2023年全國統(tǒng)一高考英語試卷(北京卷)（含答案）

2023年北京市高考英語試卷

第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Iwasalwaystimid（羞怯的）.Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven1,soitwassurprisingI'd

toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayingtheprice-towriteafive-pageessayon“WhyIShouldNot

TalkinClass,\Thatwouldtakeallnight!

AfterIgothome,though.Itookmytimepettingthecat-postponingthepain.

WhenIfinallysatdownto3,1beganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.

Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom4.Oneparagraphdown;nowwhat?Ichewedonmy

pencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal?WithouttheeducationIwasthrowing

away,I'dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.^^Thepages

began5.

Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill6、"Fivepages!That'simpossible!,,

“Well,you'dbettergetbacktowork,^^shesaid,"andIwanttoreaditwhenyou'rethrough.

Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpecteda7-atleastan“Ihopeyou'velearned

yourlesson”.8,mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.

Thenextday,whenMsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould9theyweren't

makingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My10stillneededsome

nudging（激發(fā)）,butIdidlearnIwasn'tshyinprint.

1.A.freerB.shyerC.calmerD.happier

2.A.nodB.pointC.listenD.chat

3.A.weepB.restC.writeD.read

4.A.learningB.playingC.planningD.laughing

5.A.standingoutB.flyingbyC.breakingupD.checkingin

6.A.celebratingB.longingC.complainingD.warning

7.A.lectureB.reasonC.rewardD.solution

8.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.MeanwhileD.Instead

9.A.hopeB.imagineC.tellD.predict

10.A.patienceB.confidenceC.toleranceD.independence

第二節(jié)（共15分）

A

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空.在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空.

Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守時).I'mBritish.Soonafter

movingtoSwitzerland,I1](throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guests

showedup12(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourfor

adinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest13(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.

B

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。

Mangroves,knownas“redfbresf,inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.

When14(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.

Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect15(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,they

arepraisedas"coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China16(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswith

mangroves.

C

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空.

Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention17

globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,18thousandswere

attendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction19(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld

20(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunning

throughaglobalcampaigncaHed“RunBlue”.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B,C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositive

differenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsfora

four-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.

TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint（沖刺）.

4-WeekLearningSprint

The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.

ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,

participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic-specificreflectiontask.

The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.

Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport-based

project,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.

RequirementsfortheApplicants

?Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.

?Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.

?Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.

?Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.

?Youaresei件motivatedandcommitted.

?Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.

?Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers（同伴）.

?Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.

21.Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill.

A.createchangeintheircommunityB.attendavirtuallearningprogramme

C.meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD.promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject

22.IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto

A.completeareflectiontaskeachweekB.watchsportsontheIOCchannel

C.workonasport-basedprojectD.coachandadvisetheirpeers

23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?

A.Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.B.Havingatleastone-yearworkexperience.

C.Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.D.Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.

Sittinginthegardenfbrmyfriend'sbirthday.Ifeltzbuzz（振動）inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsaw

theemailsender'sname.Theemailstartedoff:"DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest"and"thereview

processtooklongerthanexpected.^^Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…"andmyvisionblurred（模糊）.

Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme-had

feltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfbr.

Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendofthe

roadfbrmysciencecareer.

SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,

invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequally

shocked—andoveijoyed——whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.

Whatsheproposeddidn'tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.

Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesfbrcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.

Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofiainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvived

thelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn't.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.

WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesired

researchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethat

hadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective（視角）tokeepit

fromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalso

excitedabout.

Ratherthansettingplansinstone,TvelearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,

eveniftheydon'tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.

24.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender'sname?

A.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.

25.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto.

A.criticisethereviewprocessB.staylongerintheSaharaDesert

C.applytotheoriginalprojectagainD.puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork

26.Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas.

A.demandingB.inspiringC.misleadingD.amusing

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Aninvitationisareputation.B.Aninnovationisaresolution.

C.Arejectioncanbearedirection.D.Areflectioncanbearestriction.

Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantproblemin

industrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-tcnncausesandconsequencesleadstosomeofthe

world'smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColeargues

thattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyof

theinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.

Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias（偏向）towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthe

momentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.In

business,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,it

translatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices（犧牲）todaythatcouldmakeamajordifference

tomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter'sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.

Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatour

psychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People'shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,but

thereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsabout

thefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:"It'scoldthiswinter,soIneedn'tworryaboutglobal

warming."Anotheristhatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignore

longer-termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradual

biodiversitydecline.

Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens（夕卜星人）wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn'tsendships;they

wouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopafbnnof

collective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutof

theordinary.Olderpeopletoday,fbrexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlong

drives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.

28.TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto.

A.drawacomparison

B.introduceatopic

C.evaluateastatement

D.highlightaproblem

29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.

B.Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.

C.Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.

D.Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.

30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.

B.Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.

C.Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.

D.Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-tenndesires.

Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:we

knowofjustonetypeoflifeandit'schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificial

life-calledALifefbrshort-isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife'sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthese

practitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.

Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetfbrcriticism,

suchasdeclarationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuch

complaints.Askingabout“thepoint“ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays."Theexistenceof

alivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything."Alansays."Somepeopleaskme,"Sowhat'stheworthof

artificiallife?5Doyoueverthink,'Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?5

AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch'sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallife

couldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALifb'scousininthatresearchersinboth

fieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution（演化）.Thisisthecapacityfbrasystemtocreate

essentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof""noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth's

biosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife'sendless“creativity“insomevirtualmodel,thosesame

principlescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.

ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeis

afieldinwhichthecentralconcept——lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn't

helpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,

ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled（混亂的）progressionisastakingparallel（平行線）to

theevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.

Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmay

be,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren'tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoall

actsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,

justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.

31.RegardingAlanSmith'sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.

A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful

32.Whatdoestheword“enamored"underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.

C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?

B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?

C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?

D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?

第二節(jié)（共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并

選項中有兩項為多余選項。

It'sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymake

decisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.

35

WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they'reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnot

countedinrankings.36

Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteaching

thancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.37Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsis

surprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemost

importantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.

Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.

Administratorsoftendon'tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment（注冊）orfunding.

38Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatisthe

result?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.

39Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwith

moreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrank

schools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.

Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswhere

high-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.

A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.

B.Therefore,it'snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.

C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.

D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.

E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.

F.They'reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.

G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.

第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4題；第（1）、（2）題各2分，第（3）題3分，第（4）題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題.

Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsas

theyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybe

helpfulinchangingbadhabits.

Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseof

pursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues（刺激）withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.

Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered（觸發(fā)）bythese

cues.

A“habitloop（環(huán)）“isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsare

calledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,

whichproducesthereward-thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it'snot

necessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep-rootedurge,asahabitis.

Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,it's

possibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,including

theindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmany

monthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre-evaluatewhatyou

getoutofthem(ordon't).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechange

reflectsyourvalues.

40.Howarehabitsbuilt?

41.Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.

43.Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(Inabout40words)

第二節(jié)(20分)

44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim正在策劃一次以“綠色北京”為主題的社團活動，他

發(fā)來郵件詢問你的建議.請你用英文給他回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：

(1)活動形式；

(2)活動內(nèi)容.

注意：(1)詞數(shù)100左右；

(2)開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù).

DearJim,

Yours,