2021屆高考英語“中國元素”之閱讀理解 中國科技

2021屆高考英語“中國元素”之閱讀理解中國科技（一） .Today,Chinahasconducteditsfirst3Dprintingexperimentinspaceinanewly-launchedspacecraft,whichwasputintolow-EarthorbitbyChina’sLongMarch5Bheavyliftcarrierrocket.VideobroadcastonCCTVshowedthattheprinterhasprintedaflatsectionofahoneycomb-shaped（蜂巢狀的）structureaswellasasymbolofChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorp,theparentcompanyoftheChinaAcademyofSpaceTechnology.Theexperimentwasdonebya3Dprinter,developedandbuiltbyitsBeijingSpacecraftsManufacturingFactoryinsidetheprototypeofChina’snew-generationmannedspacecraft.Theprinter,namedtheSpace-BasedCompositeMaterial3DPrintingSystem,usescarbonfiber-reinforcedmaterialstoautonomouslyprintobjects.Itisinstalledinthere-entrymoduleoftheexperimentalspaceship,andwillbebroughtbacktoEarthoncethemodulereturns.Theprinterfeaturesadvancedtechnologiesinmaterialmodeling,precisioncontrolandautomation.Oncethespace-based3Dprintingtechnologybecomesoperationallyready?itcanextensivelybenefitspaceprogramsasastronautscanuseittomanufacturealotofthingstheycurrentlyneedtoobtainfromresupplyflightsbycargospacecraft.WangYanan,editor-in-chiefoftheAerospaceKnowledgemagazine,saidthe3Dprinterwillbeveryusefulinextendedspacemissions,suchasthoseinaspacestation,becauseitwillallowastronautstomakecomponentsquicklyandconvenientlyinspace.Thetechnologywillsavefuturespacejourneysconsiderableresourcesandcosts.Infact,thedeviceisnottheonlyrepresentativeof3Dprintingonboardtheprototype.ACubeSatdeployer,designedandmadethrough3DprintingbyCoSatsSpaceTechnology,isalsocarriedbythespacecrafttochecktheadaptabilityof3D-printedequipmentinspace.CoSatsChiefOperatingOfficerBaiRuixuesaidthe3D-printeddeployerismuchlighterandstrongerthanitscounterpartsanditwillhavehugepotentialinthespaceindustry.1.WhatdidthevideobroadcastonCCTVshowtotheaudience?A.Thenameandtheshapeofthe3Dprinting.B.Thesignificanceofthe3Dprintingtechnology.C.Theprocessandtheproductsofthe3Dprinting.D.Therelationshipbetweenthetwocompanies..Whatifacomponentisbrokeninthespacestationinthefuture?A.Theastronautscanmakeoneusing3Dprintingandreplaceit.B.ItwillbesentbyspaceshipbacktoEarthforrepair.C.Itwillbeunloadedandabandonedinspace.D.Theastronautscanfixitconvenientlybyhandonthespot..WhatisBaiRuixue'sattitudetothefutureof3Dprintinginspace?A.Negative. B.Positive. C.Indifferent. D.Critical..Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.3DPrintingSettoHelpEaseSpaceTrips.3DPrinting—aNewWaytoExploreSpaceC.3DPrintingLaunchedbyLongMarch5BD.3DPrintingExperimentConductedinSpace二、China'sspaceindustryispreparingtolaunchtheworld'sfirstartificialmoontohelpwithurbanillumination（照明）atnight.ChinaplanstoputanartificialmooninorbitaboveChengdu,capitalofSichuanProvince,fromtheXichangSatelliteLaunchCenterinSichuanby2020.Ifthelaunchprovessuccessful,threemoresuchobjectswillbelaunchedin2022.Theartificialmoonwillhaveareflectivecoatingthatcanturnsunlightbacktotheearth,similartohowthemoonshines.Theman-mademoonisessentiallyanilluminationsatellitedesignedtocomplementthemoonatnight,thoughitispredictedtobeeighttimesbrighter.Thisisduetotheobject'splannedorbitabout500kilometersabovetheearth—muchcloserthanthe380,000-kmdistancetothemoon.Thelocationandbrightnessofthelightbeamcanbechanged,anditscoverageaccuracycanfallwithinafewdozenmeters.Theartificialmoonmightreplacesomestreetlightsintheurbanarea.Meanwhile,theextralightcanshineintodisasterzonesduringblackouts,thusaidingreliefandrescueefforts.Themirrorscanbeadjustedforluminosity（光度）,andcanbecompletelyturnedoffwhenneeded.However,lesslightfromitwillreachthegroundiftheskyisdarkwithclouds.Thefirstmoonwillbemostlyexperimental,butthethreemoonsin2022willbetherealdealwithgreatcommercialpotential.Thethreenewman-mademoonscantaketurnsreflectingsunlightastheywillnotalwaysbeinthebestpositionrelativetothesun,andtogethertheycanilluminateanareaofaround3,600to6,400km2ontheearthfor24hoursifdesired.Russia,theUnitedStates,JapanandEuropeancountriesarealllookingtocapitalizeonharnessingenergyfromspace,andreflectingmirrorshavebeeninthediscussionforsometime.1.Whatiftheman-mademoonislaunchedby2020?Thereareovertwomoonshanginginthesky.Somepowerwillbesavedanditisagreenlifestyle.Itisthefirstman-madeobjectthatorbitsinspace.Somesunlightwillbeblockedbackinaway..Whatdoestheunderlinedword"complement"inParagraph2mean?A.Makeupfor.B.Takeadvantageof.C.Keepupwith.D.Teamupwith..Whatisthedisadvantageoftheman-mademoon?A.Itislikelytoshineblindinglyontheearth. B.Itwillorbitabovetooclosetotheearth.C.Itwillreflectthesunshineduringtheday. D.Itislikelytoworkpoorlyonacloudyday..Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothe4thand5thparagraphs?Thefirstman-mademoonhasaslimchanceofsuccess.Man-mademoonswillhaveabrightmarketinthefuture.Manycountrieshavealreadyinventedsimilarobjects.Itistoughtofixthepositionoftheman-mademoon.三、Afacialrecognitionapp,recentlydevelopedbyscientists,willmakeiteasiertoidentifypandas.WanYongqing,aBeijingphotographer,visitsSichuanProvincetotakephotosofpandaseveryotheryear.Hehaswatchedthemformorethanadecade."MyfriendssayI'mabigpandafan.ItisashamethatIfindallpandaslookthesame,withblackeyesandwhitefur.Itdoesnotmatterasallthepandasarecutetome,"hesaid.Yet,identifyingonepandafromanotherdoesmattertoresearchers,accordingtoZhangZhihe,chiefoftheChengdupandaresearchbase."Identifyingindividualpandasisimportantforconservationmanagementandresearch.Forcaptive（被圈養(yǎng)的）pandas,itisimportantfortheirdailyfeedingschedules,familybackground高中anddatamanagement.Forwildpandas,ithelpsresearchersstudytheirpopulationstructureandprovidesscientificsupportfortheirprotectionandmanagement,"hesaid.Chinahascarriedoutfourscientificsurveysonwildpandas,andnowhasabigdatabankaboutthem.ThenumberofwildpandasinChinaismostlyknown.However,itisstilldifficulttodeterminetheage,sex,healthandotherspecificinformationaboutthepopulation."It'sdifficulttotrackandwatchthestructurebecausewildpandastendtolivealone,deepinthemountains,andtheirlivingenvironmentisvast,"Zhangadded.In2017,theChengdubasebeganresearchingindividualpandaidentificationtechnologybyanalyzingimages.Overthepasttwoyears,theyhavebuiltadatabankofmorethan120,000images,over1,000videoclips,andcompletedorganizingnearly10,000images.Usingthedatabank,researchershavestartedafacialrecognitionappthatcanaccuratelyrecognizecaptivepandasbyanalyzingandcomparingtheuniquefeaturesofpandafaces.PandaresearchershopethedataandAItechnologywillhelpthemanalyzedataforbothcaptiveandwildpandas..Whyisitimportanttoidentifyindividualcaptivepandas?A.Itisusefulforstudyingtheirpopulationstructure.B.Ithelpsresearchersbuilduptheirlivingenvironment.C.Itprovidesproofthattheyneedprotectioninthewild.D.Itishelpfulforfurtherresearchanddatamanagement.?.Whichofthefollowingisnotareasonwhyit’sdifficulttotrackandwatchwildpandas?A.Theylivealone.B.Theydon'tleaveenoughtracks.C.Theyliveindeepmountains.D.Theirlivingenvironmentisvast..Whatisstillhardtofindoutforwildpandas?A.Theirlivingenvironment.B.Theirage,sex,healthandpopulationinformation.C.Theirfeedingschedules,familybackgroundandmanagement.D.Thereasonandresearchupontheirblackeyesandwhitefur..Whatisnecessaryforthefacialrecognitionapptoworkwell?A.Thedatabankofpandas. B.Thestructureofpandas.C.TheinventionofAItechnology. D.Theuniquefeaturesofpandafaces.四、AlthoughlifeonEarthwaschaoticin2020,wecanstilllooktothestarsfornewhopein2021.Lastyear,Japan’sHayabusa2returnedwithseveralgramsofsamplesfromtheasteroid（小行星）Ryugu.Chinaalsobroughtbacksomelunarsoilandrockswithinamonth.Meanwhile,NASAteamedupwithSpaceXtosendtwomentotheInternationalSpaceStation.Despitethepandemic,2020hasbeenabusyyearforspace,and2021lookstobebusier.Threeshuttleslaunchedin2020areontheirwaytotheredplanet,Mars.TheUnitedArabEmirates’MarsHope,thenation’sfirstmissiontotheredplanet,isduetoarriveinFebruary.China’sTianwen-1missionisalsoexpectedtoarriveinmid-February,makingChinathesecondcountrytosoft-landaspacecratfontheMartiansurface.Finally,NASA’sMarsPerseverancefromtheUSAlaunchedin2020willlikelybethethirdcrafttoreachMars-alsoinFebruary,accordingtoArsTechnica.Aftermanydelays,theJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeisplanningtolaunchonHalloweenonaEuropeanAriane5rocket.Afterthelaunch,itssunshieldandmirrorwillbeputtogetherandfinishedovertwoweeks.TheWebbtelescopewillfindthefirstgalaxiesthatformedintheearlyuniverseandseestarsformingplanetarysystemsthroughdustyclouds,accordingtoNASA.Chinawillalsobeginthefirststepstowardbuildingthecountry’sfirstspacestation.Withinthefirsthalfoftheyear,Chinawilllaunchthecoremodule（組件）TianheonaLongMarch5Brocket.ThismodulewillincluderoomsforChineseastronautsandvisitorstothestation.Fuelandsupplymissionswillfollowtheinitiallaunch,andtwoexperimentmoduleswilljointhestationin2022.Withsomuchmorehumanactivityinspace,orbitaldebris（殘?。﹊sbecomingmoreofaconcern.Tothatend,Astroscale’sELSA-dmissionisthefirststeptowardcommercialdebrisremovalasitwillattempttomovedeadsatellitesandremovespacejunk.2021willbeayearofscience“thelikesofwhichwe’verarelyseen,”accordingtoThomasZurbuchen,associateadministratoratNASA.1.WhichcraftwillbethethirdtoreachMarsinFebruary?A.American’sMarsPerseverance.B.Japan’sHayabusa2.C.China’sTianwen-1.D.TheUnitedArabEmirates’MarsHope..WhatwilltheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopedo?A.Itwillrecordthestructureoftheuniverse.B.Itwillremovehiddendustyclouds.C.Itwillsearchforlifeinplanetarysystems.D.Itwillhelppeoplestudythefirstgalaxies..WhatcanbeinferredaboutChina’sspaceprogram?A.ChinawillbethefirsttobuildaspacestationonMars.B.Chinaisplanningtobringvisitorstoitsspacestation.C.Chinawillhavetwomodulesatthespacestationin2022.D.ChinawillsendsuppliesduringthelaunchofTianhe.4.Whatinspaceworriespeople?A.Growinghumanactivities.B.Returnofdeadsatellites.C.Commercializationofspacemissions.D.Spacedebrisfrommissions.五、SalesofApple’snewiPhone11inChinabeganonFriday,butweremetwithacoolerreceptionfromconsumersthaninpreviousyears.Unlikeinpreviousyears,nolonglineswereseenoutsideChineseshopsonFridayforthenewiPhone,andtheproductreleaseonlymadetheheadlinesinafewmediaoutlets.Huaweiunveiled（公布）itsMate30smartphoneseriesonThursdaynight.Itsnewdeviceshavewonconsumers’heartsathomeandabroad.ManycompareditwithApple’snewiPhone11,sayingthatbeatsthenewiPhoneintermsofinnovationandquality.OnecustomersurnamedZhao,anITspecialistwhopre-orderedaMate30ProonFriday,saidthathechoseMate30withouthesitation.Zhaosaid,“It’sobviousthatHuawei’snewphonewithitsadvanced5Gmodewouldleadthefutureglobaltelecommunicationsmarket,anditsnewinnovativefeaturesin高中g(shù)estureandsidecontrolattractedmyattention,too.”IncontrastwithiPhone11'slukewarm（冷淡的）sales,ChinesenetizenshaveengagedindiscussionsonMate30andMate30Pro.AnonlinepollontheMate30andiPhone11onWeiboonFridayshowedthatmorethan60percentofnetizenschosetheMate30,whilelessthan20percentchosetheiPhone11.ManychoseHuaweinotoutofpatriotismbutforitstechnology.OverseasconsumersalsoengagedinvigorousdiscussionsonHuawei’snewflagshipdevicesontechnologysitesandsocialmediaplatforms.OnTwitter,manynetizenssaid“nice”,“bestphoneever”and“myfavoriteone”onHuawei’sTwitteraccount.SomenetizensincountriesliketheUK,theNetherlandsandArgentinaaskedwhenHuawei’snewdeviceswouldbereleasedintheircountries.1.HowdidcustomersreacttoApple’snewproduct?A.Theythoughtitwascooltouseit.B.Theystoodinlonglinestopurchaseit.C.Theythoughtitsqualitywasworsethanbefore.D.Theywerelessinterestedinitthanformeryears.2.InwhataspectisMatebetterthaniPhone11accordingtoparagraph2?A.Thepriceandtheweight.B.Theappearanceandthespeed.C.Thequalityandinnovation.D.Theservicelifeandfunction..Whatdoestheunderlinedword“poll”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Store. B.Vote. C.Account. D.Exam..Themainideaofthispassagemaybe .A.ANewEra—5G B.HuaweiIsBetterthanAppleC.Apple’sNewiPhone11 D.Huawei’sMate30DefeatsiPhone11六、China'shistoric23-dayChang'e5missionhasnotonlyobtainedpreciousrockandsoilsamplesfromthemoon,buthasalsobroughtbackagroupofseedsthattraveledthefurthestinthenation'sagriculturalandforestryhistories.Morethan30kindsofseeds,includingthatofrice,oatsetc.,wereplacedinsidethemulti-moduleChang'e5spacecraftandorbitedaroundthemoonforabout15days.Scientistswishedtocheckwhatwouldhappentotheseedsafterbeingexposedtoextraterrestrial（地外的）forcesinlunarorbitandalsohopedthattheycoulddevelopbeneficialmutations（突變）.Thismissionofferedgoodopportunitiestoscientists,whichenabledthemtodeepentheirstudiesontheeffectofcosmicraysonthegrowthandevolutionoflifeonEarth.Space-basedmutationbreedingreferstotheprocessofexposingseedstoforcessuchasmicrogravity,vacuumsandcosmicradiationduringaspaceflightandthensendingthembacktoEarthforfurtherobservationandplanting.Researchersobserveandexamineseveralgenerationsofplantsgrownfromspace-bredseedsandinvestigatetheirmutations-somearepositiveanddesirablewhileothersarenegative.Thosewithpositivemutationswillbekeptandanalyzed,andwillbeintroducedtofarmersaftertheircertificationandapproval.Spacebreedingcangeneratemutationsfasterandmoreconvenientlythanground-basedexperimentsandcanbringaboutsomedesirabletraitsthatareotherwisehardtointroduce.Comparedwithnaturalorconventionallybredtypesofplants,space-developedversionswithpositivemutationsusuallyfeaturehighernutritionalcontent,greaterannualyields,shortergrowthperiodsandbetterresistancetodiseasesandinsectpests.Chinaconducteditsfirstspacebreedingexperimentin1987,usingasatellitetocarryseedsintospace.Sincethen,hundredsofkindsofseedsandseedlingshavetraveledwithdozensofChinesespaceships.Spacebreedinghashelpedtoproducemorethan200newtypesofmutatedplantsinChinathathavebeenapprovedforlarge-scalecultivation,rangingfromgrainstovegetablesandfruits.TheChang'e5roboticmissionreturned1,731gramsoflunarrockandsoiltoEarth,markingahistoricaccomplishment44yearsafterthelastlunarsubstancesweretakenback..WhyweretheseedsplacedinsideChang'e5?A.Topickoutthefittestformutations.B.Tounderstandextraterrestrialforces.C.Tostudytheintensityofcosmicrays.D.Toexposethemtoaspecialenvironment..Whatdoweknowaboutspace-basedmutationbreeding?A.Itisnotatime-consumingprocess.B.Mutationsdevelopinarandomway.C.Itoftenbringsaboutdesirableeffects.D.Approvalwillbegrantedtomutatedplants..Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisacustomtoputseedlingsonaspacecraft.B.Chinawasthefirsttodoaspacebreedingexperiment.C.Itissometimesinceseedswerelasttakenintospace.D.Spacebreedinghasbroughtuscommercialbenefits..Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Space-bredSeedsOfferGreatChances.Chang’e5ReturnswithaBigPackageC.PlantMutationsResultinaBetterLifeD.SeedsfromSpaceMarkaNewHistory答案以及解析一、答案：1.C;2.A;3.B;4.A二、答案：1-4BADB解析：1.根據(jù)第一段中的"launchtheworld'sfirstartificialmoon"可知，這是世界上第一個人造月亮，故排除A項；C項中的"firstman-madeobject"與原文不符；根據(jù)第一段中的"…h(huán)elpwithurbanillumination（照明）atnight.ChinaplanstoputanartificialmooninorbitaboveChengdu..."可知，這個月亮是給成都市區(qū)以及周圍提供照明，由此可知，這樣做可以節(jié)約用電，是一種環(huán)保方式。故正確答案為B。.根據(jù)下文"...itispredictedtobeeighttimesbrighter."和"Theartificialmoonmightreplacesomestreetlightsintheurbanarea."可知，這顆人造月亮是作為光源來使用，是讓其彌補沒有月亮出來的夜晚。故正確答案為A。.根據(jù)第三段中的"However，lesslightfromitwillreachthegroundiftheskyisdarkwithclouds."可知，如果天空烏云密布，那么人造月亮照射到地面的光線就會減少。故正確答案為D。.根據(jù)第四段中的"...thethreemoonsin2022willbetherealdealwithgreatcommercialpotential."可知，2022年的三個人造月亮將會具有巨大商業(yè)潛力；最后一段中談到俄羅斯、美國、日本