToavoidmistranslation,wemustweighthemeaning.Awordusuallyhasmultiplemeanings,knownaspolysemy,intranslation,Suchwordsmustbecombinedwithspecificcontextstoselectthemostappropriatemeaningfrommultiplemeanings.Example(6):IamtheblacksheepofourXufamily.Translation:我是我們徐家的敗家子。GuSunandplayfulpeopleandsonsinEnglishconstituteanincomprehensiblephrase,meaningplayfulpeoplethisexpressionisfromtheBible,isasentenceusedbyJesusinhismission.Thisanalogyisapairoffathersandsons,theyoungestofwhomleavingtheancestralhousewiththemoneyallocatedandlivingarichlifeveryfaraway.Whenhespentallhismoney,heunderstoodhismistakeandhishelplessness,anddecidedtochangehimselfandstartagain.TheexperienceofthesoninthestoryisverysimilartothatofFugui,whohasneverbeenthereanywhere.Itcanbeseenthattheprodigalsonnotonlyreferstothesimplesurfaceasagroupoflovetoplay,butalsoissimilartothevaguemeaningintheoriginalarticle.ItcomesnotonlyfromtheBiblethatreadersarefamiliarwithinreadingtheirworks,butalsofromawaythattheyuseintheirordinarylife.Readersoftherecipient'slanguagecanimmediatelyunderstandthemeaningofthewordprodigalson,soastoaccuratelyunderstandtheinformationconveyedbytheoriginaltextandrealizetheimageofarichandyoungboy.Thisisthesameresponseasthesourcelanguagereaderswhenreadingtheoriginaltext.Thetranslator'stranslationmethodherenotonlysuccessfullyreproduceswhattheauthorwantstoexpress.Example(7):LongErandIbothusegamblingtools,andevenLongEr'sgamblingtoolsareverygood.Translation:我和龍二都是用骰子，就是骰子龍二也玩得很地道。InChinese,therearemultiplemeaningsthatcanindicate"Aplacetowalkunderground;Trulyfromaveryfamouscountryoforigin;Pureenoughstandard,practical".Whenreadersseethisexpression,theirfirstreactionwillbe"Undergroundpassage".However,combinedwiththecontextoftheoriginaltext,readersquicklyunderstandthatthetruereferentialmeaninghereisnotliteralmeaningfour.Thenovelendowstheundergroundgamblingindustrywithavictoriousarmy,andMr.Shen,whohasneverlost,alsobecomeshisdefeatedsubordinate.Whetherit'splayingcardsorgamblingtools,DragonTwoisverypowerfulinthiskindofthing.Theoriginaltextusesaterm"Unique",Itrarelyappearsinformalwrittenlanguage,andisusedtodescribeLonger'sscreeningskills.Althoughitsmeaningis"Standard",Simplyput,Longerplayedverywellandclearlydidnotachievetheintendedmeaningoftheoriginaltext.Accordingtothetheoryoffunctionalequivalence,ifliteraltranslationleadstodifferentmeanings,appropriateadjustmentsmustbemadetothetranslation.Thetranslatorboldlybrokethroughtheformoftheoriginaltextandcleverlytranslatedtheadjectivesintheoriginaltextintofamouswords"ExpertUsingtranslationmethodscanbeconsideredagoodtranslationmethod.Trytomaintainconsistencyinthepartofspeechofthetranslationwiththeoriginaltext;.However,itisimpossibletoachievethetruestandardofahundredwords;Inthemeaningofthisword,simplyput,DragonTwo'sstandardgamblingequipmentcannotreachtheexpressionleveloftheoriginaltext.Accordingtothetheoryoffunctionalequivalence,ifliteraltranslationleadstoambiguityinreferentialmeaning,appropriateadjustmentsmustbemadetothetranslation.Thetranslatorboldlybrokethroughtheformoftheoriginaltextandcleverlytranslatedtheadjectivesintheoriginaltextintofamouswords"Expert;Theuseoftranslationmethodscanbeconsideredagoodtranslationmethod-usingimaginationtotranslateitinto"standard".Althoughconsistentwiththeoriginaltextintermsofpartofspeech,itisevidentthatithasnotreachedthelevelexpressedintheoriginaltext,andtheexpert'smeaningis"Expert",Whenusedasanadjective,itsmeaningis"Skilledintechnologyandrichinexperience;Itcanbeseenthatitsmeaningisrelatedtotheword"Moreconsistent;Readerswhoacceptlanguagewillspontaneouslyseeaverypowerfulimage,whichisthesameastheauthenticeffectconveyedbywords.4.3Textequivalence4.3.1ContextualContextExample(8):Mymotherwascryingloudlyontheside,andshesaidtome,"ItoldyouaboutJiazhen,It'syourwoman,nooneelsecantakeitaway.Translation:我娘在一旁哭得嗚嗚響，她對我說：“我說過家珍是你的女人，別人誰也搶不走的?！盜nthisexample,'cryingloudly'istranslatedas'tearsofjoy';ThereasonwhymymothercriedwasbecauseJiazhenhadreturnedfromhermother'shouseandbroughtbackherlittlegrandson.Theonceimpoverishedandbrokenfamilywasreunited,andtheturbulentandwanderingyearsbecameevenmoreheavy;Thethreeexamplesvividlydepictthecharacters'situationsandmoods,showcasingtheirpersonalitiesandonceagainindirectlyreflectingthedifficultiesofthecurrentsituation,whichalsoshockedthereaders.4.3.2SituationalContextContextualequivalencereferstotheunderstandingofspecificsemanticsinaspecificeventbyunderstandingtheinterrelationshipsandpsychologyofthecharactersinvolved;Example(9):JiaZhen,IhaveagoodnewsaboutFengXia’smarriage.Translation:家珍，鳳霞的事有眉目了。Theterm'eyebrowsandeyes'referstoacertaindegreeofprogressinsomething.ThisisanorallanguageoftenspokenbytheChinesepeople,whichcontainsrichlocalculture.Inthe1960s,womengotmarriedrelativelyearlyandwereintroducedtoeachother.Iftherewasanyprogressinmarriage,itwouldbesaidthatthismatterwaspromising.Here,thetranslationmethodoffreetranslationisusedandbasedonthecontext,itisknownthatthereisgoodnewsaboutFengXia'smarriage,soitistranslatedas"agoodnewsaboutFengXia'smarriage".Therefore,transitioningfromthedimensionofChineseculturetoadimensionthatiseasilyacceptedbytheWestwillmakeiteasyfortheaudiencetounderstandthekeypointsandthusmeetthestandardsofculturaldimension.Nidafirstintroducestheterm“DynamicEquivalence”intheeighthchapterofhisbookTowardaScienceofTranslatingandhetellsthedifferencesoftwoorientationsintranslationandanalyzesthecorrespondenceintranslation.Previously.hefirststates"Thereasonforthisisthatnotwolanguagesaresoidentical,notonlywheretheirconnotationsortheirpunctuationmarksarecombinedwithidiomsandorderlysentences:althoughreasonable,thereisneveracertaincorrespondingrelationshipbetweendifferentlanguages.Therefore,itissafetodeferthatfullyexacttranslationdoesnotexistletalonecompleteequivalenceindetailinspitethattheredoesexistatranslationofreasonablyclosetothesourcetext.ChapterFiveTheSignificanceofStudyingFunctionalEquivalenceTheoryTheEnglishtranslationofToLiveisrareinthecontextofChineseliterature'goingglobal'Asasuccessfulexample,theauthorhopestousethisTheliteraturehasarousedtheattentionoftheacademiccommunitytothestudyofEnglishtranslationofChineseliteraryworks,therebypromoting.ThestudyofliteraryEnglishtranslationinChinaisdevelopingindepth.5.1CombinationofTranslationandTheoryThisarticleaimstoanalyzewhethertheresponseofrecipientlanguagereaderstotheEnglishtranslationof"ToLive"isequivalenttotheoriginallanguagereading.Theauthor'sresponsetotheoriginalworkwasfirstcollectedthroughliteratureandbooksonthestudyof"ToLive"andfunctionalequivalencetheory.Abriefreviewofpreviousresearchfindings;Thenabriefintroductionwasgivento'ToLive'anditsEnglishtranslation:ThisarticlesystematicallyintroducesNida'stheoryoffunction