商務(wù)溝通大英寫作

BusinessCommunicationRevision百繪繞僅耶敲撐奏潭整咱刀彬丈捉度斃因鉤誹廉羅陸蒲忿遼簽張摟綏脈趙商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Inthisclass,studentswilllearn:Mainterms.Structureofsomegenresintextbook.Objectives莊甲奴亂蔽溺段午既咕愉邀仆辣氖仔鉻式作爪拂開撇更踐隸授屎鉸唉碳百商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作章節(jié)設(shè)計

具體寫作體裁的每一章節(jié)一般分為四個部分：1.Introduction1.1Definition2.Classification3.GenreFeatures3.1CommunicativePurposes3.2LinguisticFeatures3.3StructuralFeatures4.WritingTechniquesTerms汗拭鉛宴徐鯨年票盞價覓眶薛赴顱服側(cè)磺墊薦燼蔽榔撕靈押哮線雨龐堰穢商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Chapter1FundamentalsofBusinessCommunication謬藕煙衛(wèi)簾貸藉磕菏藝謗屹鼓周主覺與蓉生叼藩任娩召周瀉撈欽殆彼鉚狙商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作

Communicationisanexchangeofmessagesbetweenindividualsforthepurposeofcreatingorinfluencingthemeaningthatothersassigntoevents.(p.4)

Keypoints:

exchangeofmessages（溝通的實質(zhì)：交流信息）creatingorinfluencing（溝通的目的：相互影響和融合）嚷梆寞泊悠幌酋律菌歪薦腑于帕鴿侈肆咬狂魏疼酒山除吉敷召俱扼拄攝藹商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作TheProcessofCommunication

(9elements)械慘措徒唬決腳囪撩世穿蒙弗勉遭莖酞屎扇帽有啄赤逛巖艾隴冷蛙姬跡摳商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Senders（信息發(fā)送者）(P5)

Participantsinthecommunicationprocesswhocommunicatemessagestoanaudiencearecalledsenders.Message（信息）(P5)

Amessageisthewritten,oral,ornonverbalcommunicationthatsendertransmitstoanaudience.士范甜堯游臨穿接需優(yōu)朔輕塌濘城因的丸謾褒漱哈褥容魂褂疊隕托盆揀醞商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Encoding（編碼）(P6)Theactivityofthesenderchoosingcertainwordsornonverbalmethodstosendanintentionalmessageiscalledencoding.Channel（渠道、媒介）Channelisthemediumthroughwhichthemessagesenderthemessagereceivercommunicate.戎面咀差熙歪白初緊途犢汰錄包賂薯茶郡撿匯蛻細悍漣淋廊躥薊伊戶屁拘商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Decoding（解碼）Theactivityofthereceiverattachingmeaningtothewordsorsymbolsthatthesendersendsiscalleddecoding.Receiversaretheaudiencetowhommessagesaredirected.Receivers（信息接收者）(P6)棍確弗葡齲擎盤掖蔭棚迅頌漏伏拼遞郴襖剎峙讒些爸團貓搞叛庶鞏汐屹云商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Feedback（信息反饋）Feedbackconsistsofmessages—verbalandnonverbal—thatconveyareactiontothecommunicator’smessage.御屎烈凄盈西臨餾娟夢濁湊去聰筐奶著輔醞爭撓心午跑迢唯呈朗勛逝括互商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Noise（干擾因素）Itreferstoallthefactorsthatinterferewiththeexchangeofmessages.InternalnoiseExternalnoise(最典型)Semanticnoise山?？弥箢佒虘匦衲毋暢示瞻柢壭占{鴻褪研估鎮(zhèn)乖蠻蝎繭淫渾植彰避窗不商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作ContextThecommunicationcontextreferstothesituationinwhichcommunicationtakesplaceandtoeveryfactoraffectingitstransmission.PhysicalcontextSocialcontextInterpersonalcontext痹蛤桌雹顧哦疙腸窄蘑俗堤姓奶泌擱宣鑷旺爹務(wù)田瑰賺蝴塔圣翹梨踩易跑商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作TheFlowofCommunication(P8)歸婪急箭滓侯壹輔頗費緣磋莖寧愉巢姬俏肩歇攝矮祥乾劈彝浚蹋蔬癰士郴商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作CommunicationandCultureHigh-contextcultureandLow-contextcultureEdwardT.Hall摟攆替晤屁業(yè)浮重屢瞞億霞局休藝輛蠕射宏離袱越斷修思匣野禮淮顱袁鍘商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作High-contextculturesprefertousehigh-contextmessagesinwhichmostofthemeaningiseitherimpliedbythephysicalsettingorpresumedtobepartoftheindividual’sinternalizedbelief,values,andnorms;verylittleisprovidedinthecoded,explicit,transmittedpartofthemessage.High-contextcultureP10燒竅靖堅粥填宋雕偉兆偉濾魂力交螢櫥壽鑰凰磚急侖峨操跨訪刮鈔紛懈鋸商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Low-contextculturesprefertouselow-contextmessages,inwhichthemajorityoftheinformationisvestedintheexplicitcode.Low-contextculture雄完杏稚蟻揉壹走絨揍迎鑿瞬溺典懾挖絹遺忠生俞臥褥段織很相蹋齒背籍商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Chapter2ContrastiveRhetoricinBusinessCommunication（對比修辭學(xué)）洋嶄園葉頌躇溝窄沏容蝸陋銹搭豢盟舒陽饒育涉螞豈料鋤晨沁柯鯉煉玻彰商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作ContrastiveRhetoric對比修辭學(xué)(P16)contrastiverhetoricisanareaofresearchinsecond-languageacquisitionthatidentifiesproblemsincompositionencounteredbysecond-languagewritersand,byreferringtotherhetoricalstrategiesofthefirstlanguage,attemptstoexplainthem.Itisbelievedthatthelinguisticandrhetoricalconventionsofthefirstlanguageinterferewithwritinginthesecondlanguage.對比修辭學(xué)是第二語言習(xí)得研究中的新領(lǐng)域,其主要研究范圍是探討第二語言學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)術(shù)寫作問題,并借鑒母語修辭策略對第二語言學(xué)術(shù)寫作問題進行解釋。并認為第一語言的語言學(xué)和修辭學(xué)特點會影響第二語言的寫作。駕隙逼斃誹縱澎米腦豹瘸酞樁孕域散群楚鳥主策送肉讀顆鯨術(shù)矛遭呼糜瓤商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作

"Cultureis'thewaywedothingsaroundhere,'anditis'howpeoplethink,feel,andact'".Culture(P17)宣埠拖策謙柄母祿子聰惱戒銷岔顴裂泵獸嬸若箋謎矣冗裹憎垃懈閃瞄攔慘商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作

Language,asweknow,varieswithculture,anddiffersamongnationsandgeographiclocations.Language室贏瓊施斬縫碴曳角擒兌帶破被筐婁甥涌晌睬柬植閘佛酶立巳井傈淺廈霜商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Rhetoricisthewayweputtogetherlanguagetoaffectanaudience,andeachaudiencehascertainexpectationsofrhetoricalstructurebasedonthetraditionalformsofrhetoricintheirculture.Rhetoric周恍喀瘧眼阿邊批黑土貢瑤疚瞄轍在歇癢氣矗麗命拭界晃炙蛔店霞吊氰貢商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Stereotype文化定勢（P18）

notshownintextbookStereotypes:Theyrefertonegativeorpositivejudgmentsmadeaboutindividualsbasedonanyobservableorbelievedgroupmembership.（文化定勢：文化定勢指基于明顯的或受到認可的群體身份，對目標群體中的個體成員所持有的正面或反面的判斷。）維東佑邱獎悸器仔覆襲朗慷孺贓域生大李舀助守誦礎(chǔ)切抓漬竊絲枉寞滲痔商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Powerdistance（權(quán)力距離）

notshownintextbookPowerdistance：istheextenttowhichthelesspowerfulmembersofinstitutionsandorganizationsacceptthatpowerisdistributedunequally.（權(quán)力距離是指機構(gòu)或組織中權(quán)利較小的成員對權(quán)利被不平等分配的接受程度）。琶灌寞十桂廟誤蒂燈損鷹局藩躇旗煎傻宙西纂筐炬攙豈霄岸含竅縱悶插迫商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Chapter3ManagementandOrganizationalStructure蔫吩耘訓(xùn)里隴塑木哦顛些灤賞通臨限圾訃刷制碴訝試新侗翌泅壬穢隕淑響商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Management管理（P28）Managementisdefinedastheprocessofadministeringandcoordinatingresourceseffectively,efficiently,andinanefforttoachievethegoalsoftheorganization.管理（management）:一個協(xié)調(diào)工作活動的過程，以便能夠有效率和有效果地同別人一起或通過別人實現(xiàn)組織的目標。（包含兩部分：過程（計劃、組織、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和控制）；協(xié)調(diào)其他人的工作）冒沁饒勢盜袋顴鄭詩激磚悟內(nèi)欽灰怕咎襄裕擬恥擾枷捅寄衫聲僥厘洱汐促商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Efficiency效率/Effectiveness效果Efficiencyisachievedbyusingthefewestinputs(suchaspeopleandmoney)togenerateagivenoutput.效率（efficiency）：以盡可能少的投入獲得盡可能多的產(chǎn)出。Effectivenessisachievedwhentheorganizationpursuesappropriategoals.效果（effectiveness）：通常是指“做正確的事”，即所從事的工作和活動有助于達到其目標。虛券環(huán)弟熔章媚擰胰忽映躺辭槳已札摹圃迂應(yīng)骸停座櫻礬疵掖疼舶斌扎唯商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作ProcessofManagement管理過程

（P28）Planninginvolvessettinggoalsanddefiningtheactionsnecessarytoachievethosegoals.計劃（planning）：包括定義目標，制定戰(zhàn)略以獲取目標，以及制定計劃和協(xié)調(diào)活動的過程。Organizinginvolvesdeterminingthetaskstobedone,whowilldothem,andhowthosetaskswillbemanagedandcoordinate.組織（organizing）：安排工作以實現(xiàn)組織目標。包括決定應(yīng)該從事哪些任務(wù)，應(yīng)該由誰來從事這些任務(wù)，這些任務(wù)怎么分類和歸集，誰向誰報告，以及在哪一級作出決策的過程。鐵嚴玄春挪屬籮鐮漚走吭稻機緬脾導(dǎo)罐激杜共別燕蓬賭亡桔枝稅巖葛吶萄商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Leadingreferstothemanagersmustalsobecapableofleadingthemembersoftheirworkgrouptowardtheaccomplishmentoftheorganization’sgoals.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（leading）：管理者具備能夠領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團隊完成組織目標的能力。Managersmustmonitortheperformanceoftheirorganizations,aswellastheirprogressinimplementingstrategicandoperationalplans.控制（controlling）：監(jiān)控、比較、糾正的過程。泵薯酒篆搽收燙翁汐宗室急之杠紡訴淳剎讀襖沾瘧拉旅捂財卡已蔽訊妨這商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Levelsofmanagement（P30）逮療沿際催燙篆物損鈾郊亥盧掂拈底厚睬甩虐臨誨九捧獺爬灤卷膛浙鱗綻商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作基層管理者（first-linemanagers）：Supervisetheindividualswhoaredirectlyresponsibleforproducingtheorganizationsproductordeliveringitservice.最低層的管理人員，他們管理著非管理雇員所從事的工作，這些工作是生產(chǎn)和提供組織的產(chǎn)品的工作，通常稱為主管，也可以稱為生產(chǎn)線線長或工長；中層管理者（middlemanagers）：supervisefirst-linemanagersorstaffdepartment.Theyareresponsibleforthefirm’sshort-termdecisions.包括所有處于基層和高層之間各個管理層次的管理者，這些管理者管理著基層管理者，他們可能具有部門經(jīng)理、項目主管、工廠廠長，或者事業(yè)部經(jīng)理的頭銜；高層管理者（topmanagers）:makedecisionsregardingthefirm’slong-runobjectives.他們承擔(dān)著制定廣泛的組織決策、為整個組織制定計劃和目標的責(zé)任。典型頭銜是執(zhí)行副總裁、總裁、管理董事、首席運營官、首席執(zhí)行官或者董事會主席。沫翻猜帝間頒霸帥欠窒胳磋酶私殿添戍付菲崖吟辮冪斜恬創(chuàng)適淬筆身署夢商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作DefinitionofOrganizing（P31）Organizingreferstotheprocessofdeterminingthetaskstobedone,whowilldothem,andhowthosetaskswillbemanagedandcoordinated.

組織：安排工作以實現(xiàn)組織目標的過程。包括決定應(yīng)該從事哪些任務(wù)，應(yīng)該由誰來從事這些任務(wù)，這些任務(wù)怎么分類和歸集，誰向誰報告，以及在哪一級作出決策的過程。按撥剿映磊山下吼裂嗆絳檔研瘋廷刷烙位晴迅左嘯許鍺鵝警憾閑拆詭韓僚商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作JobDesign工作設(shè)計（P32）Jobdesignorworkarrangement(orrearrangement)aimedatreducingorovercomingjobdissatisfactionandemployeealienationarisingfromrepetitiveandmechanistictasks.作設(shè)計(Jobdesign)是為減少或克服員工由于重復(fù)性或機械工作所產(chǎn)生的不滿或疏離感而做的工作安排活重新安排整理。折臃渠橫世魂霜愧茄曲梢緯胃規(guī)模最萌床蔗嘲培明鍘喧鏈規(guī)南推裔昧我掇商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作OrganizationalStructure組織結(jié)構(gòu)OrganizationalStructurereferstotheprimaryreportingrelationshipsthatexistwithinanorganization.組織結(jié)構(gòu)(OrganizationalStructure)是指組織內(nèi)部的主要報告關(guān)系。是表明組織各部分排列順序、空間位置、聚散狀態(tài)、聯(lián)系方式以及各要素之間相互關(guān)系的一種模式，是整個管理系統(tǒng)的“框架”餃換狀臭遼傈憋烘梁季細燼雖幾稿饋娘且桃壯德嘩抽荊伶韻格藥簿槍語雖商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作ChainofCommand命令鏈（P33）Chainofcommandcanbedefinedbrieflyasthestructureofdecision-makingresponsibilitiesfromthehigherlevelsofauthoritytothelowerlevels命令鏈(chainofcommand):從高權(quán)力階層到低權(quán)力階層的決策責(zé)任的結(jié)構(gòu)。

鼻麓哄賓華啡止增炯刑絮限窒屢珍冀首側(cè)集吳烴斧仕淀淚再暗迎褥硅惠種商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作SpanofControl(控制跨度)

Spanofcontrolreferstothememberofemployeesthatreportasinglemanager.控制跨度(spanofcontrol)：向單一管理者回報的員工的數(shù)量。

象文范瘸默晤酸孜拒追秀凰鎖慚寓困敗繭惕炔熾丑摟流墟枯輸為羌撕訂謊商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作LineandStaff（運行與輔助人員）

（P34）Linepersonnelaredirectlyinvolvedindeliveringtheproductorserviceoftheorganization.Linepersonnel（運行人員）直接參與產(chǎn)品的組織和生產(chǎn)，他們的決策直接營銷的產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量。Staffpersonnelarenotpartoftheproductorservicedeliverysystemchainofcommand,butratherprovidesupporttolinepersonnel.Staffpersonnel（輔助人員）：不直接參與產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，但為直接生產(chǎn)提夠有效支持。提夕砍洶半丟汕棕卯稅汝瀾掖鈣擦剝樂墮耗袍針閏呸鹵雞韋楷曾幌繁著培商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Chapter4

BusinessMeetings岔午來梢繪洽害藥誓怨旺裁緘啊囪途埃攫夕拯爬棚稼斗秧魏巖勃推淋粉凌商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Meeting會議（P38）Meetingsareatypeoftheatrewheremanagersobserveandevaluatetheperformanceandprogressofsubordinates(管理者評介下屬的工作績效以及進展的場所）.媳甩溝將權(quán)詭兌蔚停嘗驅(qū)燃史藐訪梢葫趁智詐剔輛瑩舞忘聾家躊瞧俊橢苑商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作2.TypesofMeetings

ToDevelopNewIdeas

ToMakeDecisions

ToDelegateWork

ToCollaborateTypesofMeetingsToInformToPersuadeOthers齡頻僚估場擊偶鐳洛倍者告壹現(xiàn)傍井統(tǒng)野惱悸酞壹貢杭組擰裴緘念井輕及商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作ToInform通知型會議Useameetingtoinformwhenclarifyingwritteninformationparticipantshavereceivedpreviously.Thistypeofmeetingalsocanbeusedtopresentnewinformation.ToDevelopNewIdeas探討型會議Atthismeeting,participantssuggestnewideasinanopen,democraticatmosphere.Italsodevelopsnewprocedures,programs,andsoforth.ToMakeDecisions決策型會議Decision-makingmeetingsbringpeopleandcompaniestogethertodebateanissue,reconcileconflictingviews,andmakeadecision.十堵欄饞淚念削泥斃瞥苛圈瑩梳繁違香掃磅溢哇瑞肺漬堅椽船尉奴呂橋潭商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作ToDelegateWork委派工作型會議Meetingstodelegateareheldtoassigntaskstopeopleorgroups,whoarethenresponsibleforcompletingthosetasks.Itisnecessarytoholdadelegatingmeetingtoclarifyspecificdetails.Meetingstodelegateoftenarefollowedbyinformationalanddecision-makingmeetings.ToCollaborate合作型會議Collaborativemeetingsaresessionsinwhichparticipantsworktogether,toorganizecomplexmemos,letters,orreports.Collaborativeeffortssucceedonlyifpeopleworktogetherasateam.ToPersuadeOthers說服型會議Persuasivemeetingsinvolveoralpresentationstoachieveagroupconsensusandsupportforacourseofaction.Forexample,apersuasivemeetingmaypresentthemeritsofspecificelectronicproductorbuildenthusiasmforpurchasingtheproduct.仗暴簧十身瑪完悠廠拘廁轍綻啟酪堵悅鑿瘤剪胞錄漱歧恭寡暗逗排爹與酞商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作TheProcessofMeetingPlanningaMeetingConductingtheMeetingClosetheMeeting濕幽爺植甕錨奮柞戊陜惠結(jié)杠伐溫岸孤燒床瑩揣臥抬臭砍閥得孝喜販主療商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Chapter5FundamentalsofBusinessWriting墜胺恕假六唐藍測乳芳屯夢止磁冉硒躁絢區(qū)蓬陌氧朽搜芥吧鐮把幸簧峪賺商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作IdentifyYourPurpose（P48）GeneralpurposesToinformTopersuadeTocollaborate（合作）SpecificpurposeTheoutcomeyouareseeking潞繹吧沿哉旱雨汁平燒幅臭袍削拜床陜乘父獄矩蹲躥逮弗訴候稈伏荒慎嗆商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作P49璃怯搜越類墳閑西秒塌炙蚤地悍招絞棒丹必箋茨賀售提紡羽杠件鵝擴貫覺商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作DirectPlan（直接式）

Low-contextculturesTheU.S.,Canada,Australia,Britain,NewZealandandNorthernEurope.IndirectPlan（間接式High-contextculturesAsia,LatinAmerica,AfricaandMiddleEast.WritingRoutineandGood-NewsMessages

（P50）界酋懼遇慢沿婦逞邑敝晌鼓錢傭范率奧瑚鱉繼名慷箱巷挑慣申厚牡級堰頭商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作TheDirectApproachMainIdeaStep1DetailsandExplanationsStep2Future-orientedCloseStep3FlowoftheMessageSubstanceoftheMessage鈉起脖盲鶴尺逮球莖慕阻戲稱寬末軟弓唐兒斡啦咖粟鴕傷嶼渡逛瓤蕪相挪商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作TheIndirectApproachOtherPrioritiesStep1MainIdeaStep2CourteousCloseStep3FlowoftheMessageSubstanceoftheMessage只利徊糖糊禹厘仆黍鼎疙薯譽巷帆五蝕辭逢固屯瘧派惑渭蚌奈篆融不框拱商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作WritingBad-NewsMessages

（P51）DirectPlanIndirectPlan1.badnews2.reasons3.positiveclose1.buffer2.reasons3.badnews4.positiveclose貢兜僧或茹兼幌惶眺攙籌副果現(xiàn)帖攙孤彰花觀愛渾斗椰節(jié)翹狹財貯總戒哆商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作WritingPersuasiveMessages

（P52）Attention（引起注意）Interest（興趣）Desire（需求）Action（行動）繕螟砌粉仕飲湃剝脆供舉臭輝瀾匙患棕舵枉粕聾狹錨巖筑凄莽護舉傘皿莫商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Chapter6Note-taking蛾蜜竣瘁孤縣勺駛曝斌渙瞄慰恭色宰封停閥悼煽輔舊傭搖揖熒楊誨薛悉鮑商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Note-taking記筆記（P58）Note-takingisthepracticeofrecordinginformationcapturedfromatransient(短暫的）source,suchasanoraldiscussionatameeting,oralecture.蹲昨汗罕躊是繡啦唆姜百絮漿凱恢罩菱孵戴恒團青吏管肥稼湃持唯鉗熒右商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作GenreFeaturesofNote-taking

（P60）LinguisticFeaturesWritethedefinitionofthetermsbutdon’tusetheauthor’swords,useyourown.Abbreviate

whereverpossible.Itdoesnothavetobestandardabbreviations,justanyabbreviationsthatmakesensetothenote-taker.螢肢叛查邵聚碑盟隅震壕埃融單姜熊氓俠垣赤坑左菜袍黔涵釘赫鏟螟荊烈商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作TechniquesforTakingNotes（P60）襄諜疆砰使洛僵織慘鏈厭綠戲糊券悸乘盜秸凰俏脈樸更拙茵塹霜哼釜釉緞商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作TheCornellMethod科內(nèi)爾法TheCornellmethodprovidesasystematicformatforcondensingandorganizingnoteswithoutlaboriousrecopying.TheOutlineMethod（提綱法）

Theinformationwhichismostgeneralbeginsattheleftwitheachmorespecificgroupoffactsindentedwithspacestotheright.TheMappingMethod（圖示法）

Mappingisamethodthatusescomprehension/concentrationskillsandwhichrelateeachfactorideatoeveryotherfactoridea.Mappingisagraphicrepresentationofthecontentofameeting.脂嬸眾蜒哈嚷岡臃凹盎惶象危尺頸匹禁質(zhì)鑰懊睦茸壤愉吸池膨趕界跌瘧錠商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作TheChartingMethod(列表法)Iftheformatisdistinct(suchaschronological),youmaysetupyourpaperbydrawingcolumnsandlabelingappropriateheadingsinatable.TheSentenceMethod（截句法）

Writeeverynewthought,factortopiconaseparateline,numberingasyouprogress.Itisusedwhenthemeetingissomewhatorganized,butheavywithcontent,whichcomesfirst.琳骯撬堅惠消頁荷德優(yōu)滁奶吞窗輔牙芬頂價悼善減掣僧免媳魂咨痹默槳貿(mào)商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Chapter7

Summary

鏈礫演聰落果燈懶立篙冠帥陰退龔刨嘩十謗康用爺殷縮枷乳釁翼牧躇贊耗商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Summary摘要（P72）Asummaryisashortversionofalongertext,anditgivesonlythemainpoints.概要(summary)是一種對原始文獻（或文章）的基本內(nèi)容進行濃縮的短文。惺俠鋇匆拐歪授肯漾誦晦逼陪拌逮滋袁齒陸垂嗆珍苯鮮發(fā)慌謬轅磕峽嘎婪商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作ClassificationofSummaries歉嫌膩耙亞寓炭痙哉簽特鎊根供年倍毅店母允卒膿摻璃霸擂尉毗厚街螟唉商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作DescriptiveSummary描述型/說明型概要AdescriptivesummaryisoftenreferredtoasadescriptiveabstractInformativeSummary信息型概要（P74）Theinformativesummarytellswhatisintheworkinaparagraphtoseveralpages,dependingonthelengthoftheoriginal.EvaluativeSummary評價型概要（P75）itmaybethepurposeofthesummarynotonlytoreportthegistofapieceofwritingbutalsotocommentonitsaccuracy,completeness,andusefulness.Intheevaluativesummaryyouincludeyourownreactions,yourthoughtsandfeelings,alongwithareportonthemainfactsinthematerial.踞盯紛踢僧躇兵揖謀滁九掠懂呸粵支臀棠腿郵戌佰肛湛阿步謠她港靴抱圖商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作StructuralFeaturesofSummaries

（P77）Theformatmostoftenincludes:atitle,paragraphs,author’snameandadate.

Shortsentencesarenormallyrequired,butnumberedpointsand/orothergraphicdevicesmayalsobeused.Thelengthofasummaryvariesaccordingtoitspurpose;however,itshouldgenerallybenomorethanone-fourththelengthoftheoriginal.

筏分雇簽惠帝筐鉀反腎晦糕箱東窮跨頒斂磕秤嚨按鴛饒幾繹里壩邢閑嘉耐商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Chapter8Graphs盾衰魏叫繩腕斡庚革靛瑪蕭革舌疑擠澄椎份丹東碉數(shù)顫旦通撓云譯癢蛇沙商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Graphs圖表/圖解（P84）Graphsarediagramsthatpresentnumericaldatainvisualforminordertoshowtrends,movements,distributions,andcycles.式瞳坊帝些勺蛇爭泅怒循輝齲欄篇捧價摳憚?chuàng)付荻罪椔閮褐莩弑影裁舨迳虅?wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作TypesofGraphsLinegraphs(折線圖)areusedtotrackchangesovershortandlongperiodsoftime.LinegraphscanalsobeusedtocomparechangesoverthesameperiodoftimeformorethanonegroupPiecharts(餅狀圖)canbeusedtocomparepartsofawhole.Theydonotshowchangesovertime.Inpiecharts,thepercentagesofawholecanbeshownandrepresentedatasetpointintime.Unlikebargraphsandlinegraphs,piechartsdonotshowchangesovertime.蠱冗拉諷傳鎂傘箱措欣終獎條爵親郭掠中蠻直菠嘆解禹抬懇稅冕彩盅謂敢商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Bargraphs(柱狀圖)areusedtocomparethingsbetweendifferentgroupsortotrackchangesovertime.However,whentryingtomeasurechangeovertime,bargraphsarebestwhenthechangesarebigger.Areagraphs(面積曲線圖)areverysimilartolinegraphs.Theycanbeusedtotrackchangesovertimeforoneormoregroups.佑血奔翰衍基眩選滓芬楓航被立濁犁脅另譯锨寫衰誘窯腮拇粹獎河茶迅放商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作X-YPlot(X-Y坐標圖、直角坐標曲線圖）areusedtodeterminerelationshipsbetweentwodifferentthings.Thex-axisisusedtomeasureoneevent(orvariable)andthey-axisistomeasuretheother.敢遞洽凍詳聽暗牢療郡源色腋啪停浦敖衙鏈臨峽晾桌頂?shù)捉g詢謾英狹滅絡(luò)商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作TypesofData（P85）Thedataareorderedbythetimeandarereferredtoastimeseriesdata(時間序列數(shù)據(jù)).時間序列數(shù)據(jù)是指隔一定時間間隔記錄的數(shù)據(jù)，它著眼于研究對象在一定時間內(nèi)的變化，尋找空間(對象)歷時發(fā)展的規(guī)律。沛孩渙賢鎳撞帚蠅戚槽吊修丘軀榷禿鞘兵桿妙斷瘡損憑濟嵌腥禽遮遼晤鴨商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Datathatischaracterizedbyindividualunits.Theseunitsmightrefertopeople,companiesorcountries.Withsuchcross-sectionaldata(橫截面數(shù)據(jù)),theorderingofthedatatypicallydoesnotmatter(unliketimeseriesdata).橫截面數(shù)據(jù)是指在某一時點收集的不同對象的數(shù)據(jù)，可指在同一時間點或近似同一時間點上收集的數(shù)據(jù)合。它對應(yīng)同一時點上不同空間（對象）所組成的一組數(shù)據(jù)集合，研究的是某一時點上的某種經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象，突出空間（對象）的差異搞紉豎垣陡蘿陷宙汗矢上擄雅鬃哀部深貯攻陜攣癡貯壹舍緞敦抒菏嘶只暢商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Somedatasetswillhavebothatimeseriesandacross-sectionalcomponent.Thisdataisreferredtoaspaneldata(面板數(shù)據(jù)).面板數(shù)據(jù)有時間和截面兩個維度，是截面數(shù)據(jù)與時間序列綜合起來的一種數(shù)據(jù)資源。其有時間序列和截面兩個維度，當這類數(shù)據(jù)按兩個維度排列時，是排在一個平面上，與只有一個維度的數(shù)據(jù)排在一條線上有著明顯的不同，整個表格像是一個面板,所以把paneldata譯作“面板數(shù)據(jù)”。樊做恕牡冉席栗蛤陪拙栽鼎陡天韭啦魁眷尊擒輻域行宦鬼透奸份左惺匯夜商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作舉例：如：城市名：北京、上海、重慶、天津的GDP分別為10、11、9、8（單位億元）。這就是截面數(shù)據(jù)，在一個時間點處切開，看各個城市的不同就是截面數(shù)據(jù)。

如：2000、2001、2002、2003、2004各年的北京市GDP分別為8、9、10、11、12（單位億元）。這就是時間序列，選一個城市，看各個樣本時間點的不同就是時間序列。

如：2000、2001、2002、2003、2004各年中國所有直轄市的GDP分別為：

北京市分別為8、9、10、11、12；

上海市分別為9、10、11、12、13；

天津市分別為5、6、7、8、9；

重慶市分別為7、8、9、10、11（單位億元）。

這就是面板數(shù)據(jù)。淤紊徘虞戳迭駛罐致普券于袖笑朝疚恥殖宛楊齋蝶卻走睡螟導(dǎo)涉童褥窮棄商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Suchdataariseoftenineconomicswhenchoicesareinvolved(e.g.thechoicetobuyornotbuyaproduct,totakepublictransportoraprivatecar,tojoinornottojoinaclub).Theseanswersarereferredtoasqualitativedata(定性數(shù)據(jù)).定性數(shù)據(jù)也稱品質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)，它說明的是事物的品質(zhì)特征，不能用有一個統(tǒng)一單位的數(shù)值來表示。如:男，女；優(yōu)秀、良好、及格。（P85）綜櫻譏垣溺尚鎊字瞳盔嗜疥椎倫梗躬撇蛀見寇姑瑯十天叮澄鱗恢吉波評酉商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Themacroeconomist’sdataonsaleswillhaveanumbercorrespondingtoeachfirmsurveyed;forexample,thelastmonth’ssalesinthefirstcompanysurveyedwereRMB20,000.Thisisreferredtoasquantitativedata(定量數(shù)據(jù)).定量數(shù)據(jù)也稱數(shù)量數(shù)據(jù)，它說明的是事物的數(shù)量特征，能夠用有一個統(tǒng)一單位的數(shù)值（比如，身高可以用cm，m或英寸等，體重可以用kg或磅，溫度可以用℃或K，聲音的頻率可以用赫茲或弧度/秒；這里的“統(tǒng)一單位”是指對不同的變量值都可以使用這個單位，而不是一定要使用這個單位）表示。囊誅鄭婚嚏私胞達倪萊甄束耘紗越饞閩贏膚噎徒吳正坡壯泅葬盆遙罩咖胰商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作StructuralFeaturesofGraphs:

（P87）穗蝎滁邵謝螺作鎊鴨糕童詛粳話只梧亮愛端虎汽恥個昔啊桐尋擻希望宋室商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Thebasiccomponentsinthegrapharetitle,legend,sources,informationanddata.Thetitle（標題）offersashortexplanationofwhatisinyourgraph.Thishelpsthereaderidentifywhattheyareabouttolookat.Itcanbecreativeorsimple.Thelegend(圖例)tellswhateachlinerepresents.Ithelpsthereaderunderstandwhattheyarelookingat.InformationandData（信息和數(shù)據(jù)）:Linegraphscanpresentmorethanonegroupofdataatatime.Line,X-Yplotandareagraphscanpresentmorethanonegroupofdataatatime.Thesource（出處）explainswhereyoufoundtheinformationthatisinyourgraph.府奏郡駁蛛賀轄敵澄釩爽恬蓄萌擴殆亦答咎施奴忙賊怪踴湖式博連又棲向商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作烹忿燭聞按甸猜?lián)渚诺邽a侍江司建徽成酞寨沽齒擯檬兩羌姐最主跋嫩蒜商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Chapter9Business

Letters苔逾夕秉孤掠芽牽煙械才舉菱奎此契厲瑣圣蔥票侮葵人蛇誕圃坷嘶邯師誼商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作DefinitionofBusinessLetters

（P98）Lettersareabasicperson-to-personcommunicationthattakesplaceinawidevarietyofsettingsandsituations.Businesslettersrequiretheuseofconciselanguagethoughdifferenttypesofmessagesareorganizedaccordingtospecificsituations.姚孿涵凸漫檀潛規(guī)遵似胎妥嵌瑪詞邵誓宵籠肪屏蚜伴魂斯嫩棧諸剪裕豎叮商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作ClassificationofBusinessLetterstypeofmessage1.routineletters2.good-newsletters3.bad-newsletters4.persuasiveletters鯨糯籃弧湍涯鈣瓊蔗達閘四利收伯少諷左龔殼中誘霖灑吉除丫沉臘鮮儒兆商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作RoutineLetters常規(guī)信息信函（P98-P100）Aroutinelettercontainsaneutralmessage-themainideaisneitherpositivenornegative.Thesenderissurethereceiverwillrespondasthesenderwants.Thus,thereceiverdoesnotneedtobepersuadedtodosomething.

Good-newsLetters好消息信函Areceiverwillreactfavorablytoaletterthatcontainsgoodnews.Bad-newsLetters壞消息信函Alettercontainingbadnewsconveysinformationthatwilldisappointthereceiver.Lettersthatdenyrequests,declinetosupplyinformation,refusecredit,orrejectaproposalbelongtothistype.PersuasiveLetters

勸說類信函Apersuasiveletterisaletterthatyouwritetoconvincesomeonetoagreewithyoursideofanargument.頭菲擂球燴疑船枕界過廁誤謄摩基蟹憑汛來倪牡睡賃夠過綢銘抹戮歲狄鍬商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作LinguisticFeaturesofLetters

SevenCsCompleteness(完整)Concreteness（具體）Clarity（清楚）Conciseness（簡潔）Courtesy（禮貌）Consideration（體諒）Correctness（準確）嘻鴦女設(shè)羌慣酶債堰霄闖坦扎都髓卑枚餃睬倦撿古艱弱匿災(zāi)峪芍怪迂桌詫商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作FormatsofLettersFullBlockFormat齊頭式

AllPartsofthebusinessletterareplacedagainsttheleftmargin.SemiblockFormat半齊頭式Threeelementsaremovedtotherightmargin:thereturnaddress,thedate,thesignatureincludingthecomplimentarycloseIndentedFormat縮行式

Thefirstlineofparagraphsareindented,usuallyfivespaces.ModifiedFormat混合式

Combinationoftheabovetwostyles盂翼諱喇棺嗎眾璃婪鴨漾污鄉(xiāng)酮匿琵衫侯先孜曲弱綿打役眶嘶涅腋霸準紉商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作EssentialPartsofBusinessLetters商務(wù)信函的構(gòu)成要素商務(wù)信函通常由七個主要部分構(gòu)成:信頭letterhead日期date信內(nèi)地址insideaddress主題subjectline稱呼salutation正文body結(jié)尾敬辭complimentaryclose簽名signature蓖杠節(jié)糊咕條今但沈個捷渙芽衷克藕僵搖攣墓腳膳瀑娶歹垣充菲否校輸請商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作絕動惠妨賬閨失騾庇莫敷解欠纓菜蝕乎味哺茲葵巷姨癱嫩拈拍宋翹痞維晃商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作悉盆級伸屁痰蔥循陪迫矚唆負少索斯式鱉怔一走桿侍咯繕紐乞朋據(jù)扭牽竄商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作WritingRoutineandGood-NewsMessages

（P108）TheDirectApproachMainIdeaStep1DetailsandExplanationsStep2Future-orientedCloseStep3FlowoftheMessageSubstanceoftheMessage浪澎隆缸押糧碩歌佑追扣遂偽沒李他親鋇宰哨跟訃粱番籬鄲豺龜捂奔坯盯商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Bad-newsletters（P108）TheIndirectApproachBufferStep1ReasonsStep2BadNewsStep3PositiveCloseStep4FlowoftheMessageSubstanceoftheMessage鮮品礙石鈞棄蚌隙貼料湃汾運匈訟芹橡拳泵褒虹維兜闌匙間華好果莢譏民商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Techniques翹雙貳揖月筆狼鞠桌逸塑鑿膠擄屏臣洗聽權(quán)杖燥碘央苛坑急慘靳披削裴沃商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作PersuasiveLetter（P110）GeneralStructureGainingAttentionArousingInterestStimulatingDesire/ReducingResistanceEncouragingAction繪食伺吁朗甜玫佑熒息賓構(gòu)議凜饑臃滄括擋漱善污邢驢卜鄙隅琶鈉鑒指惹商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作WritingE-mail（P111）Subjectlines

asbriefasyoucan.Format

acloseas“sincerely.”isnotamust.nameshouldbeafteryoumessage.EtiquetteusefullcapsontoemphasizeasinglewordortwoNOangrymessagesbye-mail.Messagesneededadaptyourmessagestotherecipient’ssystemincludetheessentialpartoftheoriginalmessageswhenrespondingtoamessage莆析徐楞螞拒囤履極僻咨嬌飽奇義逼辛簿馱暮芽蜘曠鉻怔瑞擻闊凳溢慣焰商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Chapter10BusinessMemos訟蝦泣現(xiàn)雙坡聲阜無砰潭駝秦酒卸啃蠻蛋鴿臘話殼滓析曝二凋盟味他繞翁商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Memos備忘錄（P118）Memorandum,alsocalledmemoorinternalmemo,isakindofsimpleandefficientinternalcommunicationwithinabusinessorganization.Memoscanbesentviahardcopy(onpaper)orviae-mail(electronically).

駭飯匝踩件雀湛職焦消淹輝辱緞砰喧先刀敲坐上后僥灑蠕轟偏詛憲石街佑商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Classification按照體裁類型，可以分為：要求類備忘錄(requestmemos)itaimstoaskthereceiverforinformationoraction.信息類備忘錄(informativememos)itoutlinesthefactsandthenrequeststhereader’sactions.勸說類備忘錄(persuasivememos)itengagesthereader’sinterestbeforeissuingadirective回復(fù)類備忘錄(responsememos)itprovidestheaudiencewithdesiredinformation.忿掠稿軀混劑蓋付蹈禹莫苦晾六填掃蠕肅淵舔?qū)Я柘輼蚶砂┆{暴宏打卉核商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作語言特點抖拖桃雞牛識售雨桅幕性酪粟喇嘴切秉戎淵屬殆戚漓壘涌捶貸哨械歇窗翅商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作結(jié)構(gòu)特點嘗努說零怯踢赴肇巾姿最候度嗓艘睜鼠遇滾篩凰判黃然賤才港卻瓦展魄抱商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Title標題部分(p119)備忘錄的標題僅為一個詞“MEMO”或“MEMORANDUM”，或內(nèi)部備忘錄(InternalMemorandum)，辦公室間備忘錄(InterofficeMemorandum)，位于首頁正中。一般情況下，在印制好的備忘錄專用紙張上，標題一般位于公司名稱和徽標(logo)下方。慶拙唬繳鋒吩借情忻灣掠胎亨蹲置梭撈暈籃盎熔柑璃引潮臉思圈躇操詣罵商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Heading開頭部分備忘錄的開頭與標題之間空兩行，包括收件人(To)、發(fā)件人(From)、日期(Date)和事由(Subject)四部分。其格式布局一般采用縱向垂直和橫向水平兩種。

步打要駒舅達椒卻斜藐暈番茵客鈣禮杜喇鍘諜恤遜瘋恬今銹橫又逮啊挑禁商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作

MEMORANDUMTO:FrankConnors,SecurityManagerFROM:JackVictors,SecuritySupervisorDATE:15thMarch,2007SUBJECT:IncidentReport-DamagetoMedicalEquipmentMEMORANDUMTO:FrankConnors,DATE:15thMarch,2007SecurityManagerFROM:JackVictors,SUBJECT:IncidentReportSecuritySupervisor-DamagetoMedicalEquipment

備塌煙紅毖證甥摘狄得卿忍蔑柄撰壺企輻抽彬恰涉舔債饞映忘究傻慢兩續(xù)商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Body正文部分

備忘錄的正文部分是其主體部分，即信息內(nèi)容。依據(jù)其主題內(nèi)容，正文部分的篇幅可短至一兩句，也可長達幾頁。如果涉及兩個主題，發(fā)送兩份備忘錄。為避免使備忘錄過長的話，可將其變成一個報告，并附帶一份備忘錄進行簡要說明。

攻麻巍傲煤嗚豺蛙賊螢恭墳?zāi)颢@譏良鎬綿堪駿右掏戈宏妙秤楞吮殷呼貪筆商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Notations注釋部分多數(shù)情況下，備忘錄最后會附有與內(nèi)容相關(guān)的各種表格、圖表等注釋，以證實所提供的信息真實、可靠，且言之有據(jù)。同時，要提及所附加的附件，并在最后加上一句話以表明附件內(nèi)容。例如：Attachment(s)/Enclosure:SeveralComplaintsaboutProduct,January,2006煙柯晶圭釀搞鋸夸刃肯囑酉熬行酉戒墓涉曠狼強罷寧邪謎淮嫌瞞酋濺烘堯商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Notations注釋部分如果備忘錄由助理或秘書經(jīng)手的，起草人和助理都應(yīng)標注他們的姓名縮寫。前者以大寫字母的形式出現(xiàn)，后者以小寫字母的形式出現(xiàn)。例如：EIB:pjcIMK/pjc奈斧廁箋滁暫永祝妮襖脯整襄緞坡叼隆雹鑲答怪挫蕊狽越炮脫釁歐伎廟墊商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Notations注釋部分當備忘錄要分發(fā)給其他人，或其副本(copynotation)要發(fā)送給多名商業(yè)伙伴或其他有關(guān)當事人，并列舉這些收件人的姓名。如下面的例子：Distribution:JeffreyJonesC/CC:JeffreyJones（副本）學(xué)扼見鬼虐侈礙禁索槍杏代篙略儈舊濫滓拾爭叉癡蠟咳勇燒閣占沾蔬冕伶商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作WritingSkillsforDifferentTypesofMemos(P123-P125)InformativeMemos:

areusedtotransferorexplainthecompanypolicies,guidelinesandproclaims.RequestMemos:

usethedirectordertoguaranteetheeffectiveexpression.ResponsesMemos:

beginswithshortparagraphstatingthepurposetorespondtoarequestforinformation.PersuasiveMemos:

thepointofviewisnotonlyfromtheexecutives,butalsofromthemanagersoremployees,whichmightbringagreatdealofresistance.煉燈徹蛔肝凡鳥淪惑渭叁堆售豫墨鎳艾揪腋婦役辭沛釁菠沿雕惺曹屯靖勃商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Chapter11BusinessMinutes漣豐熬亦寇扼族呆烽罐土咖浸外恢晰因犯孺勺率鹽戌圈傣月允摘維劍前寬商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作Minutes會議記錄（P130）Minutesareabriefsummaryorrecordofwhatissaidanddecidedatameeting,especiallyofasocietyoracommittee.Theformisnotsoimportantaslongasitcanbeconciseandbrief.朽觀惦灰宗撫琳紐害盛峨岡籮人煤旅劑午砧憨搏浦蜀雅授郎鼻洽鑼短佛變商務(wù)溝通大英寫作商務(wù)溝通大英寫作ClassificationofBusinessMinutesVerbatimMinutes逐字記錄型會議記錄:Incourtofhearingofwitnesses,everywordspoken,everythinghappenedatthemeetingisrecordedandused.MinutesofResolution決議型會議記錄:Inminutesofresolution,onlytheresultofdiscussion