非謂語形式課件高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

非謂語形式

高考專題非謂語形式

在英語中，一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只能有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，就要使用非謂語形式。1.

非謂語的各種形式及其句法功能非謂語形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式句法功能一般式進(jìn)行式完成式一般式完成式主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√-ing形式動(dòng)名詞doing—havingdonebeingdonehaving

beendone√√√√

現(xiàn)在分詞

√√√√-ed形式過去分詞—done

√√√√2.

非謂語形式作主語（1）基本用法情況用法示例說明不定式作主語具體的、一次性的動(dòng)作Tohesitatemeansfailure.

猶豫不決就意味著失敗。通常可以互換，但主語和賓語（或表語）一般是對(duì)稱的動(dòng)名詞作主語抽象的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作Sayingiseasierthandoing.說比做容易。Walkingisagoodformofexercise.散步是一種很好的鍛煉方式。(2)it作形式主語情況句型示例不定式作真正主語Ittakes/tooksb.+時(shí)間/金錢+todo

sth.Ittookusthreedaystofinishthetask.我們花了三天完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。Itbe+n./adj.+todosth.It'sunlikehimtobelate.他可不是遲到的那種人。It'savirtuetoadmitandovercomeone'sownshortcomings.承認(rèn)并克服自己的缺點(diǎn)是一種美德。動(dòng)名詞作真正主語Itbe+nouse/nogood/fun+doingsth.It'snousecomplainingwithoutaction.不行動(dòng)只抱怨沒有用。It'snotmuchfungoingtoapartyalone.獨(dú)自參加聚會(huì)沒什么意思。2.

非謂語形式作主語3.非謂語形式作表語情況句型示例不定式作表語對(duì)主語作進(jìn)一步說明,其主語通常為aim、choice、decision、dream、idea、intention、plan、purpose、wish等Toliveistodosomethingworthwhile.活著就是要做一些值得做的事情。Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.教育的目的是培養(yǎng)兒童的優(yōu)秀品格。動(dòng)名詞作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì),無正在進(jìn)行之意,主語和表語可互換位置Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。Thebestpolicyisbeinghonest.誠實(shí)方為上策。分詞作表語說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征,通?？芍苯涌醋餍稳菰~,現(xiàn)在分詞常譯為“令人……的”,多用于修飾物;過去分詞常譯為“感到……的”,多用于修飾人(詳見專題五“分詞形容詞”)1.Inmostcountries,

(turn)18marksthestartofadulthood.

(外研XB2U1)2.Althoughhighlyregardedbooksdonotalwaysmakegoodfilms,itissafe

(say)thatgreatfilmsmaybemadefromnotparticularlygoodbooks.

(北師大XB2U6)3.Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheach

other.Thishappenswhenaplant,sayabeanplant,gets

(attack)byinsects.

(外研XB1U5)turningtosayattacked即練即清24.非謂語形式作賓語(1)作動(dòng)詞的賓語情況示例只跟不定式agree同意attempt嘗試choose選擇;寧愿

decline拒絕

determine下決心

fail未做成

manage設(shè)法做成

offer主動(dòng)提出

prepare準(zhǔn)備

pretend假裝

promise承諾

refuse拒絕

tend往往會(huì)

volunteer志愿只跟動(dòng)名詞admit承認(rèn)

advise/suggest建議

advocate支持

appreciate感激

avoid/escape避免consider仔細(xì)考慮

delay/postpone推遲

deny否認(rèn)

enjoy享受,喜歡

finish完成

imagine想象

include包括

involve包含

keep(on)繼續(xù)

mention提到mind介意

miss錯(cuò)過practise練習(xí)

resist抵制,忍住

risk冒險(xiǎn)情況示例既可以跟不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞意義無區(qū)別begin/start開始like/love喜歡continue繼續(xù)intend打算

prefer更喜歡意義有區(qū)別4.非謂語形式作賓語(1)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(2)作介詞的賓語介詞后往往用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。Theybrokeintoloudcheersonhearingthenews.一聽到這個(gè)消息他們都高聲歡呼。Dressingwellisaboutbeingpolite.穿著講究是有教養(yǎng)的表現(xiàn)。Readingagoodbookisliketalkingwithaloftyperson.讀一本好書就像是和一位高人談話。4.非謂語形式作賓語(3)it作形式賓語不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí),如果賓語后帶有賓補(bǔ),常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語后置,構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu):v.+it+n./adj.+todo/doing。Ifinditmyresponsibilitytohelpthoseinneed.我覺得幫助那些需要幫助的人是我的責(zé)任。Iconsideritimportanttoalwaysbekindandrespectfultoothers.我認(rèn)為總是善待和尊重他人是很重要的。Wethinkituselesslearningatheorywithoutpractice.我們認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)理論而不實(shí)踐是沒有用的。4.非謂語形式作賓語即練即清31.Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggested

(use)theextractfromsweetwormwoodtotreatafever.

(人教XB1U1)2.Ifwegrowupeatingcertainfoodsinourfamily,thenthosefoodstend

(link)withpositiveemotions.

(譯林XB1U1)3.Keydutiesinclude

(explore)theislandsoftheGreatBarrierReefand

(find)outwhattheareahastooffer.

(外研XB1U6改)usingtobelinkedexploringfinding

5.非謂語形式作補(bǔ)語(1)非謂語形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語情況用法示例不定式作賓補(bǔ)advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、drive、encourage、expect、force、invite、order、permit、recommend、require、teach、tell、want等詞后常跟帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)Theytaughtmetobestrongandfollowmyheart.他們教我學(xué)會(huì)堅(jiān)強(qiáng),學(xué)會(huì)聽從自己的心聲。Thesituationrequiresustoquickenoureconomicreform.形勢(shì)要求我們加快經(jīng)濟(jì)改革。感官動(dòng)詞feel、hear、listento、lookat、observe、see、notice、watch以及使役動(dòng)詞let、have、make等詞后常跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)【口訣:五看三使二聽一感覺】IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.讓那些有需要的人明白,我們會(huì)全力以赴幫助他們。情況用法示例分詞作賓補(bǔ)分詞一般在感官動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)

詞或一些表示意愿的動(dòng)詞后作

賓補(bǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞常表示賓語和

賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系;過去分詞常

表示賓語和賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系Shesmeltsomethingburning.她聞到有東西燒糊了。Shesawthethiefcaughtbypolicemen.她看見那個(gè)小偷被警察抓住了。Hebegantowishthewholebusinessfinished.他開始希望整個(gè)事情早日結(jié)束。Ihavekeptyouwaitingalongtime.我使你久等了。5.非謂語形式作補(bǔ)語(1)非謂語形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語(2)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)意義示例with/without+賓語+todo表將來Withalotofworktodo,hewasn'tallowedtogoout.因?yàn)檫€有很多工作要做,他沒有被允許外出。with/without+賓語+doing表主動(dòng)Withthenoisegoingon,Ican'tconcentrateonmywork.吵鬧聲不絕于耳,我無法集中精力工作。with/without+賓語+done表被動(dòng)Shehadtowalkhomewithherbikestolen.她的自行車被偷了,她只好步行回家。5.非謂語形式作補(bǔ)語(3)作主語補(bǔ)足語在“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài),則需要將賓語前置,變成主語,此時(shí),

原來的賓補(bǔ)就成了主補(bǔ)。Sheissaidtobeover100.據(jù)說她有100多歲了。

Bellwasconsideredtohaveinventedthetelephone.大家認(rèn)為是貝爾發(fā)明了電話。Thedoorwasleftfirmlyfastened.門緊鎖著。Tomwascaughtdozingoffinclass.湯姆被發(fā)現(xiàn)上課時(shí)打瞌睡。

5.非謂語形式作補(bǔ)語即練即清41.Somechildrendon'tfeellikelaughing,especiallyifthey'reinpain.Wehavetoworkcloselywiththedoctorsandnurses,whokeepus

(update)oneachpatient.

(外研XB1U1改)2.Despitehisfather'ssuccessfulcareer,Stephenwasthoughtbymanypeople,including

hishighschoolteammatesandcoaches,

(be)tooshort,toothinandtooweak

tofollowinhisfather'sfootsteps.

(外研XB1U3)3.Withuslong

(believe)thattalkingplantsarefantasy,newresearchhasre-

vealedsomethingamazing:itappearsthatplantscancommunicateafterall.

(外研XB1U5)updatedtobebelieving6.非謂語形式作定語情況用法示例不定式作定語表示動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生Ihavemanyassignmentstodo.我有很多作業(yè)要做。Theconferencetotakeplacenextmonthisboundtobeagreatsuccess.下個(gè)月舉行的會(huì)議一定會(huì)取得巨大的成功。多用于ability、ambition、attempt、chance、courage、decision、desire、determination、effort、reason、time、tradition等詞后Hehasanambitiontobecomeaworldchampion.他一心想成為世界冠軍。Thankyouforgivingmethechancetodeliverthespeech.謝謝你給我發(fā)言的機(jī)會(huì)。多用于被序數(shù)詞、theonly、the

last、theright或形容詞最高級(jí)修

飾的名詞后Heisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.他總是第一個(gè)來,最后一個(gè)離開。Heisthebestpersontodothejob.他是做這個(gè)工作的最佳人選。情況用法示例動(dòng)名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的用途aswimmingpool游泳池(=apoolforswimming)

asleepingbag睡袋(=abagforsleeping)writingskills寫作技巧(=skillsforwriting)分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行;過去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成Abarkingdogseldombites.吠犬不咬人。(前置定語)Unfulfilledwishlivesonintheunconscious.未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望在無意識(shí)中繼續(xù)存在。(前置定語)Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecamerasreturnedforqualityproblems.生產(chǎn)商定期來收取因質(zhì)量問題而被退回的相機(jī)。(后置定語)Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyonTV.昨晚,有數(shù)百萬人在電視上觀看了開幕式。(后置定語)6.非謂語形式作定語溫馨提示

tobedone、beingdone與done作定語的區(qū)別ameetingtobeheldtomorrow一場(chǎng)明天將要舉行的會(huì)議(表被動(dòng),表將來)ameetingbeingheldatpresent一場(chǎng)此刻正在進(jìn)行的會(huì)議(表被動(dòng),表正在進(jìn)行)ameetingheldyesterday一場(chǎng)昨天舉行的會(huì)議(表被動(dòng),表完成)即練即清51.Togetthisjob,thecandidateshadtomakeashortvideo

(show)howmuch

theyknewabouttheGreatBarrierReef.

(外研XB1U6改)2.Inadditiontomakingpeopleawareofaproductorservice,asuccessfuladvertisement

willalsocreateadesire

(buy),thusboostingbusiness.

(譯林XB2U1)3.Despitethechallenges,therehavebeensomehighlysuccessfulfilms

(make)frompopularbooks.

(北師大XB2U6)4.Injustoneday,apersoncanseehundredsof

(market)messages.

(譯林XB2U1)5.Thefirstlandmark

(catch)myeyeisthesplendidQingshuiheBridge,the

world'slongestbridge

(build)overpermafrost.

(外研XB1U6)showingtobuymademarketingtocatchbuilt

7.非謂語形式作狀語情況用法示例不定式作狀語表示目的,除可以直接使用以外,也可用于inordertodo或soastodo結(jié)構(gòu)IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.我覺得累了,就停車休息一會(huì)兒。Heusedcomputerssoastosolvetheproblemsmoreefficiently.他使用計(jì)算機(jī)以便更快地解決問題。用于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu),表示結(jié)果Hewastooexcitedtofallasleep.他激動(dòng)得睡不著。She'soldenoughtodecideforherself.她已到自己做決定的年齡了。YesterdayIwenttoseeheronlyto

learnthatshehadgoneabroada

weekbefore.昨天我去看她,卻得知她一周前出國了。(出乎意料的結(jié)果)與表示情感、狀態(tài)的形容詞連用,表示原因Iwashonoredtobeinvited.能夠被邀請(qǐng),我很榮幸。Hewasdisappointedtofindthatshewasgone.發(fā)現(xiàn)她走了,他很失望。情況用法示例分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表示作狀語的動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系;過去分詞表示作狀語的動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系Broughtupinthecountryside,hehasdifficultyinadaptingtocity

life.他在農(nóng)村被養(yǎng)大,很難適應(yīng)城市生活。(原因狀語)Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.聽到這個(gè)消息,他們立即出發(fā)去上海了。(時(shí)間狀語)Shestoodatthewindow,watchingthesunset.她站在窗前看落日。(伴隨狀語)Heturnedoffthelamp,seeingnothing.他熄了燈,什么也看不見了。(結(jié)果狀語,表示自然而然的結(jié)果)Workinghardashewas,hewasstillunabletoearnenoughmoneytobuyahouse.他雖然努力地干,但仍然掙不夠買房的錢。(讓步狀語)7.非謂語形式作狀語情況用法示例獨(dú)立成分作狀語不定式短語totell(you)thetruth老實(shí)說

tobehonest老實(shí)說

tobeginwith首先tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是

tosumup總之

tobebrief簡(jiǎn)言之分詞短語consideringthat考慮到,鑒于

generallyspeaking一般來說

giventhat考慮到,鑒于

judgingby/from根據(jù)……來判斷

providing/providedthat假設(shè)

supposingthat假設(shè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語作狀語的動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致,而是帶有自己的邏輯主語,即“名詞/代詞+分詞(短語)”Thetestfinished(=Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.考試結(jié)束后,我們開始放假了。Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),wearegoingtovisityou

tomorrow.如果天氣允許,我們明天去看你。7.非謂語形式作狀語即練即清61.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustan

idea,butenough

(inspire)Darwintolookformoreevidence.

(外研XB1U5)2.Thisfungal(真菌的)networklinkstherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.

(use)thewoodwideweb,plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.

(外研XB1U5)3.

(know)astheworld'slargestsportinggalainscale,the19thAsianGames

Hangzhouarenotonlyaplatformfortheathletestocompete,butalsoastageforpeopleto

communicate.toinspireUsingKnown8.其他用法(1)疑問詞+不定式疑問詞how、when、where、which、what等后面跟不定式構(gòu)成“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)

構(gòu),可在句中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。Howtosolvetheproblemhasnotbeendecidedyet.(作主語)如何解決這一問題還未決定。Iknowwheretofindtheboy.(作賓語)我知道去哪兒找到那個(gè)男孩。ThequestionishowtolearnEnglishwell.(作表語)問題是如何學(xué)好英語。(2)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致時(shí),動(dòng)名詞就需要加上自己的邏輯主語,這樣

就構(gòu)成了動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),即“名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞(one'sdoing)”或“名詞/代詞+動(dòng)名詞(sb./sth.doing)”。邏輯主語形式示例有生命名詞所有格/形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞Mary'scominglatemadeherteacherangry.瑪麗遲到使老師很生氣。(主語)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief('s)/his/himbeing

caught.新證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)使小偷/他被抓住了。(賓語)名詞/代詞+動(dòng)名詞無生命名詞/代詞+動(dòng)名詞I'msurprisedatitbeingsolate.我對(duì)天色這么晚了感到吃驚。(賓語)1.Butterfly

LoverscombinesChineseandWesternmusicalelements:it

(play)

onWesterninstrumentssuchastheviolin,butmoresignificantly,muchofthemusichas

itsrootsinChineseYueOpera.

(譯林XB1U2)2.AsHelen'sknowledgeandvocabulary

(expand),sheaskedmoreandmore

questions.

(北師大XB2U5)3.Evenifnewsreports

(write)frombasicallythesameperspective,theymay

contradicteachotherintermsoffactualdetails,aseventsintherealworldareusually

complicatedandconstantlychanging.

(譯林XB2U1)isplayedexpandedarewritten4.ItwasthefirsttimeHelen

(understand)suchacomplexword—awordforsomethingshecouldn'ttouch.

(北師大XB2U5)5.HeleftEnglandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechance

(study)variouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.

(外研XB1U5)6.Themorewelikethebrandambassador,themorewe

(attract)tobuythe

product.

(譯林XB2U1)7.Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,

(fascinate)byrocks,plantsandanimals.

(外研XB1U5)8.Today,On

the

Origin

of

Species

(regard)asoneofthemostimportant

workseverwritten.

(外研XB1U5)hadunderstoodtostudywillbeattractedfascinatedisregarded9.Somebooksarejusttoodifficult

(adapt)fortechnicalreasons,although

filmslikeThe

Life

of

Piarechangingthisidea.

(北師大XB2U6)10.

(locate)atover5,000metresabovesealevel,Tanggulastationisthe

highestrailwaystationintheworld.

(外研XB1U6改)11.Inaworldstill

(face)somanyproblems,itisabsolutelyessentialforusall

tocollaboratetocreateaglobalcommunitywithasharedfutureofpeaceandprosperity.

(外研XB2U4)12.Nowadays,peopleeatsaltedduckallyearroundanditisestimatedthattensofthou-

sandsofducks

(consume)everydayinNanjing!

(譯林XB1U1)tobeadaptedLocatedfacingareconsumed13.PeopleinancientChinabegangrowingwildrice,

(learn)howtocultivate

riceinfieldsandimproveitsquality.

(2024屆山東青島萊西教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))14.TheBeijingMarathon

(become)oneofthemostpopularmarathonsinthe

worldinthepastyears,attractingthousandsofparticipantsfromallovertheworld.

(2024屆遼寧朝陽期中)15.ItiswellknownthatChinesepeoplepreferhotmealseveryday,andthey'realsoused

to

(have)hotdrinkswithit.

(2024屆江蘇泰州姜堰期中)16.AgroupofNorthernIrelandschoolchildren

(warm)theheartsofChinese

guestsonacoldDecemberdaywhentheyperformedChinesesongs.

(2024屆山東青島期中聯(lián)考)learninghasbecomehavingwarmed17.Archedbridges,sometimes

(call)moonbridges,arehighenoughinthe

middleforboatstogetpastunder.

(2024屆河南許昌禹州高級(jí)中學(xué)月考)18.Flamesinkilns(窯)aroundChinahavebeenburningsincetheXiaandShangdynas-

ties.Alongtheway,porcelain

(create).

(2024屆河南新鄉(xiāng)階段測(cè))19.Evenwhenporcelainwasbrokenintopiecesandburieddeepinmud,theculturalval-

ues

(attach)toitwouldneverdisappear.

(2024屆河南新鄉(xiāng)階段測(cè))20.Sheeveninquiredaboutwhere

(purchase)thesamemattressassheused

intheAsianGamesVillage.

(2024屆山西呂梁第一次模擬)calledwascreatedattachedtopurchase21.Thevideo

(post)bytheresearchersonsocialmediaplatformsandimme-

diatelybecameatrendingtopiconline.

(2024屆江西萍鄉(xiāng)第一次模擬)22.Thedragonisbelieved

(control)thewaters,andisalsoassociatedwiththe

ideaoftheyang.

(2024屆福建福州閩江口協(xié)作體期中)23.Duringtheweeklongpublicholiday,numerousvacationers,especiallytheyoung

(long)toescapebusycitylife,avoidedpopularholidaydestinationsinordertoen-

joysomepeaceandquiet.

(2024屆福建師大附中期中)24.Theliondance

(perform)duringfestivalsandcelebrationstobringgood

luckandprosperitytothecommunity.

(2024屆福建福州閩江口協(xié)作體期中)waspostedtocontrollongingisperformed25.Simplifiedcharactersareconvenientforpeople

(write)andtheirusagehas

becomemoreandmorepopular.

(2024屆福建四校聯(lián)考)26.AccordingtodatareleasedbytheNationalHealthCommission,bytheendof2021,

Chinahadthelargestnumberofdogsintheworld,withover12millionpeople

(bite)eachyear.

(2024屆福建廈門雙十中學(xué)期中)27.Recently,reverse(反向的)tourism

(emerge)asanewtrendinChina.

(2024屆福建師大附中期中)28.Whatmakesus

(trap)inworriesmostisthatwe'renotgettingenough

sleep,lessthansevenhoursanight.

(2023江蘇南京六校聯(lián)考)towritebittenhasemergedtrapped29.Ittakes72steps

(produce)Longquanceladon'sjade-likegreen.30.Aphilosophercommentedthatnobodyknewwhat

(happen)totheEarthin

acentury'stime.31.Earlytobedandearlytorise

(make)amanhealthy,happyandwise.32.TheAsianGamesMemories,aremarkabl