高考英語一輪高考題組訓練專題十六信息還原題

專題十六信息還原題Passage1(2016北京)TheScienceofRiskSeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.1Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.

Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risktakerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.2Asthequalityofrisktakingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.

Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisktakingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstayinthecavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.3

Nomatterwhereyouareontheriskseekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.4Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.

5Fortheriskseekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebeesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbeesactive.

Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofriskseeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewellequippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.Passage2(2015北京)ThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy.1Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.

Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.2Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinventions?

Sohowcanyoueupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwiselookinglikeafool?First,understandthatsomeopportunities(機會)fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.3Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou’redaydreaming,trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertask—preferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.

It’salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.“Mindfulness”,beingfocused,isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep.4

Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.5

Alwaysrememberthatyourbestideasmightewhenyourheadisactuallyintheclouds.A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B.Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.C.Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn’thaverelativity,CokeorPostitnotes.D.Atonetime,daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.E.Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforselfcontrolthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.F.Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.G.Therefore,it’sagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyou’reinthedaydreamzone.Passage3(2014北京)EvaluatingSources(來源)ofHealthInformationMakinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinion,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.1

Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.2

Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoute;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.3Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.

Useyourmonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.4Evaluate“scientific”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery(江湖騙術).

5Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.

Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyabouthealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife.A.Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor’spointofview.G.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefrommonsources.Passage4(2013北京)UrbanizationUntilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.1Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural(鄉(xiāng)村的)villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.

Britainwasonlythebeginning.2Theprocessofurbanization—themigration(遷徙)ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.

In1900,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.3

Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninetyfivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.4Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite(精英)andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.

Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.5Today,insteadofneedingninetyfivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednonfarmers.

A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbansocieties.E.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.Passage5(2012北京)EmpathyLastyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganreportedthatempathy,theabilitytounderstandotherpeople,amongcollegestudentshaddroppedsharplyoverthepast10years.1Today,peoplespendmoretimealoneandarelesslikelytojoingroupsandclubs.

JenniferFreed,acodirectorofateenprogram,hasanotherexplanation.TurnontheTV,andyou’reshoweredwithnewsandrealityshowsfullofpeoplefighting,peting,andgenerallytreatingoneanotherwithnorespect.2

Therearegoodreasonsnottofollowthosebadexamples.Humansaresociallyrelatedbynature.3Researchershavealsofoundthatempatheticteenagersaremorelikelytohavehighselfrespect.Besides,empathycanbeacureforloneliness,sadness,anxiety,andfear.

Empathyisalsoanindicationofagoodleader.Infact,Freedsays,manytoppaniesreportthatempathyisoneofthemostimportantthingstheylookforinnewmanagers.4“Academicsareimportant.Butifyoudon’thaveemotional(情感的)intelligence,youwon’tbeassuccessfulinworkorinyourlovelife,”shesays.

What’sthebestwaytoupyourEQ(情商)?Forstarters,letdownyourguardandreallylistentoothers.5

Toreallydevelopempathy,you’dbettervolunteeratanursinghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthathasadiversemembership,havea“sharingcircle”withyourfamily,orspendtimecaringforpetsatananimalshelter.A.Everyoneisdifferent,andlevelsofempathydifferfrompersontoperson.B.Thatcouldbebecausesomanypeoplehavereplacedfacetimewithscreentime,theresearcherssaid.C.“Onedoesn’tdevelopempathybyhavingalotofopinionsanddoingalotoftalking,”Freedsays.D.Humanslearnbyexample—andmostoftheexamplesonitareanythingbutempathetic.E.Empathyisamatteroflearninghowtounderstandsomeoneelse—bothwhattheythinkandhowtheyfeel.F.Goodsocialskills—includingempathy—areakindof“emotionalintelligence”thatwillhelpyousucceedinmanyareasoflife.G.Havingrelationshipswithotherpeopleisanimportantpartofbeinghuman—andhavingempathyisdecisivetothoserelationships.答案精解精析高考題組訓練Passage1[語篇解讀]本文為議論文。文章就尋求風險展開了議論。1.F上句提到值得冒險,而下句說有一些活動讓一些人感到享受,卻讓另一些人害怕,故此處是說衡量風險和回報的標準不同,所以選F項。2.C上句提到冒險者更擅長捕獵等。C項中的Beingbetterat是上句中的werebetterat的復現(xiàn),故選C項。3.A由本段可知人類形成了各種各樣的性格類型。你或者喜歡某項冒險活動或者不喜歡。這都是取決于你的性格特點的。最后一句總結本段,得出主旨。4.E上句提到:對冒險活動的熱愛在青少年時期有所增長。設空處應該是對青少年時期的說明,故選E項。5.G由下句中的apartofthebrain可知選G。[長難句]Fortheriskseekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebeesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbeesactive.對于風險尋找者來說,大腦中與快樂相關的部分變得活躍起來,而對于我們當中剩下的人來說,大腦中與恐懼相關的部分變得活躍起來。本句為由表示對比的連詞while連接的并列句,兩個分句中的relatedtopleasure和relatedtofear都是過去分詞短語作后置定語,修飾apartofthebrain。Passage2[語篇解讀]文章介紹了做白日夢的人有時健忘、笨拙,但是偉大的思想和成就是和白日夢分不開的。1.B由前句和后句可知該句在描述做白日夢的人的情況。故選B項。2.C由前句的表述可知人類歷史上一些偉大的想法和輝煌的成就是由那些愛做白日夢的人帶來的。C項中的relativity(相對論),Coke和Postitnotes是列舉的一些偉大想法和成就,故C項符合此處語境。3.A由前文可知本段在講述如何做巧妙的白日夢,故選A項。4.E第五段敘述了在人們需要集中注意力時,如何避免做白日夢。由E項中的關鍵詞attentive(專注的)可知選E項。5.G文章第六段第一句與G項為因果關系。Passage3[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,題材為科普知識。作者針對如何識別正確的健康信息提供了一些建議。1.G根據(jù)文章第二段、第三段、第四段的首句可以看出作者提供了一些建議,因此本空引出了下文的多個建議,故選擇G項。2.D根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Gototheoriginalsource.”可以看出D選項“Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.”與第二段內容匹配。3.F