2014年新版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)-文檔

2014年新版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit1.what’sthematter?一．重點(diǎn)短語歸納1.foot---feet

腳

<復(fù)>tooth---teeth

牙齒

<復(fù)>2.haveacold

感冒3.haveastomachache

胃疼4.haveasoreback背疼5.haveasorethroat喉嚨疼6.haveafever發(fā)燒7.liedownand(havea)rest

躺下休息havearest

休息8.hotteawithhoney

加蜜的熱茶9.seeadentist

看牙醫(yī)seeadoctor看醫(yī)生10.drinklotsofwater多喝水11.lotsof

,alotof,alotalotof=lotsof，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，一般用在肯定句中。：Therearelotsof（alotof）booksinourlibrary.Thereisalotofwateronthegroundalot,是一個(gè)副詞詞組，跟動(dòng)詞連用；表示十分，很等意思；

Thanksalot.12.haveatoothache牙疼13.That’sagoodidea好主意14.gotobed

去睡覺gotobedearly早上床睡覺15.feelwell感到好

feelill

感到不舒服Idon’tfeelwell=I’mnotfeelingwell我感覺不舒服.16.startdoing/todosth開始做某事TODO是一件事情完成了，開始做另外一件事情DOING是原來的那件事情做到一半，現(xiàn)在又開始做了，是同一件事情。17.twodaysago兩天前18.getsomerest

多休息,休息一會(huì)兒19.Ithinkso我認(rèn)為是這樣20.bethirsty口渴

21.behungry

饑餓22.bestressedout緊張23.listentomusic聽音樂24.healthylifestyle健康的生活方式25.traditionalChinesedoctors傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)26.needtodosth

需要做某事Ihaveatoothache.Ineedtoseeadentist.

我牙痛,

我需要去看牙醫(yī).Weneedtokeepourclassroomclean.

我們需要保持教室的干凈.27.abalanceofyinandyang陰陽平衡28.forexample例如29.toomuchyin太多的陰,陰氣太盛toomuch+

不可數(shù)名詞

太多的…

muchtoo+形/副

實(shí)在太…

極其，非常toomany+

可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

太多的…30.begoodforsth./doingsth.對(duì)什么有益，對(duì)什么有好處bebadforsth./doingsth.對(duì)什么有害begoodto對(duì)…好begoodat=dowellin在……方面好，擅長be

good(bad)

for、be

good

at的相關(guān)用法1.begoodfor對(duì)......有益Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourhealth.做早操對(duì)你們的建康有益。 2.begoodat擅長于......LiPingisgoodatbasketball.李平擅長于籃球。=LiPingisgoodatplayingbasketball.李平擅長于打籃球。begoodat=dowellin如：I'mgoodatmath.=Idowellinmath.我擅長于數(shù)學(xué)。3.begoodto對(duì)......好Parentsarealwaysgoodtotheirchildren.父母親總是對(duì)他們的孩子好。31.getgoodgrades取得好成績

32.angry用法beangrywithsb生某人的氣Iwas

angry

withhimforkeepingmewaiting.我對(duì)他很生氣，因?yàn)樗屛业攘撕镁谩eangryat/aboutsth

就某事生氣33.Chinesemedicine

中藥34.bepopularin+someplace在某地很流行

Chinesemedicineisnowpopularinmanywesterncountries.

現(xiàn)在中藥在許多西方國家受歡迎。35.inwesterncountries在西方國家36.It’seasytodosth做某事是容易的。

It’simportanttodosth.做某事很重要。37.balanceddiet平衡飲食38.gettired

感到疲倦be/gettired

39.gooutatnight在晚上出去Whenyouaretired,youshouldn’tgooutatnight.

疲倦時(shí)，晚上你不該外出40.stayhealthy

保持健康=keephealthy=keepingoodhealth41.atthemoment此時(shí)，此刻=nowI’mnotfeelingverywellatthemoment42.enjoysth.=likesth.(名詞)喜歡某物,enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事=likedongsthenjoyoneself(myself,yourself,herself,himself,themselves,ourselves,itself反身代詞)玩得高興，過得愉快=haveagoodtime=haveawonderfultime=havefun43.conversationpractice會(huì)話練習(xí)44.hostfamily

寄宿家庭45.havealotofheadaches經(jīng)常疼痛I’mtiredandIhavealotofheadaches.

我很疲勞，而且經(jīng)常頭痛。46.afew+

可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

少許…alittle+

不可數(shù)名詞/形/副

一點(diǎn)…47.Heshouldn’teatanything=Heshouldeatnothing.

他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西.48.givesbsomeadvice給某人建議giveadvice提出建議advice是不可數(shù)名詞

apieceofadvice一則建議takeone’sadvice采納或聽從某人的建議Hegavemesomegood

advice.他向我提了一些很好的意見。49.sleep8hoursanight每晚睡眠八小時(shí)50.takemedicine吃藥服藥Ihavetotakemedicinethreetimesadayformycold.因?yàn)楦忻埃也坏貌灰惶斐匀嗡?。二固定結(jié)構(gòu)It’s+形+forsb.+todosth.做某事對(duì)某人來說是…的。It’simportanttodosth.做某事很重要。It’simportantformetoeatabalanceddiet.

平衡飲食對(duì)我來說是很重要的.It’seasytodosth做某事是容易的。It’seasyforustofindouttheanswer.

找出答案對(duì)我們來說是容易的三．重點(diǎn)句子1.What’sthematter?What’sthematerwithyou?你怎么啦？

=What’sthetroublewithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?

Ihaveacold/haveasoreback/haveastomachache2.That’stoobad.Youshould/shouldn’t

…

那太糟糕了.

你應(yīng)該/不該…Youshouldliedownandrest/drinkhotteawithhoney/seeadentist/seeadoctor.Heshouldn’teatanything=Heshouldeatnothing.

他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西.3.I’mnotfellingwell.這里well表示身體狀況，不能用good代替Idon’tfeelwell=I’mnotfeelingwell我感覺不舒服.4.Whendiditstart?Abouttwodaysago.什么時(shí)候開始的？大約兩天前5.Ihopeyoufellbettersoon.我希望你很快好起來這里better是well的比較級(jí)6.TraditionalChinesedoctorsbelieveweneedabalanceofyinandyangtobehealthy.傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認(rèn)為我們需要陰陽調(diào)和以保持身體健康。這里tobehealthy是動(dòng)詞不定式短語，作目的狀語7.Youshouldeathotyangfoods,likebeef.

你應(yīng)該吃一些像牛肉之類的陽性食物。8.EatingDangshenandHuangqiherbs

is

alsogoodforthis.

吃黨參和黃芪等草本植物也對(duì)這有好處。9.Peoplewhoaretoostressedoutandangrymayhavetoomuchyang.

太緊張易怒的人或許吃了太多的陽性食物。toomuch后跟不可數(shù)名詞，而toomany后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)10.It’seasytohaveahealthylifestyle,andit’simportanttoeatabalanceddiet.有一個(gè)健康的生活方式很容易，飲食平衡是很重要的?！鶬t’seasytodosth.做某事容易/It’simportanttodosth.做某事重要11.Youshouldrestforafewnights.

你應(yīng)該休息幾個(gè)晚上12.Istudylateeverynight,sometimesuntil2am,butIdon’tthinkI’mimproving.我每天晚上學(xué)到很晚，有時(shí)到凌晨2點(diǎn)鐘，但我認(rèn)為我沒有提高。13believein信任某人，強(qiáng)調(diào)品質(zhì)，believesb.相信某人的話Ibelievehim,butIcan’tbelieveinhim.他的話是真的，但是我不信任他這個(gè)人。14.Ihaveatoothache.Ineedtoseeadentist.→need意思為“需要”，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)詞不定式，否定式為don’t/doesn’t/didn’tneed(todosth.)；作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只能用于否定句或疑問句中，否定式為needn’t(dosth.)，除有過去式外，沒有其它的形態(tài)變化四．知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，意為"應(yīng)該......"。should（應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該）用于所有人稱，表示勸告或建議。eg.Youshouldwaitalittlemore.你應(yīng)該再多等一會(huì)兒。---Ihaveaverybadcold.我感冒很厲害。---Youshouldliedownandhavearest.你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水。2maybe與may

be1.maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如：Maybehecananswerthequestion.也許他能回答那個(gè)問題。HemaybeisfromtheUSA,too.他可能也來自美國。2.maybe中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，譯為“可能是......”。如：HemaybefromtheUSA,too.他可能也來自美國。ShemaybeourEnglishteacher.她可能是我們的英語老師3too

many,too

much與much

too1.toomany意為“太多”，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：Therearetoomanystudentsinourclass.我們班上有太多的學(xué)生。2.toomuch意為“太多”，用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：Wehavetoomuchworktodo.我們有太多的工作要做。3.muchtoo表示“太”，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如：Theboxismuchtooheavy,soIcan'tcarryit.箱子太重了，所以我搬不動(dòng)它。4few、afew、little、alittle的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系：1.few/afew用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有；afew表示有肯定意思，有幾個(gè)。例如：Hehasfewfriendshere,hefeelslonely.他這里沒朋友，他感覺寂寞。Thereareafeweggsinthebasket.籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。2.little/alittle用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little表示否定意思，沒有，幾乎沒有。alittle表示肯定意思，有一點(diǎn)兒。例如：Thereislittleinkinmybottle,canyougivemealittleink?我的瓶子里沒有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎？5not…until

直到…(否定句)才，動(dòng)詞為短暫性或瞬間性動(dòng)詞

Shedidn’tleaveuntilwecame.Hewentshoppingafterhegotup.

=Hedidn’tgoshoppinguntil/beforehegotup.

……until/till

直到···（肯定句）動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Westayedheretill/until12o’clock.Unit2I'llhelpcleanthecityparks.一．知識(shí)點(diǎn)：短語動(dòng)詞小結(jié)常見短語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種：1.動(dòng)詞+副詞如：giveup放棄turnoff關(guān)掉stayup熬夜這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，也可放在短語動(dòng)詞后。2.動(dòng)詞+介詞如：listenof聽lookat看belongto屬于這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟賓語。3.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞如：comeupwith提出，想出runoutof用完，耗盡4.動(dòng)詞+名詞(介詞)如：takepartin參加catchholdof抓住1.cheer(sb.)up使(某人)高興、振作如：cheermeup使我高興cleanup打掃clean-upn.打掃2.homelessadj.無家可歸的ahomelessboy一個(gè)無家可歸的男孩homen.家4.sickadj.生病的作表語、定語illadj.生病的作表語，不能作定語5.volunteertodov.志愿效勞、主動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)volunteern.志愿者6.comeupwith提出想出===thinkup想出catchupwith趕上追上7.putoffdoing推遲做某事puton穿上(指過程)putup張貼8.writedown寫下記下9.callup打電話makeatelephonecall打電話10.setup成立建立Thenewhospitalwassetupin2000.這座醫(yī)院是在2000年成立的。11.each每個(gè)各自的強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)人或事物的個(gè)別情況常與of連用every每個(gè)每一個(gè)的一切的則有“全體”的意思不能與of連用12.put…touse把…投入使用，利用Theyputthenewmachinetouse.他們把新機(jī)器投入使用13.helpsb.(to)do幫助某人做某事helphim(to)studyhelpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事helphimwithEnglishhelpdo幫助做某事helpstudy14.plantodo計(jì)劃做某事plan+從句IplantogotoBeijing.===Iplan(that)IwillgotoBeijing.我計(jì)劃去北京。15.spend…doing花費(fèi)…做…IspentadayvisitingBeijing.我花了一天的時(shí)間去參觀北京。spend…onsth.花費(fèi)…在…Ispent3yearsonEnglish.16.notonly…but(also)…不但…而且…用來連接兩個(gè)并列的成分(1)引導(dǎo)以notonly…but(also)…開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。因此⑴NotonlydoIfeelgoodbut(also)….是倒裝句。也是說得要把前面的句子中的助動(dòng)詞或者是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語的前面。如：①NotonlycanIdoitbut(also)Icandobest.我不僅能做到而且做得最好。⑵Notonly…but(also)…接兩主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞隨后面的主語人稱和數(shù)的變化也就是就近原則如：①NotonlyLilybut(also)youlikecat.不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。②Notonlyyoubut(also)Lilylikescat.不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。常見的就近原則的結(jié)構(gòu)有：①Neither…nor…即不…也不…(兩者都不)NeitheryounorIlikehim.我和你都不喜歡他。②Either…or…不是…就是…(兩者中的一個(gè))EitherLilyoryouareastudent.③Notonly…but(also)…④Therebe17.join參加(指參加團(tuán)體、組織)如：jointheParty入黨takepartin參加(指參加活動(dòng))如：takepartinsportsmeeting參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)18.runout與runoutof①runout(becomeusedup).其主語往往為物。如時(shí)間，食物，金錢，油等，本身就含有被動(dòng)意義。Hismoneysoonranout.他的錢很快就花光了。Mypatiencehascompletelyrunout.我沒有一點(diǎn)耐心了。Ourtimeisrunningout.我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。②runoutof主語為人，表示主動(dòng)含義。Heisalwaysrunningoutofmoneybeforepayday.他總是在發(fā)工資的日子還沒有到就把錢花完了。兩者在一定條件下可以互換如：Thepetrolisrunningout.汽油快用完了=Wearerunningoutofpetrol.我們快把汽油用完了。Ourtimeisrunningout.我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。=Wearerunningoutoftime19.takeafter(在外貌、性格等方面)與(父母等)相像besimilarto與..相像takeafter相像lookafter照顧takecareof照顧20.workoutv.+adj.①結(jié)局，結(jié)果為Thestrategiesthathecameupwithworkedoutfine.他提出的這個(gè)策略效果很好。②算出，制訂出，消耗完（精力等）Heneverseemstobeworkedout.他好像永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)疲乏似的。Heworkedoutaplan.他制訂了一個(gè)計(jì)劃。Ihaveworkedoutourtotalexpenses.我已經(jīng)算出了我們總的費(fèi)用。21.hangout閑蕩閑逛Iliketohangoutatmallwithmyfriends.我喜歡和我的朋友一起去購物中心閑蕩。22.beabletodo能會(huì)beunabletodo不能不會(huì)23.thankyoufordoing謝謝做某事如：thankyouforhelpingme謝謝做幫助我24.forsure確實(shí)如此，毫無疑問Youdon’thavemoney.That’sforsure.你沒有錢，這是毫無疑問的。25.fill…with…使…充滿…用…填充…Shefilledthebowlwithwater.她用水填滿碗。26.likeprep.像…27.helpsb.out幫助…做事，解決難題(擺脫困境)Ican’tworkoutthismathproblem.Pleasehelpmeout.我不能算出這道數(shù)學(xué)問題，請(qǐng)你幫我解決。28.trainn.火車trainv.訓(xùn)練trainsb.todo.訓(xùn)練某人做某事Shetrainsherdogtofetchthings.她訓(xùn)練她的狗去取東西。29.atonce==rightaway立刻馬上如：Doitatonce.馬上去做。I’llgothereatonce/rightaway.我馬上去那里。30.oneday有一天(指將來/過去)someday有一天(指將來)如：OnedayIwenttoBeijing.有一天我去了北京。SomedayI’llgotoBeijing.有一天我將去北京。31.speciallyadv.特意地專門地特別地specialadj.特別的32.donationn.捐贈(zèng)物donatev.捐贈(zèng)贈(zèng)送33.partofspeech詞性詞類34.disabledadj.肢體有殘疾的disablev.不能35.handout分發(fā)handoutbananasgiveout分發(fā)giveoutsthtosb.分….給某人giveupdoing放棄…giveupsmoking放棄吸煙giveaway贈(zèng)送捐贈(zèng)giveawaysth.to….giveawaymoneytokidsgivesb.sth.給某人某東西givememoney給我錢givesth.tosb.給某人某東西givemoneytome給我線36.volunteer①可數(shù)名詞“志愿者”②adj.自愿的

vi.volunteertodosthTheyaretheChinesePeople’sVolunteers.他們是中國人民志愿軍。Ivolunteertohelpyou.我自愿幫助你。

37.nolonger=not…anylonger指時(shí)間上不再延續(xù)。nomore=not…anymore指動(dòng)作上不再延續(xù)。二．短語1.cleanup清掃2.giveout分發(fā)，發(fā)放3.cheerup=make…h(huán)appier使...高興，使...振作4.afterschoolstudyprogram課外學(xué)習(xí)班5.comeupwith=thinkup提出，想出6.putoff推遲7.writedown寫下，記下8.putup張貼9.handout分發(fā)，發(fā)放10.callup打電話11.serup=establish建立12.behometosb是某人的家園13.volunteerone’stimetodosth自愿花時(shí)間干...14.put…touse…把...投入使用15.elementaryschool小學(xué)16.plantodosth計(jì)劃干...打算干17.coachafootballteamforkids訓(xùn)練少年足球隊(duì)18.startaChineseHistoryclub開辦一個(gè)中國史俱樂部19.runoutof用完，耗盡20.takeafter在性格或長相方面與父母相象21.fixup修理22.giveaway捐贈(zèng)23.besimilarto與...相似24.askfor索要25.acall-incenterforparents家長熱線26.hangout閑蕩27.putupsignsaskingforsingingjobs張貼尋求唱歌工作的廣告28.runoutofmoneyforsinginglessons學(xué)唱歌的錢用完了29.disabledpeople殘疾人30.forsure確實(shí)如此，毫無疑問31.fill…with...用...填充...befullof裝滿了...32.help...out幫助...做事，解決難題（擺脫困境）33.aspeciallytraineddog一只經(jīng)過特殊訓(xùn)練的狗34.trainsbtodosth訓(xùn)練某人干...35.fetchmybook把我的書拿來36.partofspeech詞性三．句子1．Wecan’tputoffmakingaplan.Clean-upDayisonlytwoweeksfromnow.我們不能推遲制訂計(jì)劃，清潔日離現(xiàn)在只有兩周了。2．Sheputsthislovetogoodusebyworkingintheafter-schoolcarecentreatherlocalelementaryschool.她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰W(xué)的課后輔導(dǎo)中心工作，使這個(gè)愛好得到較好的利用3．NotonlydoIfeelgoodabouthelpingotherpeople,butIgettospendtimedoingwhatIlovetodo.幫助別人不但自己感到快樂，而且我開始花時(shí)間做自己喜歡做的事了。4．Thethreestudentsplantosetupastudentvolunteerprojectatheirschool.這三個(gè)學(xué)生計(jì)劃在他們校開展一個(gè)學(xué)生志愿者項(xiàng)目。5.Healsoputupsomesignaskingforoldbikes.他還貼了一些需求舊自行車的告。6.Thestrategiesthathecameupwithworkedoutfine.幾米想出的這個(gè)辦法很效。7．Hedidaradiointerview.他接受了電臺(tái)的采訪。8．Weneedtocomeupwithaplan.我們需要指定一個(gè)計(jì)劃。9．Youcouldhelpcleanupthecityparks.你可以幫助打掃城市公園。10．Henowhassixteenbikestofixupandgiveawaytochildrenwhodon’thavebikes.他現(xiàn)在有16輛要修理的自行車，并準(zhǔn)備把這些修好的自行車贈(zèng)送給那些沒有自行車的孩子。Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?一．重要詞組及短語1.couldyoupleasedosth.?你能……嗎？/請(qǐng)你干……好嗎？

2.dothechores做雜務(wù)

3.dothedishes洗餐具4.sweepthefloor清掃地板

5.takeoutthetrash倒垃圾

6.makeone'sbed鋪床

7.foldone'sclothes疊衣服

8.cleanthelivingroom清掃客廳

9.stayoutlate晚歸

10.comeover過來

11.haveatest考試

12.getaride搭車

13.useone'scomputer使用某人的電腦

14.hatesth./hatetodosth./hatedoingsth.討厭某事/做某事

liketodo(doing)sth.15.dothelaundry=dosomewashing=washclothes洗衣服

16.makebreakfast/makedinner=dosomecooking做飯

17.washthecar刷車

18.workon從事，忙于

workat學(xué)習(xí)、致力于、在……上下工夫

19.borrowsomemoney借一些錢

borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物(借入)

lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.借給某人某物(借出)

Youcanborrowsomemoneyfromyourbrother.

你可以向你哥哥借些錢。

Canyoulendmeyourbike?

你能借給我你的自行車嗎？

20.invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事

Theyinvitedmetojointheirclub.他們邀請(qǐng)我參加俱樂部。

invitesbtoaplace

inviteyoutomyparty

21.gotothestore去商店

22.agreesb.todosth.同意某人做某事

agreewithsb.同意某人的意見

disagreesb.todosth.不同意某人做某事

disagreewithsb.不同意某人的意見

23.takecareof=lookafter照顧、照看、照料

takegoodcareof=lookafter…well把……照管得好

26.takesb.forawalk帶某人去散步

27.playwithsb.和某人玩

28.forgettodosth.忘記去做某事(未做)

forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(做過)（1）do,make短語歸類

dothedishes洗餐具

domyhomework做我的家庭作業(yè)

dochores做家務(wù)，處理瑣事

dothelaundry洗衣

dotheshopping購物

dosomereading讀書

makeyourbed鋪床

makebreakfast做早餐

makedinner做晚飯

maketea泡茶，沏茶

makeacupofcoffee沖一杯咖啡（2）關(guān)于to的短語總結(jié)：

havetodosth.

不得不，必須做某事

needtodosth.

需要做某事

hatetodosth.討厭做某事

liketodosth.喜歡做某事

wanttodosth.想做某事

lovetodosth.熱愛做某事

forgettodosth.忘記做某事

starttodosth.開始做某事

begintodosth.開始做某事

asksbtodosth.請(qǐng)某人做某事二．重點(diǎn)句型

1.Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?

Yes,sure./Sorry,Ican't.Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.

2.CouldIpleaseusethecar?

Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse.

/

No,youcan't.Ihavetogoout.

在表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許的疑問句中，常用could代替can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語氣，而can則不具備這些語氣。這種情況下不能把could看作can的過去式。以上兩句中用could是為了表示禮貌的請(qǐng)求。表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，除了can,could之外，還可以用may，句子的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來表示同一個(gè)概念。例：

Could/Can/MayIuseyourcarforaday?

作允答可以各種各樣：

如同意可以說Yes，或Sure或Certainly，還可說Yes,(do)please.或Ofcourse.(youmay/can).或That'sOK/allright.

如果不同意，可以說I'msorryyoucan't.或I'mreallysorry,butIhavetouseittoday.要避免說No,youcan't.這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語氣。Unit4.Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?一.重要詞匯和句型1.get(1)買getsth.forsb.==getsb.sth.為某人買某物Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?==Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?(2)得到,到達(dá)Wheredidyougetthebook?Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.(3)使,讓get+賓語+賓補(bǔ)使某人\某物怎么樣Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.getsb.todosth.使某人\某物做某事IgothimtocallJimyesterday.(4)(逐漸)變得…Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.Whydidtheteachergetangry?2.howabout\whatabout后跟名詞\代詞\動(dòng)詞ing形式。(1)向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請(qǐng)求Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat?(2)向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖娀蚩捶℉owabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?(3)詢問天氣或身體情況HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?(4)談話中承接上下文I’mfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?I’mfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?3.receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.receivealetterfrom==getaletterfrom==heardfrom收到某人的信IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.==IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.==IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.accept接受Hecouldn’tacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.Hedidn’treceiveagoodeducationatuniversity.Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.4.a6--year–oldchild一個(gè)六歲的孩子6--year–old是由“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,作前置定語,修飾后面的名詞child.數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式：afive-year-oldgirl一個(gè)五歲的女孩asix-foot-deephole一個(gè)六英尺深的洞atwo-meter-longruler一把兩米長的尺子a100-meterrace一場(chǎng)百米賽跑aten-story-highbuilding一棟十層高的樓房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典5.too…to…太……而不能……too后跟形容詞或副詞原形,to后跟動(dòng)詞原形,構(gòu)成不定式.句子的主語與動(dòng)詞不定的主語不一時(shí),可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前加邏輯主語forsb.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy(軍隊(duì)).Themathsproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.表示否定意義的never\not和too…to…連用時(shí)表達(dá)肯定一樣.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.too…to…可以與enoughto和so…that…轉(zhuǎn)換.與enoughto轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí),enough前的形容詞,副詞必須是too后面形容詞,副詞的反義詞,并使用其否定句式.Sheistooyoungtodothework.==sheisn’toldenoughtodothework.與so…that…轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí),that后面的從句要用否定形式.Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.==Tomissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfarther.6.cost1)動(dòng)詞,花費(fèi)\價(jià)值(多少錢)Howmuchdiditcost?Ididn’tbuyitbecauseitcosttoomuch.Themealcostusabout100yuan.(2)名詞,成本,費(fèi)用,價(jià)錢.atallcosts不惜任何代價(jià);atthecostof以……為代價(jià).Livingcostsarehigherincitiesthanthatinthecountry.Wemuststopitatallcosts.Aftertheearthquake,thesoldierstriedtoreachtheareaatthecostoftheirlives.7.pay,spend,cost,take的區(qū)別pay花費(fèi)(多少錢),主語是人.Sb.paysomemoneyforsth.Ipaid5000yuanforthecomputerlastweek.Spend花費(fèi)(多少錢或時(shí)間),主語是人.Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.Sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.Ispent5000yuanonthecomputerlastweek.Shespent2hours(in)doingherhomework.cost花費(fèi)(多少錢),主語是物.Sth.costsb.somemoney.Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.take花費(fèi)(時(shí)間),Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事?IttookLiuHong2hourstodoherhomework.Ittakesme10minutestowalktoschoolfromhome.Itwilltakethem6monthstobuildthebuilding.Howlongdoesittakehimtoplantthetrees?8.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleepsleep動(dòng)詞,睡覺,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作.Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.Hesleptfor12hoursyesterday.sleeping,Sleep的現(xiàn)在分詞,表示“正在睡覺”Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.Theywokeupthesleepinggirlandaskedherwhereherparentswere.sleepy想睡覺的,困倦的.Iamalittlesleepy.I’dliketogotobed.asleep睡著了的.TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?Thebabyisasleep.fallasleep強(qiáng)調(diào)從沒有睡著到睡著的過程,不能接一段時(shí)間Icouldn’tfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelastnight.Helistenedtomusicandfellasleep.beasleep表示睡著后的狀態(tài),“睡著了”,可以接一段時(shí)間.Hewasasleepforthreehours.9.choose動(dòng)詞,“選擇,挑選”,過去式chose,過去分詞chosenchoosetodosth.選擇做某事can’tChoosebut只得……pickandchoose挑挑揀揀Therearemanybookstochoosefrom.Wechoosemikeasourleader(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)).Willyouhelpmechooseadictionary?Everyonecan’tchoosebutobey(服從).It’sherhabit(習(xí)慣)topickandchoosewhileshopping.10.

present(1)禮物,禮品==giftWhynotgivehimacardasapresent?whatcanIgethimforabirthdaypresent?(2)目前,現(xiàn)在I’msorryheisoutatpresent.Youhavetoforgetthepastandstartlivinginthepresent.11.open(1)動(dòng)詞,打開,開業(yè),開張,展現(xiàn)It’snotrighttoopenotherpeople’sletters.Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?Thedooropenstothesouth.Thisfactoryopenedin1998.(2)形容詞,beopen開著的,開放的Inhisdreamtheflowersareallopen.Mostshopsareclosedbutseveralarestillopen.Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.close動(dòng)詞,關(guān)閉,關(guān)上,合上Pleaseclosethedoortokeepthecoldout.closed形容詞,beclosed關(guān)著的,關(guān)閉的whenwegottotheshopitwasclosed.12.giveaway贈(zèng)送,分發(fā)giveawaysthtosbAuntWanggaveawaythecandies(糖果)tothekids.Johngaveawayhisnotebooktome.其它短語giveup放棄giveback歸還giveoff放出,發(fā)出(氣味)givesthtosb==givesb.sth.把某物給某人13.ratherthan而不是……后面跟名詞,代詞,從句Thecolorseemsgreenratherthanblue.Ifyouranratherthanwalked,youwouldhavearrivedearlier.Wedependonyouratherthanonhim.Youshouldhelpthemratherthantheyshouldhelpyou.prefertodosthratherthandosth.寧愿……,也不……Shepreferredtostayathomeratherthangowithus.Hepreferredtolistentomusicratherthanplaygames.Wouldratherdosththandosth.寧愿……,也不……Hewouldratherplaythanwork.Iwouldrathertaketheslowesttrainthangotherebyair.14.instead(1)位于句首,表示“反而,相反”Ididn’tgotothecinemalastnight.instead,IwatchedafootballmatchonTV.Theboydidn’tsingtothemusic.Instead,hesanghisownway.(2)位于句尾,表示“作為代替,而是”Mrsmithwasill,somrgreenwastakinghisclassinstead.Idon’tlikethisone,pleasegivemethatinstead.insteadof后跟名詞,代詞,動(dòng)名詞,介詞短語.表示“代替,而不是”Ihavecomeinsteadofmybrother.Heisill.Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator(電梯).Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.15.enter(1)參加==takepartin\joinMorethanonethousandsportsmenentered\tookpartinthegames.Mybrotherhopestoenter\jointhearmynextyear.(2)進(jìn)入==comeinto\gointoSheentered\cameintotheroomwiththesewords.Didyouseesomeoneenter\gointothehouse?16.encourage動(dòng)詞,鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì)encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事Parentsshouldencouragechildrentodothingsbythemselves.OurEnglishteacherencouragesustokeepadairyinEnglish.17.progress名詞,“進(jìn)步,進(jìn)展”makeprogress“取得進(jìn)步,取得進(jìn)展”Myparentsarepleasedwithmyprogressinlessons.Tomisnowmakingmuch\greatprogressatschool.Theymadenoprogressintheheavysnow.18.suggest動(dòng)詞,建議,提議.后跟名詞,代詞,動(dòng)名詞和從句shesuggestedawayoutofthedifficulty.hesuggestedgoinghome.whosuggestedyoustayinghere?Isuggestedwe(should)holdameeting.19.takeaninterestin(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事感興趣否定表達(dá)是takenointerestin(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事不感興趣DoyoutakeaninterestinEnglish?Mostchildrentakeaninterestinplayingcomputergames.Hetakesnointerestinplayingbasketball.be\becomeinterestedin(doing)sth對(duì)(做)某事感興趣I’mdeeplyinterestedinswimming.Shebecameinterestedinsingingwhenshewasonly7yearsold.20.ThreegoodwaysofimprovingEnglisharementioned.提到了三種提高英語的好方法.ofimprovingEnglish是介詞短語作定語修飾ways.它相當(dāng)與動(dòng)詞不定式.ThreegoodwaysofimprovingEnglisharementioned.===ThreegoodwaystoimproveEnglisharementioned.Canyoufindawaytoworkouttheproblem?==Canyoufindawayofworkingouttheproblem?Fastisanotherwayofsayingquick.==Fastisanotherwaytosayquick.Mention(1)動(dòng)詞,“提到,提及,說起”asmentionedabove如上所述Heoftenmentionedhispasttome.Nobodymentionedanythingtomeaboutit.Didshementionwhereshewasgoing?Youmentionedinyourletterthatyoumightbemovingabroad.Asmentionedabove,therearemanygoodwaystolearnEnglishwell.(2)名詞,“提及,說起”Thenewspapermadenomentionofhim.21.makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友Wouldyouliketomakefriendswithus?IfinditdifficulttomakefriendswithBen.二.形容詞、副詞一、形容詞（一）形容詞的含義：表示人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的詞叫形容詞。（二）形容詞的用法及位置：1．作定語，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。Thenicegirlismysister.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.少數(shù)形容只能作表語不能作定語：alone,afraid,ill,asleep,awake,alive,well。3.作表語，放在系動(dòng)詞之后。Helookshappy.4.作賓語補(bǔ)足語，放在賓語之后，常與make,leave,keep等動(dòng)詞連用。Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.5.某些形容詞放在定冠詞the之后，表示一類人。常見的詞有：good,bad,rich,poor,young,old,deaf,blind,black,white,living,dead。Theyoungshouldbepolitetotheold.Pleasedon’tlaughatthepoor.6.某些表示情感的表語形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式（to+動(dòng)詞原形）：glad,happy,pleased be sorry,sad,sure,kind+todosth. ready,afraid,able easy,difficult(三)形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：1．規(guī)則變化（1）一般情況，直接在詞尾加er\est。(2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾時(shí)，加r\st。（3）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時(shí)，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er\est。(4)部分形容詞，先雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加er\est。big,hot,fat,thin,red,(5)部分形容詞，在前面加more\most。beautiful,careful,important,delicious,difficult,dangerous(6)以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞，在前面加more\most。friendly(友好的),lonely（孤獨(dú)的）,lovely（可愛的）Likely（有希望的）,daily（日常的）,lively（有生氣的）2.不規(guī)則變化good\well---better---bestmany\much---more---mostbad\ill---worse---