高中范圍10種語法時(shí)態(tài)課件高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)

SixteenTensesinEnglish高中范圍十種語法時(shí)態(tài)主講人：Clara一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在do/doesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing過去Didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing將來will/shalldowill/shallbedoingwill/shallhavedonewill/shallhavebeendoing過去將來would/shoulddowould/shouldbedoingwould/shouldhavedonewould/shouldhavebeendoing英語中的十六種時(shí)態(tài)，標(biāo)紅為高中必考一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):do/does1.表示習(xí)慣的、永久性的或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（常與everyday,often,sometimes,always,normally,rarely等狀語連用。Heseldomeatsmeat.Ineversituplateintothenight.2.表示特征、能力或現(xiàn)時(shí)的情況或狀態(tài)。Shelovesmusic.Shelivesinavillaatthefootofthehill.3.表示普遍真理、事實(shí),也用在格言中。Waterboilsat100℃.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.時(shí)不待人。4.在由when,before,assoonas,till/until,if,aslongas,although/though,as,whatever等引導(dǎo)的表示時(shí)間、條件、讓步、比較等狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。Youwillsurelysucceedifyoutryyourbest.Ishalltellherthenewstheminuteshegetshere.在if的條件從句中可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will:Ifthecarwon'tstart,callmeanytime.will表一時(shí)的傾向Ifhewon'ttellusthetruth,we'llaskhisclassmates.will表意愿Ifyouwillwaitamoment,I'llgoandtellthemanagerthatyouarehere.will表意愿Ifyouwaitamoment,I'llletyouin.客觀情況if的條件從句中，當(dāng)主句的結(jié)果是從句時(shí)，可以在從句中用will:Openthewindowifitwillhelpyousleep.5.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可用于指將來時(shí)間,表示按時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件,或者事先安排好的動(dòng)作。常用的動(dòng)詞有:be,arrive,begin,come,start,depart,end,leave,go,stop,finish,open,close等。Whendoesheleaveforthesouth?Heleavesnextweek.TheplanetakesoffateightandarrivesinBeijingateleven.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以表示將來，但前者多表示非個(gè)人的計(jì)劃，指按時(shí)間安排將發(fā)生的事,而后者一般表示說話人自己打算干什么。lleavetomorrow.(aplannotnecessarilymadebyme)Iamleavingtomorrow.(1havedecidedtoleave)WestartforShanghaitomorrowmorning.(日程表上安排好不變的事情)WearestartingforShanghaitomorrowmorning.(打算,可以有變動(dòng))6.在新聞標(biāo)題、歷史簡介、小說章節(jié)標(biāo)題或小說、電影、戲劇情節(jié)介紹、圖片說明中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。USpresidentholdstalkswithBritishPrimeMinister.EX-PRESIDENTDIES7.代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):“itbe+時(shí)間+since”結(jié)構(gòu)。Itis/hasbeen10yearssinceItookthecollegeentranceexamination.8.表示仍舊有影響的已故人物的言行或狀態(tài),或引用書面材料。Chaucerwritesthatloveisblind.Shellysays,"Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?”9.有時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)連用,因?yàn)樗r(shí)間點(diǎn)不同。Asthetowndoesnothaveanyentertainingplacestogo,wespenttheeveningtreatingtheforeignfriendstosomerealChinesefood.長期客觀的情況過去某次行為二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/aredoing1.表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的、或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事。It'sblowinghard.正在進(jìn)行Johnislosinghair.現(xiàn)階段Ageistellingonher.她漸漸老了2.表示按最近計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或即將開始或結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。此類的動(dòng)詞常有:go,leave,come,arrive,land,meet,move,start等。lampublishingabookthisyear.計(jì)劃Whenabirdisdying,itscryispitiful.即將鳥之將死，其鳴也哀3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,forever,continually,constantly等連用，表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，使人感到不滿、厭倦或不合理,有時(shí)還表示贊賞、滿意。Heisperpetuallyinterferinginmyaffairs.不滿Themanisalwaysboasting.厭倦Thestudentsaremakingprogressconstantly.滿意4.wonder,hope等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示委婉語氣,尤其想要表現(xiàn)得禮貌或友好,在不確定對方作何反應(yīng)時(shí)。Yousaidthattherewereonly50booksintheboxes.Iamjustwondering

whetheryoucountedthemall?比ljustwonder更禮貌I'mhopingyou'llgiveussomesuggestions.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示命令、拒絕、不同意,通常只指一次性動(dòng)作。Youarenotgoing.你不要去。You'resittingoverthere.你坐那邊去。6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可以表示否定意義或言外之意。Youarewastingtime!別浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了!不耐煩Youaretellingme!你在教我做事!(不用你說!)Nowyouaretalking.終于說人話了!(這還差不多)注意:如果動(dòng)詞含有以下幾種意思，一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。1)心理活動(dòng):love,like，hate,know,understand,realize,remember,believe,agree,etc.;2)屬性或擁有:have,own,possess,belongto,consistof,etc.;3）感官類系動(dòng)詞:seem,appear,look,sound,taste,etc.;4)行為結(jié)果:accept,admit,receive,allow,decide,promise,etc.Ibelieveyounow.Thegroupcurrentlyconsistsoffivepeople.但是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或只持續(xù)目前一段時(shí)間的情況時(shí)，也可以根據(jù)語境使用進(jìn)行時(shí)。Jeanstayswithusquiteoften.Thechildrenlovehavingherhere.狀態(tài)Jean'swithusatthemoment.Thechildrenarelovinghavingherhere.強(qiáng)調(diào)此刻的情形Iregretthatthecompanywillhavetobesold.我做了這個(gè)決定且感到遺憾Iamregrettingmydecisiontogiveherthejob．我越發(fā)意識(shí)到這是錯(cuò)誤的決定三、一般過去時(shí):did1.表示過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。WehadagrandviewofaseaofcloudswhenweclimbedtothetopoftheYellowMountain.2.表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。Whereverhetravelledinthoseyears,hewrotedownwhathesawandheard.3.在表示時(shí)間或條件等的狀語從句中代替過去將來時(shí)。Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.Wewouldnotleaveuntilshecame

back.4.表示某種感情色彩。Youaskedforit!你自找的!(責(zé)備)ltoldyouso.我早就告訴過你。(你就是不聽)wouldrainwouldcome四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/weredoing1.表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某階段內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Hewasplayingtabletennisatfiveyesterdayafternoon.Thestudentswerestillsingingwhentheteachersteppedin.2.用于時(shí)間過條件狀語從句中表示過去將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Shetoldmetowakehimupifhewassleeping.(wouldbesleeping)3.表示某種持續(xù)動(dòng)作作為背景（某種畫面、情形),以此引出一般過去時(shí)表示的新動(dòng)作。Iwasleavingtheofficewhenthetelephonerang.正要做某事忽然發(fā)生另外一件事(意外)Thebabywascryingandsuddenly,thecryingstopped.(情形)4.表示按計(jì)劃安排過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,過去的預(yù)想。Shewasdepartingthenextmonth.=SheplannedtodepartHeknewthattheplanewastakingoffintenminutes.5.與forever,continually,always,constantly等連用,表示某種感情色彩。Shewasalwayschanginghermind.

不滿hewasforevermakingmistakes.6.表示將來的情況，有時(shí)表示不耐煩等情緒。Ithoughtyouwerenevercoming.我以為你再不來了呢。I'dratheryouweregoingatonce.我寧愿你立即走。(虛擬語氣)7.表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算。Hewaswatchingthegameyesterday,buthewastoobusy.本來要看的Thematchwastakingplacethenextday,butithadtobecancelledbecauseoftheheavyrain.原定第二天舉行過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)比較:1).過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過去反復(fù)做的動(dòng)作，而^般過去時(shí)表示只做一次的動(dòng)作。Hewaswavinghishand.他不斷地?fù)]手。Hewavedhishand.他揮了揮手。2).過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行尚未完成的動(dòng)作，而一般過去時(shí)則表示已完成的動(dòng)作。Theyweretalkingaboutit.Ididn'twanttodisturbthem.他們正在談?wù)揟heytalkedaboutitandmadeadecision.他們談了那件事并作了決定3).過去進(jìn)行時(shí)略帶感情色彩,而一般過去時(shí)則表示客觀陳述。Hewasalwaysleavinghisclothesonthefloor!他老把衣服扔在地上(責(zé)備)Helefthisclothesonthefloor.他把衣服扔在地上(客觀陳述)五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/hasdone1.表示過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,著眼于現(xiàn)在。常與yet,just,before,recently,once,lately,ever,never等不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用,不能與特定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用(e.g.in2020,lastyear)Thepasthasvanishedlikesmoke.往事如煙/逝者往矣。lhaveheardJohnsaysomethingagainstyouonseveraloccasions.2.表示一個(gè)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間狀語連用,如sofar,uptonow,sincelastyear,foralongtime,allmylife,forages,allday,duringthepast/lastfewyears,thesedays,etc.Shehasbeenawayfromschoolduringthelastfewweeks.Uptonow,wehavehadnonewsfromher.3.一般非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用,但是在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可以。Ihaveboughtthebookforamonth.x

→lhavehadthebookforamonth.Ihaven'tboughtanythingforamonth.

√4.在after,assoonas,if,till,when等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)。IshallgotoseeyouwhenIhavefinishedmyhomework.

(willhavefinished)5.以下句型要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):It/Thisis/willbethefirst/second/last..timethat...It/Thisisthebest/worst/mostinteresting/adj最高級(jí)＋名詞+that.Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhersing.Itisthemostinterestingnovel(that)hehaseverwritten.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)比較:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)重在說明現(xiàn)在的情況,表示過去與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果;一般過去時(shí)則只涉及過去的行為或狀況本身。試比較:Ihavereadthenovel.強(qiáng)調(diào)了解這部小說內(nèi)容/完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)Ireadthenovellastweek.強(qiáng)調(diào)上周做的動(dòng)作(閱讀小說)Mychiefpurposehasbeentofindarealsolution.一直在努力Mychiefpurposewastofindoutarealsolution.過去的努力lcanspeaksomeSpanishbecauseI

havelived

(live)inSpainforoneyear.現(xiàn)在仍住西班牙IcanstillspeaksomeSpanishbecausel

lived

(live)inSpainforoneyear.與現(xiàn)在不接軌,說明是過去住西班牙一段時(shí)間六、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):have/hasbeendoing1.表示一個(gè)從過去某時(shí)開始發(fā)生,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。Aren'tyoutired?You'vebeenworkinghereallday.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucyhasbeenconsideringgoingbacktoschool.2.表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束(有時(shí)指出結(jié)果)。I'vejustbeenwavinggood-byetoher.3.表示某種感情色彩。Who'sbeentellingyousuchnonsense?誰告訴你這種無稽之談的?（氣憤)Youhavebeengivingmeeverything.你給了我一切(感激)4.表示重復(fù)(指斷斷續(xù)續(xù),而非一直不停)。We'vebeendiscussingthematterseveraltimesthisyear.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)比較;1).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)剛剛完成的動(dòng)作,或某個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,也可表示延續(xù)性;現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。Ihavethoughtitover.(已經(jīng)考慮過)Ihavebeenthinkingitover.(一直在考慮)Becareful!Jimhasbeenpaintingthedoor.(油漆沒干)Jimhaspaintedthedoor.(油漆可能已干,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)

2).現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)性;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示反復(fù)（但同always,often等連用也可表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作）。Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近經(jīng)常同他見面嗎?Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近見過他嗎?現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)比較:3).現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有感情色彩;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般平鋪直敘，偶爾帶有感情色彩。lhavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.(可能不耐煩)lhavewaitedforyoufortwohours.(說明一個(gè)事實(shí))4).love,know等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。HehaslovedHelensincehewasinmiddleschool.

不用:Hehasbeenloving.….Theyhaveknowneachotherfortenyears.

不用:Theyhavebeenknowing...七、過去完成時(shí):haddone1.表示在過去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某個(gè)具體時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動(dòng)作或情況。Bytheendoflastweek,shehadwrittentwopapers.2.過去完成時(shí)常用在有hardly,scarcely,barely,nosooner...than等副詞的句子中。Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.3.intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)本來打算做而沒有做的事。Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.我本來昨天要去看你的，但是剛出門就有人來訪。(=intendedtohavecalledon)Wehadmeanttotellherthenewsbutfoundthatshewasn’tin.

我們本想把消息告訴她的，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)她不在家。(=meanttohavetold)提示:after,before,when從句中，有時(shí)候可用一般過去時(shí)，有時(shí)候可用過去完成時(shí)。根據(jù)情況決定。Janewentouttotheparkaftershehadread/readthepaper.Beforehecame,hehaddiscussed/discusseditwiththemanager.4.hope,expect,think,want等詞的過去完成時(shí)常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中。Hedidbetterthanwehadthought.Thingswentmoresmoothlythanwehadexpected.5.first/second/third/lasttime同過去完成時(shí)連用。Itwasthefirsttimehehadlostthegame.Itisthefirsttimehehaslostthegame.八、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):hadbeendoing1.表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛結(jié)束,可能延續(xù)下去,也可能不延續(xù)。ShesaidthatshehadbeentypingapaperbeforeIcamein.試比較:Shewasfifty.Shehadbeenwritingthenovelsinceshewasthirty.她已經(jīng)50歲了，自30歲起她就寫這部小說了。(50歲時(shí)候仍在寫)Hecamehomeateleven.Shehadbeenwaitingforhimfortwohours.他11點(diǎn)回家來的,她已等了他兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(11點(diǎn)時(shí)不等了)2.表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作、企圖、情緒、最近的情況等。Hehadbeentellingyouthis.他多次跟你說這件事。試比較:Thegirlhadcleareduptheroom,soitwasverytidy.(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)Themanhadbeenclearinguptheroom,sowehadtowaitoutside.

(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù))九、一般將來時(shí):will/shalldo1.表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Ishallbelatehometonight.HewillgraduatefromHarvardUniversitynextyear.2.表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也表示傾向、習(xí)慣、必然發(fā)生的事。Springwillcomeagain.Oilandwaterwillnotmix.3.可以表示將來時(shí)的一些結(jié)構(gòu):(1).begoingtodo表示決定、打算要做什么事,或有跡象表明即將發(fā)生、可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況,有趨勢。lamgoingtobuyanewcoatthiswinter.(主觀打算)Theiceisgoingtobreak!(客觀跡象)begoingto和will區(qū)別will表示說話人認(rèn)為有望發(fā)生的事,可指遙遠(yuǎn)的將來;begoing

to指有跡象表明某事即將或肯定發(fā)生,表示客觀事情的發(fā)展。Hewillgetbetter.他的病會(huì)好的。(認(rèn)為最終會(huì)恢復(fù)健康,不指

立馬恢復(fù))Heisgoingtogetbetter.他的病就要好了。(指有恢復(fù)的跡象)Don‘tstandonthatrock.It’sgoingtofall.不要站在那塊巖石上，它要倒了。(跡象)Don‘tstandonthatrock,Itwillfall.不要站在那塊巖石上，它會(huì)倒的。

(站在巖石上導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果)begoingto和will均可表示“意圖”，但事先考慮過的意圖用begoingto,不是事先考慮的意圖用will.--Whyhaveyoutorntheletterintopieces?--I

amgoingtorewriteit.(事先考慮的)--Itisreallyabigstone.--I

will

helpyoutoremoveit.(臨時(shí)決定,不經(jīng)考慮)(2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表將來(參照之前所學(xué))(3)betodo1)此結(jié)構(gòu)表示計(jì)劃、安排,或用來征求意見。ThehighwayistobeopeninMay.TheyaretobemarriedinOctober.AmItotakeoverhiswork?我是不是要接管他的工作?(征求意見)2)表示應(yīng)該怎么做或應(yīng)該發(fā)生什么，也表示命令、禁止、義務(wù)或可能性。接近should,could,must,oughtto等。Youaretoblameforyourcarelessness.都怪你粗心，鬧成這樣。(should)Youarenottosmokeintheroom.(must)Nooneistoleavetheofficewithoutpermission.(can)Wesearchedeverywherebuttheringwasnottobefound.(could)(3)表示不可避免將要發(fā)生某事,必然要發(fā)生的事,后來將發(fā)生的事。Betterdaysaresoontofollow.Theworstisstilltocome.(4)beabouttodo用于表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,句中不用具體表示將來的時(shí)間狀語。Sitdowneveryone.Thefilmisabouttostart.

√Thelectureisabouttobegin.×Thelectureisabouttobeginsoon.注意:benotaboutto的意思是“不愿意,不打算”。Johnisnotabouttodothatagain.約翰不愿再做那件事了。(=notwillingto)(5)beonthepoint/verge/eve/brinkof,表示即將發(fā)生的事。Heisonthepointofmakingaround-the-worldtour.Thecountryisonthebrinkofdisaster.那個(gè)國家正處于災(zāi)難的邊緣。Thetwocountriesareonthevergeofwar.這兩個(gè)國家正瀕于戰(zhàn)爭。試比較幾種結(jié)構(gòu):Ishallsailforthedesertisland.(單純未來)Iwillsailforthedesertisland.(意愿)Isailforthedesertisland.(計(jì)劃好)Iamsailingforthedesertisland.(計(jì)劃,可變動(dòng))lamtosailforthedesertisland.(事先計(jì)劃,較正式)lamabouttosailforthedesertisland.(快發(fā)生)lamonthepointofsailingforthedesertisland(即將發(fā)生)十、將來進(jìn)行時(shí):will/shallbedoing1.表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?2.代替一般將來時(shí)。I'llbeseeingMr.Jacksontomorrow.(=will)Stopthechildorhewillbefallingover.(=will)3.用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)詢問別人的計(jì)劃、打算，比用一般將來時(shí)更禮貌；也可表示較緩和的命令或碰巧發(fā)生的事。Willyoubestayingherel