必修第一冊(cè)Unit 4基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)-2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)(人教版2019)

2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（人教版2019）

必修第一冊(cè)Unit4基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)強(qiáng)化綜

I.單詞拼寫(xiě)

1.Thisisoneoftheworstnatural（災(zāi)難）inthearea.

2.Withthehelpofherteacherandthroughherown（努力），Helengraduatedfromuniversity.

3.Youtoldmethatyouwereworriedaboutthosebadstudyhabitswhich（影響）yourlearning.

4.Firemenwerecalledoutto（營(yíng)救）amantrappedinthebuilding.

5.Thepeopleintheearthquakeareaareinneedoffood,medicineand（避難處）.

6.Forty（百分比）ofthestudentspointoutthatSeniorOnestudentshavealotmorehomeworktodo

everyday.

7.SoIwouldneedoxygentanksplacedonmybacksoIcould（呼吸）allthetime.

8.Trytokeep（鎮(zhèn)靜的）andjusttellmewhathappened.

9.Herbeauty（打動(dòng)）himdeeplyandhedecidedtodateher.

10.1amhavingsomeflowers（遞送）forherbirthday.

II.單句語(yǔ)法填空

1.Manyhouses（destroy）andworsestill,manypeoplewereinjuredorsomeevenkilled.

2.Whenshesmiles,itlooksasifthesun（be）shining.

3.Thelifeboatwassentouttorescuethesailorsthesinkingship.

4.Thelateflooddidmuchdamagethevillage.

5.He（trap）inthetrafficjamandfelthelpless.

6.（bury）inthenewspaper,hedidn'tnoticewhatwashappening.

7.Donothaveadrinkortakedrugstocalm（you）down.

8.Jackwasn'tsayinganything,buttheteachersmiledathimasifhe（do）somethingveryclever.

9.ThenIsawit—athinarm（wave）weaklyafewyardsaway.

10.WhenIstoppedplayingandlookedup,Iwas（shock）toseeasmallcrowedaroundus.

III.完成句子

1.Obviously,theydidn'trealizethattheirbehaviorhadthebeautyofthepark.

很明顯，他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他們的行為給這個(gè)美麗的公園造成了巨大的損壞。

2.1findthatsheisreally.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)她真的難以相處。

3.Allthehouseswereleftbecauseoftheheavyrainstorm.

由于暴風(fēng)雨，所有的房子都淪為廢墟。

4.Thebadroadconditionsgetthereintime.

糟糕的路況使他們及時(shí)到達(dá)那里變得很困難。

5.Luckily,thewarbetweenthetwocountriesatlast.

幸運(yùn)的是，兩國(guó)之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)最終結(jié)束了。

6.1aloneaheavyrainpoureddown.

我正在街上獨(dú)自閑逛，這時(shí)大雨傾盆而下。

7.Theywerewhattodonext.

他們太害怕了，不知道接下來(lái)該做什么。

8.1don'tknowwhyheislookingatme.InfactFveneverseenhimbefore.

我不知道他為什么一直看著我，好像認(rèn)識(shí)我似的。事實(shí)上我之前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)他。

IV.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空

1.Wechosetobuythehousewindowfacessouth.

2.You'llfindtaxiswaitingatthestationyoucanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.

3.rdliketoexpressmyappreciationforthepeopletoIhaveturned.

4.Theresearchfoundthatpeoplekeepfitaremorelikelytohavebettermemoriesandclearer

thinking.

5.Workinginthecompanyistheverychanceyoucangraspduringthesummerholiday.

6.Astudyshowsthestudentswhojoininafter-schoolactivitiesarehappierthanthosearenot.

7.Theyrushedovertohelpthemancarhadbrokendown.

8.ThehouseinLuXunoncelivedisamuseumnow.

V.閱讀理解

A

Earthquakesaresomethingthatpeoplefear.Therearesomeplacesthathavefewornoearthquakes.Most

placesintheworld,however,havethemregularly（有規(guī)律地）.Countriesthathavealotofearthquakesareusually

quitemountainous.

Themost-talked-aboutearthquakeintheUnitedStateswasinSanFranciscoin1906.Over700peoplediedin

it.ThestrongestoneinNorthAmericawasin1964.IthappenedinAlaska.

Strongearthquakesarenotalwaystheonesthatkillthemostpeople.In1755,oneofthestrongestearthquakes

everrecordedwasfeltinPortugal.Around2,000peopledied.

In1923,averystrongearthquakehitTokyo,theYokohamaareaofJapan.Ahundredandfortythousand

peopledied.Mostofthemdiedinfireswhichfollowedtheearthquake.

OneoftheworstearthquakeseverwasinChinain1976.Itkilledalargenumberofpeople.Theworst

earthquakeeverrecordedwasalsoinChina,inwhichabout80,000peoplewerekilledorinjured.Thisearthquake

happenedin2008.

Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonisthatweoftendonotknowwhentheyarecoming.Peoplecan't

prepareforthem.

1.Earthquakeshappen.

A.inalltheplacesintheworld

B.onlyinthecountriesthathavealotofmountains

C.regularlyinmostplacesintheworld

D.onlyinafewplacesalongthemountains

2.Whenandwherewastheworstearthquakeeverrecorded?

A.1964;Alaska.B.2008;China.

C.1923;Japan.D.1976;China.

3.Whatmaybetalkedaboutintheparagraphfollowed?

A.Howdoearthquakesworrypeople?

B.Whatwillpeopledotoprepareforearthquakes?

C.Howcanwesavepeoplewhenearthquakeshappen?

D.Howdoearthquakeshappen?

B

Australia'sbushfiresarethreateningthecountry'suniquewildlife—fromkoalastonativebirdstobees—and

researchersfearthatsomespeciesarebeingpushedtothebrinkofextinction.Thefireshavekilledatleast26

people,burnedthousandsofhomesandcouldshaveasmuchas0.4%ofeconomicgrowth,accordingtosome

experts.

Morethan13,000headoflivestockhavebeenkilledbythefiresinNewSouthWalesstate,wheremorethan

20,000squaremilesoflandhasbeenburned.ThefiresthreatentorageonintoFebruary—summer-timein

Australia-orlonger.

Scientistssayatleastsixspeciesareindanger."There'sgreatconcernthatthesefiresmayhavepushed

speciesclosertoextinctionorpotentiallyover,“saidDeakinUniversitywildlifeecologistEuanRitchie.44Wewon'

tknowuntilwegetintotheareas,hesaid.

Somescientistsareconcernedaboutametallic-greenbeethatlivesexclusively（唯一地）inareasthathave

beenbadlydamagedbyfire,alongAustralia'seastcoastandonKangarooIslandinthesouth.Researcherssuspect

thegreencarpenterbeehasbeenwipedoutonKangarooIsland.

“Thespeciesislikelytobeinterribleconditions,asallofitshabitathasnoweitherburntoristhreatenedby

fire,“saidKatjaHogendoom,abeeexpertattheUniversityofAdelaide,whohasbeenworkingforhalfadecade

topreservethepopulationofgreencarpenterbeesonKangarooIsland.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraphone?

A.ThewildlifeiswellprotectedinAustralia.

B.ThefiresalsodamageAustralianeconomy.

C.Thebushfireshavelastedforalongtime.

D.ThebushfiresarefrequentinAustralia.

5.HowmightEuanRitchiefeelaboutecologicallosses?

A.Curious.B.Concerned.

C.Unexpected.D.Surprised.

6.Whyarescientistsworriedaboutthemetallic-greenbee?

A.Itwillallbeburnttodeath.

B.Itisgraduallydyingout.

C.Itmightloseitsnaturalhome.

D.Itwillmovetootherplaces.

7.Wheremightyoufindthistext?

A.Inastorybook.B.Inatextbook.

C.Inanewspaper.D.Inatravelingguide.

C

Whenyouralarmclockringsandyoudragyourselfoutofbed,youprobablywonder:Whyonearthdoes

schoolhavetostartsoearly?

Fortunately,thereisanewlawtosupport-orbetterstill,science.

AlawinCalifornia,passedonOct.13,requiresthatpublicmiddleschoolsbeginclassesnoearlierthan8:00

amandthathighschoolsstartnoearlierthan

8:30am.ThelawwillgointoeffectbyJuly1,2022.

Startingschoolat8:00or8:30inthemorningmaynotsoundliketoobigofachange,butitcouldmeanone

morehourofsleepforstudentswhousedtostartschoolat7:30orevenearlier.

“Theeffectofthatonehourissomethingtheywillbefeelingas40-year-oldadults,"SumitBhargava,asleep

expertatStanfordUniversity,toldTheNewYorkTimes.Hesaidthatnothavingenoughsleepcanaffectstudents'

mentalhealthandincreasetheriskofbeingoverweightanddiabetes（糖尿?。?

Intheshortrun,students?schoolperformancesshouldimprovealmostimmediately.KylaWahlstrom,a

researcherattheUniversityofMinnesota'sCollegeofEducation,foundthatstudentswhohaveenoughsleepare

alertinclassandgetmuchmoresatisfyinggrades.

Somemightsaythataskingstudentstogotobedearliercouldhavebeenamucheasiersolutionthanchanging

theschooltimetableacrossanentirestate.ButaccordingtotheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine,teenagers

gothroughbiologicalchangeswhentheyenterpuberty（青春期），whichmakesitdifficultforthemtofallasleep

before11:00pm.Sowhenschoolstartsat8:00orearlier,theycanhardlygettheideal8.5—9.5hoursofsleep

thatexpertssuggesttheyneedtodotheirbestinthedaytime.

Thisiswhywhenthenewlawcameout,itsauthor,AnthonyPortantino,said,^Generationsofchildrenwill

cometoappreciatethishistoricdayandourgovernorfortakingaction.”

8.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthelaw?

A.Thelawhasnotbeenputintopractice.

B.Thelawrequiresschoolstostartlaterthan8:30am.

C.ThelawwillbepassedbyJuly1,2022.

D.ThelawismadebyauniversityinCalifornia.

9.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordalertinParagraph6probablymean?

A.Friendly.B.Sharp.

C.Calm.D.Honest.

10.Forabetteracademicperformanceinthedaytime,howlongdoteenagersprobablyneedtosleep?

A.About8hours.B.About9hours.

C.Atleast10hours.D.Atmost8.5hours.

11.What'sthemainideaofthetext?

A.Lackofsleepcouldleadtohealthproblems.

B.Theamountofsleeppeopleneedchangeswithage.

C.Anewlawletsstudentssleeplonger.

D.Sleepingproblemsareleadingproblemsforteenagers.

VI.七選五

Earthquakesstrikewithoutwarningandareamongthemostdestructivenaturaldisasters.Keepingcalmand

properreactioncansometimessaveyourlife.Torideoutanearthquake,rememberthephrase"drop,cover,and

holdon."]

*Moveawayfrombuildings,streetlights,powerlines,andbridges.

2Assoonasthegroundbeginsshaking,trytogetasfarawayaspossiblefromanynearbystructures.Do

notseekshelterunderabridgeoroverpass.

*Crouchdownlowinawideopenareauntiltheshakingstops.

Onceyou'vemadeyourwayawayfromnearbystructures,getonyourhandsandkneesandcoveryourhead.

Seeifthereareanyobjectsnearbytouseasashield(遮蔽物),suchasatrashcanlid.3

*4

Asyougooutaftertheearthquake,becarefulofbrokenglass,rubble,downedpowerlines,fallentrees,and

anyotherpotentialdanger.Checkyourselfandanyonenearbyforinjuries.Ifnecessary,performfirstaidandcall

emergencyservices.

*Gettohighergroundifyou'reontheshoreornearadam.

Earthquakescancausetsunamis,soputdistancebetweenyourselfandthecoast.Ifashakinglastsmorethan

20seconds,5Gettogroundthat'satleast100ft(30m)abovesealevelor2miles(3.2km)fromtheshore.

A.Don'twaitforanalarmorwarningtoescape.

B.Droptoyourhandsandkneesunderatableordesk.

C.Watchoutfordangerasyouobserveyoursurroundings.

D.Herearefourtipshelpingyousurviveanearthquakeifyouareoutdoors.

E.Ifnoneareavailable,coveryourheadandneckwithyourhandsandarms.

F.Themostdangerouslocationsduringanearthquakeareareasimmediatelyaroundbuildings.

G.Ifpossible,grabapillow,sofacushion,oranotherobjecttocoveryourfaceandhead.

VII.語(yǔ)法填空

There1.（be）nolightsinsightbutthenightskyglowed（發(fā)出）aduskyyellow,becausethe

Amazonwasburning.Theyellowflamesengulfed（吞食）trees2.litupthesky.Duringtheday,the

sunshinewasblocked

3.thicksmoke.Sofar,thefire4.（put）out.

Thegovernmenthasrecorded72,843fires.Thefireisjustoneof

5.（they）intheAmazon,theworld's6.（large）rainforestandafighteragainstclimate

change.AccordingtoBraziPsspaceresearchagencyINPE,thewildfirehasdecreasedby17percentsofarthisyear

comparedtothesameperiodin2018.

Environmental7.（group）saidthepoliciesofthegovernmentencourageddeforestation（采伐森

林）oftheAmazon,8.ledtomorefires.Butthegovernmentpostedareportandwanted9.

（argue）againstthat.Thegovernmentclaimedthatnon-governmentalorganizations

10.（angry）setfiretotheforestafteritcuttheirfunding.

參考答案

I.1.Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisasters（災(zāi)難）inthearea.

2.Withthehelpofherteacherandthroughherownefforts（努力）,Helengraduatedfromuniversity.

3.Youtoldmethatyouwereworriedaboutthosebadstudyhabitswhichaffected（影響）yourlearning.

4.Firemenwerecalledouttorescue（營(yíng)救）amantrappedinthebuilding.

5.Thepeopleintheearthquakeareaareinneedoffood,medicineandshelters（避難處）.

6.Fortypercent（百分比）ofthestudentspointoutthatSeniorOnestudentshavealotmorehomeworktodoevery

day.

7.SoIwouldneedoxygentanksplacedonmybacksoIcouldbreathe（呼吸）allthetime.

8.Trytokeepcalm（鎮(zhèn)靜的）andjusttellmewhathappened.

9.Herbeautystruck（打動(dòng)）himdeeplyandhedecidedtodateher.

10.1amhavingsomeilowersdelivered（遞送）forherbirthday.

II.1.Manyhousesweredestrvycd(destroy)andworsestill,manypeoplewereinjuredorsomeevenkilled.

2.Whenshesmiles,itlooksasifthesunwere(be)shining.

3.Thelifeboatwassentouttorescuethesailors30mthesinkingship.

4.Thelateflooddidmuchdamagetothevillage.

5.Hewastrapsed(trap)inthetrafficjamandfelthelpless.

6.Buried(bury)inthenewspaper,hedidn'tnoticewhatwashappening.

7.Donothaveadrinkortakedrugstocalmyourself(you)down.

8.Jackwasn'tsayinganything,buttheteachersmiledathimasifhehaddone(do)somethingveryclever.

9.ThenIsawit-athinarmwaving(wave)weaklyafewyardsaway.

10.WhenIstoppedplayingandlookedup,Iwasshocked(shock)toseeasmallcrowedaroundus.

III.1.Obviously,theydidn'trealizethattheirbehaviorhaddone/causedgreatdamaget。thebeautyofthepark.

2.Ifindthatsheisreallydifficulttogetalongwith.

3.Allthehouseswereleftinruinsbecauseoftheheavyrainstorm.

4.Thebadroadconditionsmadeitdifficultforthemt。getthereintime.

5.Luckily,thewarbetweenthetwocountriescametoanendatlast.

6.Iwaswanderingonthestreetalonewhenaheavyrainpoureddown.

7.TheyweretoofTi^htcnedloknowwhattodonext.

8.Idon'tknowwhyheislookingatmeasifheknewme.InfactI'veneverseenhimbefore.

IV.1.Wechosetobuythehousewhosewindowfacessouth.

2.You'Hfindtaxiswaitingatthestationthat/whichyoucanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.

3.TdliketoexpressmyappreciationforthepeopletowhomIhaveturned.

4.Theresearchfoundthatpeoplewhokeepfitaremorelikelytohavebettermemoriesandclearerthinking.

5.Workingin(hecompanyistheverychancethatyoucangraspduringthesummerholiday.

6.Astudyshowsthestudentswhojoininafter-schoolactivitiesarehappierthanthosewhoarenot.

7.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.

8.ThehouseinwhichLuXunoncelivedisamuseumnow.

V.

A

【文章大意】本文主要講述了地震以及歷史上幾次嚴(yán)重的地震情況。

1.【解析】選Co細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Mostplacesintheworld,however,havethemregularly.”可知,

在世界上的很多地方有地震，然而，都是有規(guī)律地發(fā)生地震。故選C。

2.【解析】選Bo細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段'"TheworstearthquakeeverrecordedwasalsoinChina,in

whichabout80,000peoplewerekilledorinjured.Thisearthquakehappenedin2008.”可知，曾經(jīng)記錄最嚴(yán)重的

一次地震發(fā)生在2008年的中國(guó)，大約有8萬(wàn)人死亡或者受傷。故選B。

3.【解析】選Bo推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonisthatweoftendo

notknowwhentheyarecoming.Peoplecan'tprepareforthem.”可知人們對(duì)地震一般都是沒(méi)有辦法做很多的準(zhǔn)

備，接下來(lái)談?wù)摰目赡苁侨藗兡茏龅氖虑?。故選B。

B

【文章大意】本文主要講的是澳大利亞的森林大火正在威脅該國(guó)獨(dú)特的野生動(dòng)物，從考拉到本土鳥(niǎo)類再到蜜

蜂，研究人員擔(dān)心一些物種正被推向滅絕的邊緣，同時(shí)森林大火也造成了一定的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

4.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知大火已經(jīng)造成至少26人死亡，燒毀了成千上萬(wàn)的

房屋，根據(jù)一些專家的說(shuō)法，使經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)減少0.4%”。由此判斷出火災(zāi)損害了澳大利亞的經(jīng)濟(jì)。故選B。

5.【解析】選B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知迪肯大學(xué)的野生動(dòng)物生態(tài)學(xué)家EuanRitchie表示:“人們非常

擔(dān)心，這些火災(zāi)可能已經(jīng)將物種推向滅絕的邊緣，甚至可能導(dǎo)致滅絕?！彼f(shuō):“在進(jìn)入這些地區(qū)之前，我們不

會(huì)知道?！笨芍狤uanRitchie的態(tài)度是非常擔(dān)心，故選B。

6.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段前半段可知“這個(gè)物種的生存條件可能很糟糕，因?yàn)樗乃袟?/p>

地現(xiàn)在要么被燒毀，要么受到火災(zāi)的威脅。KatjaHogendoorn說(shuō)。”可知科學(xué)家擔(dān)心金屬綠蜂的棲息地會(huì)被嚴(yán)

重破壞，導(dǎo)致它們失去家園，故選C。

7.【解析】選C?推理判斷題。短文主要介紹了澳大利亞的森林大火正在威脅該國(guó)獨(dú)特的野生動(dòng)物，從考

拉到本土鳥(niǎo)類再到蜜蜂，研究人員擔(dān)心，一些物種正被推向滅絕的邊緣，同時(shí)森林大火也造成了一定的人員

和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。由此判斷出短文來(lái)自于報(bào)紙。故選C。

C

【文章大意】本文主要講述要出臺(tái)一部新法律能讓青少年有足夠的睡眠時(shí)間以保證白天的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)。

8.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ThelawwillgointoeffectbyJuly1,2022.這部法律將于2022年7

月1日生效。可知，這部法律還沒(méi)有付諸實(shí)踐，故選A。

9.【解析】選B。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章畫(huà)線詞所在句可知，明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的一名研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)有充足睡眠

的人成績(jī)更令人滿意，由此可推斷學(xué)生們?cè)谡n堂上表現(xiàn)的也更好，思維更敏捷，故推斷alert為敏捷的，與

sharp敏捷的，靈敏的意思相同。故選B。

10?【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知因此，當(dāng)學(xué)校8點(diǎn)或更早開(kāi)始上課時(shí)，他

們很難獲得專家建議的理想的8.5到9.5小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間，以便使他們自己能在白天做到最好?？芍?/p>

在白天有一個(gè)更好的學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)，青少年需要大約9小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間，故選B。

11.【解析】選C。主旨大意題。主要講述要出臺(tái)一部新法律能讓青少年有足夠的睡眠時(shí)間以保證白天的學(xué)

習(xí)狀態(tài)。C選項(xiàng)Anewlawletsstudentssleeplonger.一部新的法律讓學(xué)生睡得更久，能夠概括文章大意，故選

Co

VI.【文章大意】文章介紹了幾種在戶外時(shí)，遇到地震的逃生方法。

1.【解析】選D。前文提到“為了安全度過(guò)地震，記住這句話：蹲下，找遮蔽物，堅(jiān)持住?！背薪忧拔?D