德國英語省公開課一等獎全國示范課微課金獎?wù)n件

GERMANYGeneralsituationGeographyFlag

,Emblem

NationalFlower,Bird,StoneMajorcityMajorindustriesFullname:TheFederalRepublicofGermanyCapitalcity:BerlinGovernment:theparliamentaryrepublic(議會共和制)Officiallanguage：GermanPopulation:82millionLandarea:357thousandsquarekilometersNationalDay:October3rdgeneralsituationFromthefirstmapontheleft,wecanfindGermanyinthecenterofEurope.ItisoneofthemajorpoliticalpowersoftheEuropeanandatechnologicalleaderinmanyfields.Fromthemapontheright,wecanfindthedistributionofthe16statesofGermanyandthelocationofthecapitalBerlin.MapofGermanyThankstoitscentralsituationGermanyhasmoreneighborsthananyotherEuropeancountry;theseareDenmarkinthenorth,PolandandtheCzechRepublicintheeast,AustriaandSwitzerlandinthesouth,FranceinthesouthwestandBelgiumandtheNetherlandsinthenorthwest.NewSwanStoneCastleRhineRiverBrandenburgGateRepresentativescenicspotAregionnamedGermania,inhabitedbyseveralGermanicpeoples,wasdocumentedbeforeAD100.DuringtheMigrationAge,theGermanictribesexpandedsouthward,andestablishedsuccessorkingdomsthroughoutmuchofEurope.Beginninginthe10thcentury,GermanterritoriesformedacentralpartoftheHolyRomanEmpireoftheGermanNation.Duringthe16thcentury,northernGermanregionsbecamethecentreoftheProtestantReformationwhilesouthernandwesternpartsremaineddominatedbyRomanCatholicdenominations,withthetwofactionsclashingintheThirtyYears'War.OccupiedduringtheNapoleonicWars,withtherisingofPan-GermaniuminsidetheGermanConfederationresultedintheunificationofmostoftheGermanstatesintotheGermanEmpirein1871whichwasPrussiandominated.AftertheGermanRevolutionof1918–1919andthesubsequentmilitarysurrenderinWorldWarI,theEmpirewasreplacedbytheWeimarRepublicin1918,andpartitionedintheVersaillesTreaty.AmidsttheGreatDepression,theThirdReichwasproclaimedin1933.ThelatterperiodwasmarkedbyFascismandtheSecondWorldWar.After1945,Germanywasdividedbyalliedoccupation,andevolvedintotwostates,EastGermanyandWestGermany.In1990Germanywasreunified.History歷史FlagBlack:therigorous、solemn;red:theburningflame,arousepeople'svisionofenthusiasm;gold:thelightoftruth

Yellowshield(盾牌)background;Redbeak(鷹喙)andclaws;Blackeaglesymbolizesstrengthandcourage.Emblemnationalflower：ThecornfloweristhenationalflowerofGermany.Itisalsocalledtheknapweed.Theflowersoftheplantarestrikingbecauseoftheirbluecolor.Atpresent,theflowersarealsoavailableinwhite,pink,andred.ThenationalflowerofGermanyThenationalbirdofGermanyNationalbird:WhiteStork.inEurope,whitestorkisconsideredthe"birdofhappiness",isasymbolofgoodluck,Godsentthe"angel",isdevotedtothevisitoftheluckofthepeople.ThenationalstoneofGermanyAmber(琥珀)SymboloftheGermanspursuittothetruthandforeverBallgamesinGermanyHowever,themostpopularballgameofGermanyisfootball.ThenationalballgameofGermanyHistoricalfigures貝多芬LudwigvanBeethoven(1770–1827)wasaGermancomposerandpianist.愛因斯坦AlbertEinstein，(1879–1955)wasaGerman-borntheoreticalphysicistwhodevelopedthetheoryofgeneralrelativity,effectingarevolutioninphysics.歌德JohannWolfgangvonGoethe(1749–1832)wasaGermanwriter,pictorialartist,biologist,theoreticalphysicist,andpolymath.黑格爾GeorgWilhelmFriedrichHegel(1770–1831)wasaGermanphilosopher,oneofthecreatorsofGermanIdealism.馬克思KarlHeinrichMarx

(1818–1883)wasaGermanphilosopher,sociologist,economichistorian,journalist,andrevolutionarysocialistwhodevelopedthetheoryofMarxism.俾斯麥OttoVonBismarck(1815–1898)wasastatesmanwhounifiedGermany,madeitamajorplayerinworldaffairs,andkeptEuropeatpeaceafter.Berlin柏林Berlin-Germany'scapital,isoneoftheworldfamouscity;andalsomostpopulartouristattraction.Existingpopulationofnearly3.4million.BerlinasGermany'sleadingindustrialcity,themainindustrialsectorsareelectronics,machinerymanufacturing,chemicals,printing,textileandfoodprocessing.Berlinisaninternationaltransporthub.April5,1994,BerlinandBeijingbecamesistercities.BerlinwallTheestablishmentoftheBerlinwallsymbolizesthedivisionofGermanyHamburg漢堡Hamburg-Germany'slargestportcity,Germany'ssecondlargestcity.Hamburgpopulationofabout1.9million.Hamburgistheworld'slargesttradingcentersandonedistributioncenter,nearly3,000foreigncompanies,manyindustrialenterprisesdirectlyengagedinimportandexportbusiness.HamburgisGermany'sthirdlargesttouristcity.Frankfurt法蘭克福Frankfurt-locatedinthemiddleofGermany,Germany'scommercialandmanufacturingcenterAndmajorinternationalfinancialcity.Populationofabout590,000.Industriesincludemachinery,chemicals,printing,leatherandfoodprocessing

andairtransportation.FrankfurtisGermany'smajorculturalcenter.Munich慕尼黑Munich-Germany'sthirdlargestcity,Populationofabout1.3million,Itisawell-knownGermanandEuropeantouristcity,morethan800yearsofhistory.Munichisrichinbeer,sopeopleusuallyreferredtoMunichasthe"beercapital."TheMunichOktoberfestThisFestivaloriginatedinOctober12th,1810,duetothemaindrinkduringthisfestivalisthebeer,sopeoplehabituallycalleditasbeerfestival.EachyearintheendofSeptembertoearlyOctoberinMunich,Germany,heldfortwoweeks,untilthefirstSundayinOctober,isMunich'smostgrandeventintheyear.PoliticsGermanyisafederal,parliamentary,representativedemocraticrepublic.TheGermanpoliticalsystemoperatesunderaframeworklaidoutinthe1949constitutionaldocument.thefundamentalprinciplesoftheconstitution,asexpressedinthearticlesguaranteeinghumandignity,theseparationofpowers,thefederalstructure,andtheruleoflawarevalidinperpetuity.HeadofState(President)isafigure,norealpower,headsofgovernment(primeminister)tomasterthereallyright.thepresidentialatermoffiveyears,thePrimeMinisteratermoffouryears.ForeignrelationsGermanyhasanetworkof229diplomaticmissionsabroadandmaintainsrelationswithmorethan190countries.IthasplayedaleadingroleintheEuropeanUnionsinceitsinceptionandhasmaintainedastrongalliancewithFrancesincetheendofWorldWarII.ThedevelopmentpolicyoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyisanindependentareaofGermanforeignpolicy.TheGermangovernmentseesdevelopmentpolicyasajointresponsibilityoftheinternationalcommunity.Itistheworld‘sthirdbiggestaiddonoraftertheUnitedStatesandFrance.EconomicEconomyRank4th(nominal)/5th(PPP)CurrencyEuro(EUR)FiscalyearcalendaryearTradeorganizationsEU,WTO(viaEUmembership)andOECDGDP$3.306trillion,€2.5trillion(2010)GDPgrowth3.6%(2010)GDPbysectoragriculture:0.8%;

industry:27.9%;

services:71,3%(2010est.)Inflation(CPI)1.3%(October2010)Unemployment7.5%(August2010)Exports€1.146trillion(2010)Exportgoodsmachinery,vehicles,chemicals,metalsandmanufactures,foodstuffs,textilesMainexportpartnersFrance10.2%,U.S.6.7%,Netherlands6.7%,U.K.6.6%,Italy6.3%,Austria6%,China4.5%,Switzerland4.4%(2009est.)Imports€1.020trillion(2010)Importgoodsmachinery,vehicles,chemicals,foodstuffs,textiles,metalsMainimportpartnersNetherlands8.5%,China8.2%,France8.2%,U.S.5.9%,Italy5.9%,U.K.4.9%,Belgium4.3%,Austria4.3%,Switzerland4.2%(2009est.)FDIstock$1.057trillion(31December2010est.)Grossexternaldebt$4.713trillion(30June2010)ForeignreservesUS$233.813billion,€200billion(April2011)Oftheworld's500largeststock-market-listedcompaniesmeasuredbyrevenuein2010,theFortuneGlobal500,37areheadquarteredinGermany.Well-knownglobalbrandsareBMW,Siemens,Adidas,Audi,andsoon.Agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)Inagriculture,forestry,andminingaccountedforonly0.9%ofGermany’sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)andemployedonly2.4%ofthepopulation,downfrom4%in1991.Infact,GermanyisthethirdlargestagriculturalproducerintheEuropeanUnionafterFranceandItaly.Germany’sprincipalagriculturalproductsarepotatoes,wheat,fruit,andcabbages.DespiteGermany’shighlevelofindustrialization,almostone-thirdofitsterritoryiscoveredbyforest.Theforestryindustryprovidesforabouttwo-thirds