大學(xué)英語語法并列與從屬省公開課一等獎(jiǎng)全國示范課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

并列與隸屬是兩種不一樣連接伎倆。從語義上看，兩個(gè)分句所表示意義，在說話人看來，假如含有同等主要性，就能夠把它們并列起來，連成一個(gè)并列句。而隸屬是語義上分清主次伎倆，是把次要思想內(nèi)容置于結(jié)構(gòu)上隸屬地位，從而突出句子主要思想。如：Wearepreparedtomakecertainconcessions.Wefindithardtoputupwiththeloss.next并列與隸屬1/33并列

nextWearepreparedtomakecertainconcessionsbutwefindithardtoputupwiththeloss.語義重心在后半句隸屬

Although/Though/Eventhough/Whilewearepreparedtomakecertainconcessions,wefindithardtoputupwiththeloss.Although/Though/Eventhough/Whilewefindithardtoputupwiththeloss,wearepreparedtomakecertainconcessions.語義重心在主句2/33慣用并列連詞有：and,or,but,nor,so,yet,both…and，either…or,not…but,notonly…butalso,not…nor,neither…nor,aswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,for（因?yàn)椋?while（而）,whereas等。(見教材P342-343)next3/33限定隸屬分句：從句相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞。1）從句當(dāng)名詞用——名詞性從句，可作主語，賓語，主語補(bǔ)語，介詞補(bǔ)足成份和同位語。Ijustcan’tunderstandwhyLadyGagaissopopular.4/332)從句當(dāng)形容詞用，做定語——形容詞性分句，即關(guān)系分句，定語從句

Itisthepig(which/that)Tinaraises.next5/333)從句當(dāng)副詞用，做狀語——副詞性分句，即狀語從句Whenshewasstillababy,shelikedtakingphotos.next6/33next1.You’llfinditwhereitwas.2.Tellmetheplacewherehelives.3.Idon’tknowwherehecamefrom.4.Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.5.Thisiswheretheyoncelived.(地點(diǎn)狀語從句)(定語從句)(賓語從句)(主語從句)(表語從句)7/33next隸屬連詞，連接代詞，連接副詞，關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞隸屬連詞:用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句和名詞性從句(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只有that,whether，在句中不作成份）。連接代詞、連接副詞：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句8/33ThisisthebookwhichIlikemost.Ihavenoideawhichwineisbest.Ihavenoideawhatwineisbest.Idon’tknowwhichwineisbest.Ibelievethathewillsucceed.Heisnottheperson____heusedtobe.Heisnot____heusedtobe.next范圍小，同位語從句范圍大，同位語從句賓語從句that不充當(dāng)成份，無意義thatwhat在定語從句中在名詞性從句中which賓語、主語定語（范圍小）what不用what定語（范圍大）主語、賓語、表語that

主語、賓語、表語不充當(dāng)成份，無意義9/331：Insomecountries,

iscalled“equality”doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.(CET-4,1995年6月)A)whichB)oneC)thatD)what2：

isthecenterofourplanetarysystemwasadifficultconcepttograspintheMiddleAges.(CET-6，1993年6月)A)ItisthesunandnottheearthB)BeingthesunandnottheearthC)ThesunandnottheearthD)Thatthesunandnottheearthnext主語從句DD10/331：Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis________.A)becausehismotherisill

B)becauseofhismother’sbeingillC)thathismotherisill

D)forhismotherisill

next表語從句C11/331：Themerefact

mostpeoplebelievenuclearwarswouldbemadnessdoesn'tmeanthatitwillnotoccur.(CET-4，1997年6月)A)whatB)whichC)thatD)whynext同位語從句C12/331：BysuccessIdon'tmean

usuallythoughtofwhenthatwordisused.(CET-4，1996年6月)A)whatisB)thatweC)asyouD)allis2：Thisbookwillshowthereaders

canbeusedinothercontexts.(CET-6，1996年1月)A)howthattheyhaveobservedB)thathowtheyhaveobservedC)howwhattheyhaveobservedD)thattheyhaveobservednext賓語從句AC13/331：Scientistssayitmaybefiveortenyears

itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.(CET-4，1995年6月)A)sinceB)whenC)afterD)before2：Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave,

somethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.(CET-4，1996年1月)A)unlessB)untilC)whenD)while3：Stormyapplausebrokeforth

sheappearedonthestage.A)themomentB)amomentC)atthemomentD)inamomentnext狀語從句DCAthemoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecondimmediately,instantly,directlyImmediatelyyoubegintotalk,hegivesyouhisfullattention.14/33由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句:1：Itwasn'tsuchagooddinner

shehadpromisedus.(CET-4，1990年1月)A)thatB)whichC)asD)what2：TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,

isoftenthecaseinothercountries.(CET-4，1998年6月)A)asB)whatC)soD)thatnext定語從句CA15/33由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句:3:Thereisnorule

hasexceptions.A)whichB)thatC)butD)unlessnext定語從句C比較以下句子中but使用方法是否相同。1.Therewasnoonebutknowsthat.2.Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents.3.Notaskissodifficultbutwecanaccomplishit.4.Nothingissohardbutitbecomeseasybypractice.1、2句中that是關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于that…not或who…not；3、4句中是連詞，相當(dāng)于butthat16/33由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句:1：Youarejustthesameasyouweretheday

Ifirstmetyou.(考研,1982年)A)thatB)whichC)whenD)how2：I’veneverbeentoBeijing,butit'stheplace

.(CET-4，1999年6月)A)whereI'dliketovisitB)ImostwanttovisitC)inwhichI'dliketovisitD)whatIwanttovisitmostnext定語從句CB17/33限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句比較

限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞之間普通不加逗號，僅修飾先行詞，能夠由關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句（教材P.380）僅作補(bǔ)充或說明，用逗號與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句，不可用that引導(dǎo)。

Mydaughter,whostudiesintheU.S.,rangmeyesterday.MydaughterwhostudiesintheU.S.rangmeyesterday.18/33（一）在定語從句中只用that情況1先行詞為不定代詞all,

much,

anything,

something,

nothing,

everything,

little,

none等時(shí)

Is

there

anything

that

I

can

do

for

you?

2先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞或all，

any，much，few，some,little,no,every，theonly,thevery等修飾時(shí)All

the

people

that

are

present

burst

into

tears.

3先行詞為既指人又指物兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞時(shí)The

boy

and

the

dog

that

are

in

the

picture

are

very

lovely.

nextWhich與that在定語從句中區(qū)分19/334關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中做表語時(shí)Heisnotthemanthathewastenyearsago.5主句是以who或which引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句時(shí)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(二)不用that情況1在非限制性定語從句中2在介詞之后nextWhich與that在定語從句中區(qū)分20/331____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.AWhatBWhoCThatD/_____isapitythatyoumissedhisspeech.AThatBThisCWhatDIt_____wasknowntousallthatTomhadbrokenhispromise_____hewouldgivethemarise.AAs,whichBWhat，thatCIt，thatDIt，whichnextCCD21/33Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeinglate____hiscarbrokendownontheway.AthatBwhyCwhichDbecause_____alltheinventionhaveincommonis_____theyhavesucceeded.AWhatwhatBThatthatCWhatthatDThatwhat6Sheisnolongertheperson____sheusedtobe.AthatBwhichCwhatDwhonextACA22/33next長難句分析1．ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)初一些國家政府下了結(jié)論，認(rèn)為：政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出詳細(xì)要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見。

23/33next長難句分析2.Whatweshouldliketoknowiswhetherlifeoriginatedastheresultofsomeamazingaccidentorsuccessionofcoincidences,orwhetheritisthenormaleventforinanimatemattertoproducelifeinduecourse,whenthephysicalenvironmentissuitable.我們想知道是生命終究是起源于某個(gè)驚人事件，或是一系列巧合呢?還是當(dāng)自然環(huán)境適合，無生命物質(zhì)經(jīng)過相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間就自然而然地產(chǎn)生了生命呢?24/33next長難句分析3.Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary------thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample------andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn’tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.即使警示語通常是合理和必要，如相關(guān)藥品產(chǎn)生相互作用從而產(chǎn)生危險(xiǎn)警示語，而且許多警示語是州和聯(lián)邦法律要求。不過，假如消費(fèi)者受到傷害，這些警示語能否使產(chǎn)銷商免于責(zé)任還極難說。25/33next長難句分析4．Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment------althoughnoonehadproposedtodoso------andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.他宣稱他反對利用這種不一樣尋常畜牧業(yè)技術(shù)去克隆人，并下令禁止使用聯(lián)邦基金做這種試驗(yàn)，---盡管還沒有些人提出要這么做---他提議成立一個(gè)由普林斯頓大學(xué)校長哈法羅夏皮羅領(lǐng)導(dǎo)獨(dú)立教授小組，在90天內(nèi)就克隆人國家政策問題提出提議并向白宮匯報(bào)。26/33next長難句分析5.Oneargumentusedtosupporttheideathatemploymentwillcontinuetobethedominantformofwork,andthatemploymentwilleventuallybecomeavailableforallwhowantit,isthatworkingtimewillcontinuetofall.一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為工作時(shí)間將會(huì)連續(xù)下降。該觀點(diǎn)用于支持以下看法，即就業(yè)將繼續(xù)是主要工作方式；就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)將最終提供給全部想就業(yè)人。27/33next長難句分析6．Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,”acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects------agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen------ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.盡管最高法院認(rèn)為，憲法并沒有賦予醫(yī)生幫助病人安樂死權(quán)利，不過實(shí)踐中最高法院支持“雙重效果”醫(yī)療標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這個(gè)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來醫(yī)療道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)為，假如一個(gè)行為含有雙重效果-----現(xiàn)有醫(yī)治良好效果又有能夠預(yù)見有害效果-----為了達(dá)成良好效果，應(yīng)該允許這一行為實(shí)施。28/33next3題1.whoever/whomeverTheyalwaysgivethevacantseatsto_______comesfirst.Giveitto_________________youlike.2.who/whoever__________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.__________willgiveusatalkisunknowntousall.3.whoever/nomatterwho___________toldyouthatwaslying.Comeoutofthere,___________________youare.

連接代詞、連接副詞：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句.whoever

whomever

/whoeverWhoever

WhoWhoever

whoever/nomatterwho29/33next8題1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.A.whyB.whereC.how