課件閱讀理解之推理判斷題課件

稻閱讀理解之推理判斷題考察目的：在理解原文字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對(duì)語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示做出合理的推測(cè)和符合文意的判斷。高頻考點(diǎn)：推測(cè)隱含含義，寫作意圖，觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度低頻考點(diǎn)：推斷下段內(nèi)容，文章出處，讀者對(duì)象原則：合文意，合情理，不可過渡推斷常見的設(shè)問方式(1)Whatcanweinferfromthetext?(2)Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?(3)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?(4)Whatisthepurposeofthistext?(5)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards...?(6)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(7)Wherecanthetextbefound?(8)Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribe...?(1)“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推斷出結(jié)果。正確選項(xiàng)特征(2)選項(xiàng)中一般不可以出現(xiàn)表示絕對(duì)概念的詞，如only,never,all和absolutely等;正確答案的表述一般會(huì)用一些相對(duì)能夠留下一些余地的詞，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly和probably等。干擾選項(xiàng)特征1.事實(shí)復(fù)述：僅僅對(duì)原文事實(shí)簡化陳述，而不是推斷出來的2.背離主題，無中生有：選項(xiàng)背離了文章的主題思想3.過度推斷：有時(shí)作者只是客觀地?cái)⑹鍪聦?shí)，并未做出評(píng)論，而一些選項(xiàng)卻主觀地進(jìn)行推斷。如提到一樣?xùn)|西貴，并不意味著買不起4.以偏概全：一些選項(xiàng)僅對(duì)某一句話進(jìn)行推斷，而忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全錯(cuò)誤

干擾選項(xiàng)特征5.擴(kuò)縮范圍：改變或者去掉almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually這些詞擴(kuò)大或縮小文意。題型一：細(xì)節(jié)推理題設(shè)問方式●Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.●Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_____

.●Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat_____.

●Whatcanweinferabout...?常見單詞：infer，indicate，imply，suggest，conclude，assume24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.(2023·新課標(biāo)I卷·B)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.(2023·新高考I卷閱讀B節(jié)選)ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.題型二：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題考察對(duì)人，事，物和內(nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度肯定：positive積極樂觀的;

optimistic樂觀的; favorable贊同的; approving贊成的; supportive支持的; reasonable合理的enthusiastic熱情的satisfied滿意的題型二：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題考察對(duì)人，事，物和內(nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度否定：disapproving不贊成的;critical批評(píng)的;negative否定的,消極的;

dismissive輕視的doubtful/skeptical/suspicious懷疑的;pessimistic悲觀的

impractical不切實(shí)際的radical激進(jìn)的prejudiced有偏見的disappointed讓人失望的題型二：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題考察對(duì)人，事，物和內(nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度中立：objective客觀的;

neutral中立的;unconcerned不關(guān)心的;

indifferent漠不關(guān)心的;uninterested不感興趣的;

unclear不清楚的ambiguous模棱兩可的題型二：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題考察對(duì)人，事，物和內(nèi)容的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度修飾人的：passionate熱情的

warm-hearted熱心腸的

considerate體貼的; demanding高要求的;generous慷慨的; persevering堅(jiān)韌的realiable可靠的capable有能力的confident自信的humorous幽默的題型二：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題做題思路：1.明確是誰和對(duì)什么事的態(tài)度

作者？

文中某人？2.明確表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的句子。think，believe，say,引號(hào)后面的句子3.明確表達(dá)態(tài)度的詞匯。valuable，hopeful，helpful，well，good.....worry,doubt,concerned,tobetested,notsure.......[典例](2023·新課標(biāo)I卷·D)OnMarch7，1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomof

crowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-making

areenormous.35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?

A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.

C.Doubtful.

D.Approving.31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner'sbook?A.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.(2023·全國甲卷閱讀C節(jié)選)Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解讀)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire，loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It'sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon'thavealotof.題型三：寫作意圖題全文的寫作意圖段落/細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖緊扣文章主題主旨判斷文章首尾段段落首尾句文體推斷法議論文說明文記敘文廣告文說明觀點(diǎn)，提倡做法to

prove/analyze

/show/

argue/persuade介紹事物或解釋現(xiàn)象tointroduce/explain/inform..講故事,分享經(jīng)歷，表達(dá)情感，感悟或啟示totellastory/toshareanexperience/toentertain/toinspire推銷產(chǎn)品，吸引顧客、游客to

attract

visitorsto

sella

producttopromote(推銷)...新聞報(bào)道toinform/report...題型三：寫作意圖題寫作手法的目的開篇提問講述相關(guān)之事舉例，引語或數(shù)據(jù)讓讀者關(guān)注主題，引出主題引出主題或者提供背景證明某一觀點(diǎn)或說明某個(gè)主題題型三：寫作意圖題

(2023·浙江1月卷閱讀C)A

machinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco，asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel'sformernationaldebatingchampion.

Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitsibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsof

errorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.題型三：寫作意圖題

AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There'sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit'stalkingabout.”28.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C.TointroducethedesignerofProject

Debater.D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.(2023·全國甲卷·C)Weinerstarts

eachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencities

andthenframeseachphilosopher'sworkinthecontext

(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theend

resultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlike

Socrates蘇格拉底，seelikeThoreau梭羅，listenlikeSchopenhauer叔本華,

andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche尼采.This,morethana

bookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookabout

learningtousephilosophytoimprovealife. 29.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosopher

inpara4?A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks. C.Topraisetheirwritingskills. D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner'sbook 題型四：寫作手法題常見的寫作手法時(shí)間順序法(timeorder)空間順序法(spaceorder)列數(shù)據(jù)(listingdata)舉例說明法(givingexample)比較與對(duì)比法(comparison)下定義和分類法(definitionandclassification)概括總結(jié)（conclusionandsummary）題型四：寫作手法題10.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelasttwo

paragraphs?A.Providingexamples.B.Makingasummary.C.Drawincomparisons.D.Explainingaconcept.題型四：寫作手法題

(2021·八省聯(lián)考節(jié)選)Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour....

Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething,andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.Thenhe“magically”makesitappearwholeagainbydisplaying(展示)anotherobjectthathasnotbeencutorburned.題型五：文章出處，文章類別，讀者對(duì)象看內(nèi)容判斷出處和類別所讀文章有極強(qiáng)的時(shí)效性，有日期，地點(diǎn)或通訊社名字→newspaper,newsreport新產(chǎn)品/新影片/演出介紹→advertisement文章中有網(wǎng)址或其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)典型用語,如click，mouse,link等→website旅游景點(diǎn)方面的介紹→travelguide,brochure，journal題型五：文章出處，文章類別，讀者對(duì)象看內(nèi)容判斷出處和類別時(shí)尚、名人或娛樂方面的介紹→magazine,journal,entertainmentsection，amusement科普知識(shí)/研究介紹→sciencereport,studyreport,research文化教育性的文章→educationsection活動(dòng)介紹→notice,announcement題型五：文章出處，文章類別，讀者對(duì)象

(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisace