名詞性從句講解及習(xí)題

名詞性從句講解在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句是中學(xué)階段的一個(gè)重要語法項(xiàng)目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的命題各有變化。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點(diǎn)主要有以下六個(gè)方面1.考查名詞性從句的語序問題2.考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別3.考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法4.考查whether與if的區(qū)別5.考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別6.考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題語法要點(diǎn)剖析一、名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：that,whether,if(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.連接副詞：when,where,how,why主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：(1)It+be+名詞+that從句(2)It+be+形容詞+that從句(3)It+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+that從句(4)It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that?Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that?Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that?賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：Iinsistthatshe（should）doherworkalone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops（should）setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)；d.從句后有“ornot”時(shí)；e.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如：Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的問題。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如：hestudiesEnglisheveryday.（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）hestudiedEnglishlastterm.（從句用一般過去時(shí)）Iknow（that）hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.（從句用一般將來時(shí)）hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用asif引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動(dòng)詞+that從句。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information>message>news、order、problem、promise>question>request、suggestion>truth、wish、word等。例如：Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.（that弓|導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?（that弓I導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)100題.Hissuccesswasbecauseof hehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idon'tknow ."fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromfromwhatcityshecomewhatcitydoesshecomefromwhatcityshecomesfrommakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.WhateverThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwas anewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgotItworriedherabit herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forHenrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy .A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdonesoHaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow .howheisgettingalonghowishegettingalongwhatheisgettingalongwhatishegettingalongItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wheneverHeaskedme withme.A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitisIamsure hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhatWhenandwhyhecamehere yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbeewonderhowmuch .A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcostsMaryis someonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidforisnoreasonfordismissingher.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateOwingtoafewminuteslateThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateBeingafewminuteslateTheycametotheconclusion byacomputer.thatnotallthingscanbedonebecauseofnotallthingsbedonebeingnotallthingscanbedonebecausenotallthingscanbedoneWhytheexplosionoccurredwas thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.thatIdon'tdoubt he'llcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether"Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,Iforget Iwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasitOutputisnowsixtimes itwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhichMary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved .A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearnssurprisedmemostwas suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...whichWegavehim 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thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.thatwhereverTheydiscussed theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers'help.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whetherSheasked .whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupwhatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupwhensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingwhendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing-MayIborrowthering-Youcantake youlike.A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.thatHesaidthathewasfondof .A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautifulHeinsistedthathe ingoodhealthand toworkthere.A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,sendDoyouknow heexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whoseIt'suncertain theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.howTheywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday itwasaholiday.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butforistodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishardtheboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.WhichAsthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion 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ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where.Theproblemis willgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.whotlooks itweregoingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.like.Thatis helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how.Thatis LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why.Wethought strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what.Thefact shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how.WhatI'mconsideringnow themoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.was.Canyoutellme whoisthatgentlemanthatgentlemaniswhowhothatgentlemaniswhomisthatgentlemanleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.WhoItiswellknown apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.A.thatwhat,when,andhowB.thatC.whatD.howTheenergyis makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.suchJackwassoontold hedidwasnotnecessary.A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhatWeshouldthinkcarefullyabout Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.XCanyoupointout 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