2023年高考英語二輪復習講義+分層訓練-22 破解高考閱讀之主旨大意、事實細節(jié)題（解析版）（上海專用）

A專題22破解高考閱讀之主旨大意、事實細節(jié)題

考點精/

【考精鏈接】

■；根據(jù)上下文卜

上海高考英語關(guān)于閱讀理解要求考生應能：

詞義；作出簡單理解文章的理解

【要點梳理】

＞要點一：高考閱讀理解之主旨大意題

文章大意題

主

閱

旨

讀

大

理段落大意題

意

解

題

文章標題題

一、文章大意題

每一篇文章都有其大意，獲取大意的方法是找主題句。主題句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有時候也

出現(xiàn)在文章中間段落。閱讀的過程中應該對每段的主題句給予特別的關(guān)注。

【典例剖析】（2023靜安一模）

Itmaycomeasasurprisethat,inbuyingapie,youmightbeparticipatinginacarefullydesigned

social-scienceexperiment.Butthisiswhatonlinecomparisonshoppinghasbrought.Simplyput,the

conveniencetoknowthepriceofanything,anytime,anywhere,hasgivenus,theconsumers,somuchpowerthat

sellers—inadesperateefforttoregaintheupperhand,oratleastavoidextinction-arenowstaringbackthrough

thescreen.Theyaretryingto"comparisonshopping,,us.

“IntheInternetera,Idon'tthinkanyonecouldhavepredictedhowcomplicatedthesestrategieshave

become,"saysRobertDolan,aprofessoratHarvard.Thepriceofacanofsodainavendingmachinecannow

varywiththetemperatureoutside.Thepriceoftheheadphonesmaydependonhowbudget-consciousyourweb

historyshowsyoutobe.Thepricemayevenbeaffectedbythepriceofthemobilephoneyouuseforitemsearch.

Forshoppers,thatmeansprice-nottheoneofferedtoyourightnow,buttheoneofferedtoyou20minutesfrom

now,ortheoneofferedtome,ortoyourneighbor-maybecomeanincreasinglyunknowablething."Thereused

tobeonepricefbrsomething,“Dolannotes.Nowthetruepriceofpumpkin-piespiceissubjecttoalevelof

uncertainty.

46.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Theadvantagesofonlineshoppingovertraditionalshopping.

B.Measuressellerstaketomaximizeprofits.

C.Theanalysisofpricingmechanism.

D.ThebattlebetweenbuyersandsellersinInternetage.

【答案】46.C

【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述在網(wǎng)絡時代，因為受到很多因素的影響，物品的價格不

再是一成不變的了，文章對定價機制進行了分析

[46題詳解】

文章主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段"Itmaycomeasasurprisethat,inbuyingapie,youmightbeparticipatingina

carefullydesignedsocial-scienceexperiment.Butthisiswhatonlinecomparisonshoppinghasbrought.（買餡餅

時，你可能會參加一個精心設(shè)計的社會科學實驗，這可能會讓人感到驚訝。但這就是網(wǎng).上比價購物所帶

來的。）”和最后一段“"IntheInternetera,Idon'tthinkanyonecouldhavepredictedhowcomplicatedthese

strategieshavebecome,''saysRobertDolan,aprofessoratHarvard.（哈佛大學教授羅伯特?多蘭表示：“在

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代，我認為沒有人能夠預測這些策略會變得多么復雜。。）”可知，這篇文章主要講述在網(wǎng)

絡時代，因為受到很多因素的影響，物品的價格不再是一成不變的了，文章對定價機制進行了分析。故

選C。

二、標題歸納題

標題歸納類題目應該注意其醒目性、概括性和針對性。解題時抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一

些貫穿整篇文章始終的關(guān)鍵詞。干擾項特點：以偏概全；.斷章取義；主題擴大；張冠李戴；無中生有。

【典例剖析】（2023虹口一模）

Muchlikebeauty,artisintheeyeofthebeholder.Theartworkweareattractedtocangiveinsightintoour

personality,suchaswhetherwearetooquickortooslow,calmormoody.Studiesintoartpreferencesdateback

tothe1930s—mostofthemexaminingtheextenttowhichpeoplelikeordislikedifferentpaintings.Research

showsthataperson'sinterestinartismorestronglyrelatedtocertainpersonalitytraitsthantosocialclass,age,or

gender.

Inparticular,apersonalitytraitcalled“openness“isthebestpredictorofwhetherindividualsareinterested

inart.Ontheotherside,thosewhoidentifyas（——幺￡彳：茍的）“，areoftenlessdrawntothearts.

ThesetraitsarepartoftheBigFive,awidelyacceptedpersonalitytheorybasedonnearlyacenturyofresearch.

46.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Whatdoesyourtasteinartsayaboutyou?

B.Howtorevealone'spersonalitytraits?

C.Whydoweliketheartworkwelike?

D.Howtodiscoveryourartpreference?

【答案】46.A

【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是研究表明，一個人對藝術(shù)的興趣與某些個性特征的關(guān)

系更大，而不是與社會階層、年齡或性別的關(guān)系。

[46題詳解】

主旨大意題（標題歸納）。通讀全文，尤其是第一段uTheartworkweareattractedtocangiveinsightinto

ourpersonality,suchaswhetherwearetooquickortooslow,calmormoody.Studiesintoart

preferencesdatebacktothe1930s—mostofthemexaminingtheextenttowhichpeoplelikeordislike

differentpaintings.Researchshowsthataperson'sinterestinartismorestronglyrelatedtocertain

personalitytraitsthantosocialclass,age,orgender.（吸弓I我們的藝術(shù)作品可以洞察我們的個性，比如我

們是太快還是太慢，冷靜還是情緒化。關(guān)于藝術(shù)偏好的研究可以追溯到20世紀30年代，大多數(shù)研究都

是調(diào)查人們對不同繪畫作品的喜歡或不喜歡程度。研究表明，一個人對藝術(shù)的興趣與某些個性特征的關(guān)

系更大，而不是與社會階層、年齡或性別的關(guān)系。）”可知，本文主要講的是研究表明，一個人對藝術(shù)的

興趣與某些個性特征的關(guān)系更大，而不是與社會階層、年齡或性別的關(guān)系，因此最好的題目是A選項

“Whatdoesyourtasteinartsayaboutyou?（你的藝術(shù)品味說明了關(guān)于你的什么?）",故選A。

【典例剖析】（2023寶山一模）

Whendisasterstrikesacommunity,itisoftencriticalthatassistancebeprovidedrightaway.Thebestfirst

respondersarethepeoplewhocallthatareahome.TheCommunityEmergencyResponseTeam（CERT）program

teachescivilianshowtopreparethemselvesfordangersthatmightaffecttheircommunities.Teamsofvolunteers

aretrainedinbasicskillssuchasfiresafetyandprevention,searchandrescue,andfirstaid.Aftertraining,these

volunteerscanbegintoprovideimmediateassistanceintheconsequenceofdisastersbeforeprofessionalrescuers

arnve.

46.Whatwouldbethepropertitleforthepassage?

A.CERTandprofessionalrescueteamsareimportant

B.CERTisafolkbuthelpfulorganizationinAmerica

C.Ordinarypeoplecansavelivesinanaturaldisaster

D.Volunteerscaneffectivelypreventanaturaldisaster

【答案】46.C

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了社區(qū)應急響應小組（CERT）項目教平民如何為可能影響他

們社區(qū)的危險做好準備。說明了CERT團隊可以對社區(qū)產(chǎn)生巨大的影響，介紹了其積極作用以及人們對

其的看法。

[46題詳解】

主旨大意題（標題歸納）oo根據(jù)第一段中“TheCommunityEmergencyResponseTeam（CERT）program

teachescivilianshowtopreparethemselvesfordangersthatmightaffecttheircommunities.Teamsofvolunteers

aretrainedinbasicskillssuchasfiresafetyandprevention,searchandrescue,andfirstaid.Aftertraining,these

volunteerscanbegintoprovideimmediateassistanceintheconsequenceofdisastersbeforeprofessionalrescuers

arrive.（社區(qū)應急響應小組（CERT）項目教平民如何為可能影響他們社區(qū)的危險做好準備。志愿者隊伍

接受消防安全和預防、搜索和救援以及急救等基本技能的培訓。經(jīng)過培訓，這些志愿者可以在專業(yè)救援

人員到達之前，在災難發(fā)生后立即提供援助）”結(jié)合文章說明了CERT團隊可以對社區(qū)產(chǎn)生巨大的影響，

介紹了其積極作用以及人們對其的看法?？芍?，故C選項“普通人也能在自然災害中拯救生命”最符合

文章標題。故選C。

三、段落大意題

每個段落通常都有一個中心，段落主題句通常會出現(xiàn)在段落的首句或尾句，有時也會在中間。在閱讀中

應盡量利用有關(guān)信息確定主題句的位置。

【典例剖析】（2022楊浦二模）

Parents,teachersandcaregivershavelongsuspectedthemagicofstorytellingtocalmkids.Researchers

havenowquantifiedthebiologicalandemotionalbenefitsofawell-toldtale.

“Weknowthatnarrativehasthepowertotransportustoanotherworld,“saysGuilhenneBrockingtonfrom

BraziPsFederalUniversity."Earlierresearchsuggestedthatstorieshelpchildrenprocessandregulatetheir

emotions——butthiswasmostlyconductedinalaboratory,withsubjectsansweringquestionswhilelyinginside

functionalMRImachines.Therearefewstudiesonbiologicalandpsychologicaleffectsofstorytellinginamore

commonplacehospitalsetting.^^

63.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theeffectsofstory-tellingonchildren.

B.Thelimitationsoftheearlierresearch.

C.Themethodsusedinearlierstudies.

D.Themajorbreakthroughsachievedsofar.

【答案】63.B

【解析】本文是說明文，主要講的是研究人員現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)量化了一個講得好的故事在生理和情感上的好處。

（63題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Earlierresearchsuggestedthatstorieshelpchildrenprocessand

regulatetheiremotions—butthiswasmostlyconductedinalaboratory,withsubjectsansweringquestions

whilelyinginsidefunctionalMRImachines.Therearefewstudiesonbiologicalandpsychologicaleffectsof

storytellinginamorecommonplacehospitalsetting.（早些時候的研究表明，故事有助于兒童處理和調(diào)節(jié)他

們的情緒——但這主要是在實驗室中進行的，受試者躺在功能性核磁共振成像儀里回答問題。很少有關(guān)

于在更常見的醫(yī)院環(huán)境中講故事對生物和心理影響的研究。）”可知，第二段主要講的是早期研究的局限

性。故選B。

【典例剖析】（2022奉賢二模）

ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-child

imageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive—andnewlysingle—momSandra

Bullock,aswellastheusual"JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastone

celebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.

64.Paragraph2isintendedtoshowthat.

A.celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.

B.singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.

C.newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.

D.havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.

【答案】64.D

【解析】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述的是撫養(yǎng)孩子和幸福的關(guān)系。

【64題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Themagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacute

babyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewly

adoptiveandnewlysingle-momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnanf5news.

Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands』在雜志

封面上，一位迷人的母親抱著一個可愛的嬰兒，這并不是本周報攤上唯一一張麥當娜和孩子的照片。此

外，還有關(guān)于剛當上養(yǎng)母和單身母親的桑德拉?布洛克的故事，以及常見的“詹妮弗?安妮斯頓懷孕了'’的

新聞。實際上，每周至少有一位明星媽媽或準媽媽在報攤上微笑。）”可知，本段主要展示的是公眾非常

重視生孩子。故選D。

四、寫作意圖題

一般來說，寫作意圖題也是主旨大意題的一種（也有人把它歸為推理判斷題），寫作目的可以是段落

的寫作目的，也可以是文章的寫作目的，對于文章寫作目的而言，主要有以下幾種：

廣告推銷某種產(chǎn)品或某種服務，或是通過影片、圖書、電視節(jié)目、旅游景點等的介紹以吸引更

多的觀眾、讀者或游客等

說明文向人們展示某物的用途或制作過程

議論文論述一個道理或表達一個觀點

記敘文向人們分享經(jīng)歷、敘述一件事情或表達情感等

【典例剖析】（2023崇明一模）

ThewateroffthecoastofnorthwestGreenlandisaglass-likecalm,butthepuddles（水坑）ontheregion's

icebergsareasignthatatransformationisunderwayhigherontheicesheet.

SeveraldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnorthernGreenlandhavecausedrapidmelting,madevisibleby

theriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheocean.Temperatureshavebeenrunningaround60degreesFahrenheit一

10degreeswarmerthannormalforthistimeofyear,scientistssaid.

63.Thepassageismainlywrittento.

A.alertpeopletotherapidmeltingofGreenland'sicesheet

B.arousepeople'sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment

C.informpeopleofthelargeamountoficeGreenlandholds

D.revealtopeoplethecauseandeffectoftheriseinsealevel

【答案】63.A

【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了格陵蘭冰蓋的快速融化現(xiàn)象，說明地球正在變暖。

[63題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)笫MSeveraldaysofunusuallywarmweatherinnorthernGreenland

havecausedrapidmelting,madevisiblebytheriversofmeltwaterrushingintotheocean.Temperatureshave

beenrunningaround60degreesFahrenheit-10degreeswarmerthannormalforthistimeofyear,scientistssaid.

（格陵蘭島北部連續(xù)幾天異常溫暖的天氣導致了冰川的快速融化，融化的水涌入海洋。科學家表示，今

年這個時候的氣溫一直在華氏60度左右，比正常溫度高10度。）”可知，這篇文章主要是為了提醒人們

注意格陵蘭冰蓋的快速融化，地球正在變暖。故選A項。

要點二：高考閱讀理解之事實細節(jié)題

比較簡單，只需要帶著題干關(guān)鍵詞在文

直接信息題

中定位答案

隱蔽性比較強，正確選項是對文中信

間接信息題

e息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換或歸納概括

細節(jié)理解題

需要對文中提供的數(shù)字信息進行分析

數(shù)字計算題日

理解和簡單計算

代咿代題或名詞指代題。找出代詞或名詞指代的內(nèi)容

1.直接信息題——題干定位法

解答細節(jié)理解的直接信息題時，由于題目普遍較容易，不必通篇細讀全文，一般是先通過題干信息來選

擇定位關(guān)鍵詞。

運用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與題干有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，找出相關(guān)的句子，得出正確答案。

【典例剖析】（2023徐匯一模）

HebeggedhismotherformonthsforaguitarsothathecouldplayBlackEyedPeassongstoAngie,agirlhe

liked,butafterhefinallygotoneforChristmas,hefoundoutthatguitarsdon'tplaythemselves.Hetookafew

lessons,butthestringshurthisfingersandhedidn'tlikeholdingthepick,sonowthefive-hundreddollarguitar

livesunderhisbed.

36.WhydidJacobstopplayingtheguitar?

A.Ithurthisfingers.B.He'dratherplaydrums.

C.Itwastooexpensive.D.Hebecameinterestedincomicbooks.

【答案】36.A

【解析】

【36題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Hetookafewlessons,butthestringshurthisfingersandhe

didn'tlikeholdingthepick,sonowthefive-hundreddollarguitarlivesunderhisbed.（他上f幾節(jié)課，但琴弦

傷了他的手指，他不喜歡拿著撥片，所以現(xiàn)在這把價值500美元的吉他放在他的床底下。）”可知，雅各

布學吉他時琴弦傷了他的手指，所以他放棄學吉他了。故選A。

2.間接信息題——斷章取義法

考查間接信息題時，正確選項一般都會在原文基礎(chǔ)上進行改造。常用方式是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文

中語言（詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)）改頭換面，來表達相同的意思。

【典例剖析】（2023松江一模）

Iknewthatmymotherhadbeenatalentedpianist.Ivaguelyrecalleddancingunderthepianowhenshe

practicedforhourseveryday.Nowshecouldbarelyplayforourchurchchoirbecauseherfingerswere

snarledfromsomanydaysspentcleaningotherpeople'shomes.

57.Whatdoyouknowaboutthemotheraccordingtothearticle?

A.Sheregrettedbeingacleaningwoman.

B.Shequitherhobbytosupportthefamily.

C.Sherefusedthedaughter'srequestduetothetightbudget.

【答案】57.B

【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Iknewthatmymotherhadbeenatalentedpianist.Ivaguelyrecalled

dancingunderthepianowhenshepracticedforhourseveryday.Nowshecouldbarelyplayforourchurch

choirbecauseherfingersweregnarledfromsomanydaysspentcleaningotherpeople'shomes.（我知道我的母

親是一位有天賦的鋼琴家。我依稀記得她每天練習幾個小時，而我隨著曲子跳舞?，F(xiàn)在她幾乎不能為我

們教堂的唱詩班演奏了，因為她的手指因為長時間打掃別人的房子而變得粗糙廣可知，作者的媽媽為了

養(yǎng)家糊口而放棄了自己的愛好。故選B。

3.數(shù)據(jù)題、排序題——查讀分析法

數(shù)據(jù)題多考查時間、金錢、年齡、人或物的數(shù)量等，其選項均與數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)。如果題干直接引用原文詞語

或轉(zhuǎn)述原文某個句子，我們可采用直接查閱法，在材料中直接查找題干中的關(guān)鍵信息，然后去計算或匹

配相應的數(shù)據(jù)。排序題是?種將多項事實進行排序的細節(jié)理解題，要求考生根據(jù)事件或動作發(fā)生的先后

順序以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件或事物發(fā)展變化的正確順序。解題時可按照事件發(fā)展或說明事

物的邏輯順序、不同空間或不同時間背景進行排序。

【典例剖析】（2022寶山二模）

Haveyouevertriedanescaperoom?IfirstexperiencedoneinMontana,U.S.A,withmywife,Pauline.We

wenttoonetocelebrateherfather'sbirthday.Herentirefamilylovesgamesandpuzzles,sotryinganescape

roomwasaperfectactivityforus.Theroom'sthemewas“themissingscientist."Weplayedtheroleof

investigatingdetectives.Weenteredtheroomanddiscoveredwewere“trapped."Wethenhadonly60minutesto

escapebeforetheroom“exploded.”

PaulineandInowliveinTaipei.Wetriedourfirstescaperoomhereoverayearago.Itwassuchanamazing

experiencethatwedidtwomorealmostimmediatelyafterward.WehavebecomecompletelyhookedonTaipei's

escaperooms.

61.Specifically,howmanytimeshadthewriterandhiswifeexperiencedescaperoomsmentionedinthe

passage?

A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.

【答案】61.D

【解析】【61題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“IfirstexperiencedoneinMontana,U.S.A,withmywife,

Pauline」我第一次玩密室逃脫是和我的老婆波琳在美國蒙大拿州玩的。廣以及第三段的“PaulineandInow

liveinTaipei.Wetriedourfirstescaperoomhereoverayearago.Itwassuchanamazingexperiencethatwedid

twomorealmostimmediatelyafterward」波琳和我現(xiàn)在生活在臺北。一年前我們在這里玩了我們的第一次

密室逃脫游戲。這是一次如此奇妙的經(jīng)歷以至于之后我們又玩了兩次。廣可知，作者在美國玩了1次，

然后在臺北玩「3次，因此總共玩了4次。故選D。

【典例剖析】

TheLakeDistrictAttractionsGuide

DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens

History,Culture&Landscape.Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebrated

andaward-winninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometothe

InternationalMarmaladeFestival.Giftsandantiques,plantsales,museums&MediaevalHall

Tearoom.

Open:29Mar-29Oct,SuntoThurs.

Tearoom,Gardens&GiftShop:10.30-17.00(16.00inOct).

House:11.15-16.00(15.00inOct).

Town:PooleyBridge&Penrith

21.WhenistheHouseatDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensopenonSundaysinJuly?

A.09.30-17.30.B.10.30-16.00.

C.11.15-16.00.D.12.00-16.30.

【答案】21.C

【解析】本文是應用文。文章介紹了英格蘭湖區(qū)的四個景點的概況、開放時間和所在的城鎮(zhèn)。

21.根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞House、DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens>open>July,我們可將答案定

位到DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens部分中的House:11.15-16.00(15.00inOct)。通過直接查

閱可鎖定答案為C項。

【典例剖析】

Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸微器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswherethe

liquidisnotreadilyavailable....

lbconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Try

tomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher'sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpart

ofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup

—andout—thesideofthehole.

Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthe

sheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone（圓錐體）with45-degree-angledsides.

Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.

34.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?

A.Digaholeofacertainsize.

B.Putthecupinplace.

C.Weightthesheet'scenterdown.

D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.

【答案】34.C

【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了如何自制太陽能蒸儲器以便在野外獲取飲用水。

34.根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞laststep和constructingaworkingsolarstill可將答案定位到第二、三段。由本部

分內(nèi)容可知，制作一個蒸儲器裝置的步驟如下：①Digaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep;②Place

yourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole;③Laythetubeinplace;④Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet;⑤

Weightthesheet'scenterdownwitharock。由此可知，制作一個能正常運轉(zhuǎn)的蒸鐳器裝置的最后一步是用

石塊將塑料薄膜的中心位置壓下去，故選C項。

然送標綻

?

[例1]You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenterocean

ecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWong

wantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewersto

re-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalledctStrawpocalypse,“apairof10-fbot-tallplastic

waves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,the

sculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）of

plasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,

becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartwork

likelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltake

centuriestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrateaspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload's

worthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,“VbnWongandagroupof

volunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeen

dumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.

VbnWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.

31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists1OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B?MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

【答案】D

【解析】標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者講述了藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong（本杰明.馮?王）用塑料

垃圾制作巨型雕塑以期望喚起人們對環(huán)保問題的關(guān)注的事跡，因此D項（海洋塑料變雕塑）適合作文章標

題。故選D。

【例2】Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation（孤獨）,more

familiesarechoosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,sheliveson

thegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberof

multigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdooranda

washingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomontheground

floor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,"saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:"Wespoke

morewithNickbecauseIthinkit*sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”

AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?

Yes,IthinkIwould.^^

It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershave

beenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationsliving

togetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;

manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of

25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnumberofallmultigenerational

householdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmly

rooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamily

whentheygetmarried.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.

B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.

D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段可知，由于年輕人負擔不起離家的費用，而老年

人又面臨著孤獨的風險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起。由此可知，文章主要講述了聚居在英國是一種

呈上升趨勢的生活方式。故選D。

[例3]Thecreativeteambehind"Apes”usedmotion-capture（動作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalized

animals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlater

processesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes.”

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout"Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

【答案】B

【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)本段第一句可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團隊利用動作捕捉技術(shù)來創(chuàng)造數(shù)

字化動物，在記錄演員表演和后期加工處理上花費了上千萬美元，最后創(chuàng)造出了猿的圖像。由此可知，

本段主要是關(guān)于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造。故選B。

【例4】Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwe

wanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuch

moreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhaps

thisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsfor

admissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeople

ofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosay

thatmembersoftheirgender（性別）arenreally,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthat

belief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare"really,reallysmart.'1Can

ourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknow

theanswer:absolutelynot.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtosee

flashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors（因素）

likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescome

fromthosewith^intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力），andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochange

theworld.'1

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlike

B.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligence

D.GeniusandLuck

【解析】主旨大意題。A項（天才的想法相同）文章沒有涉及；C項（天才和智力）只是文章的一個細

節(jié)不能作為文章的主旨；D項（天才和運氣）也只是在文章的最后稍微提起，也只是文章的一個小細

節(jié)。根據(jù)文章的最后一句Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith''intelligence,creativity,

perseverance（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”正如一位作家所說，未來

的天才來自那些具有“智慧、創(chuàng)造力和毅力”的人和簡單的好運，那些能改變世界的人。縱觀全文可知，

天成具有多樣性，故選B項。

【例5】IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubs

thathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecided

togivethemround-the-clockcareathome.

I'vegottwochildren一theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofus

reallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'twoniedaboutbringingthem

intomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthatthere

wasabsolutelynorisk.

4.Whydidtheauthorbringthetigercubshome?

A.Toensuretheirsurvival.B.Toobservetheirdifferences.

C.Toteachthemlifeskills.D.Toletthemplaywithhiskids.

[4題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecided

togivethemround-the-clockcareathome.（在全球范圍內(nèi)，動物園里三分之一的蘇門答臘老虎幼崽活不到

成年，所以我決定在家里全天候照顧它們）”可知，作者把老虎幼崽帶回家是為了確保他們的存活。故

選Ao

【例6】AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthat

couldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacinga

laborshortage.

SalahSu