2023-2024學(xué)年河南省名校高三年級上冊8月起點考試英語試卷

2023—2024學(xué)年河南省名校高三上學(xué)期8月起點考

試英語試卷

一、閱讀理解

SolarPanels

Whilebothsolarpanelsandplantleavesharvestenergyfromthesun,ateamat

PrincetonUniversitytookbiomimicry（仿生學(xué)）insolarpanelsastepfurtherby

addingfoldstosolarcells.Thefoldslooklikethenaturalwrinklesfoundinleaves,

channelingmorelightintothecell.Theresearchersclaimedin2015thattheleaf-like

cellsgenerated47percentmoreelectricitythanthosewithoutfolds.

Self-CleaningPaint

Thesurfaceofthelotus（蓮）plant1sleavesgetsridofdirtandwatersowellthat

thisself-cleaningqualitywasnamedthe"lotuseffect"in1977.In1999,the

GermanbuildingcompanyStoreleasedanoutdoorpaintcalledLotusan.Whendried,

thepaint1ssurfaceissimilartothatofthelotusleaftoshedwateranddirtoff

immediately.

BulletTrains

TheShinkansenBulletTraininJapanisknownforitsaerodynamicshapethat

decreasestheamountofsoundthetrainmakeswhileenteringandexitingtunnelsat

speedsof150to200mph.Thetrainsweremodeledonabirdthathuntsfishbydiving

intobodiesofwater.Theshapeofthetrainalsoallowsittotravel10percentfaster

withabout15percentlesselectricity.

Wetsuits

Unlikewhales,beavers（河貍）don1thavelayersoffattokeepthemwarmwhen

theydiveintoicywater.Instead,theirthickfurtrapsairamongtheindividualhairs,

keepingthemammalswarmanddry.In2016,ateamofengineersatMITsoughtto

copythisqualityinawetsuitcoveredwithrubber"hairs",specificallydesignedfbr

watersportsathleteslikesurfers.Justlikebeavers,theathleteswouldbekeptwarmby

hairtrappedontheoutsideofthesuit.

1.WhichitemisabrainchildofaGermancompany?

A.SolarPanels.B.Self-CleaningPaint.

C.BulletTrains.D.Wetsuits.

2.Howdoesawetsuitkeepwatersportsathleteswarm?

A.Bysheddingwaterimmediately.B.Bythickeningthelayersofthesuit.

C.Byaddingspecialhairstotrapheat.D.Byself-heatingtheoutsideofthesuit.

3.Whatdotheseinventionshaveincommon?

A.Theyarenature-inspired.B.Theyincreasefuelefficiency.

C.Theyareenvironmentally-friendly.D.Theygeneratenoeconomicreturns.

uAnimalControl.HowcanIhelpyou?"adeepvoiceranthroughthephone

receiver.

Earlierthatmorning.Vdbeenonmywaytomeetafriendforbreakfast.Driving

downalongstretchofroadthatconnectedtwoneighborhoods,therewasnothingbut

talltreesandgrassyareas.Then,Icaughtsightofafurrybrown,blackandwhitetail

movinginthewindonthesideoftheroad.

Throughoutbreakfast,Icouldn'tgettheanimaloffmymind.InamedhimFluffy.

Perhapsitwassomeone,slovingcatordog.Maybeafox?Iwasn'tsure.Butit

mightbewoundedandneededhelp.IcalledAnimalControl.

Thenextday,IwascurioustofindoutifAnimalControlhadfoundsweetFluffy,so

Icalledforanupdate.Thesamegentlemantoldmethathedrovebytheareabut

dicin'tseeanysignofananimal.Ihungupthephone,feelingrelieved.

Igrabbedmypurseandheadedoutthedoor.Ihadafulldayaheadofme.Feeling

good,Iturnedontheradioinmycarandstartedsingingalongatthetopofmy

lungs—untilIsawFluffy!Therehewas,fartherdowntheroad,halfbehindsome

brushwithhistailstickingoutandmoving.

Ieasedmywayintoaparkingspace,anddialedAnimalControlonceagain.I

promisedtomeetthemanthelocationwhereIlastsawtheanimal.

Abouttenminuteslater,thetownshipAnimalControltruckpullupbehindmycar.I

pointedtothebrush.Totakeabetterlook,themanwalkedtowardFluffy.Whenhe

cameback,helaughedsoheartilythatIthought:Howrude!Thenheshowedme

Fluffy","MeetFluffy,a100-percent-cottonpompom（絨球）cap!"

Myfacemusthavebeenasredashisredpoloshirt.Fluffywasahat!

4.WhydidtheauthorcallAnimalControlthatmorning?

A.Toaskfbrdirections.B.Tofindalostpet.

C.Toreportatroubledanimal.D.Tocallforaweatherupdate.

5.Whichbestdescribestheauthor?

A.Socially-disadvantaged.B?Aggressive.

C.Light-hearted.D.Sympathetic.

6.HowwouldthemanfeelwhenheshowedFluffytotheauthor?

A.Hefeltreallyoffended.

B.He*shighlyamusedbytheincident.

C.Hefeltslightlyawkwardabouttheresult.

D.Hehugelyrelievedtoseeherhappyagain.

7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toshareafunexperience.B.Topromotewildlifeprotection.

D.Ibintroduceachanceencounterwith

C.Torecommendagovernmentworker.

Fluffy.

Aboutayearandahalfago,PatrickDohertyfoundouthehadarare,butdisastrous

inheriteddisease—knownastransthyretinamyloidosis—thathadkilledhisfather.A

misshapenproteinwasbuildingupinhisbody,destroyingimportanttissues.Victims

ofthisdiseaseoftendieadifficultdeath.

SoDohertywasthrilledwhenhefoundoutthatdoctorsweretestinganewwayto

trytotreatamyloidosis.Theapproachusedarevolutionarygene-editingtechnique

calledCRISPR,whichallowsscientiststomakeveryprecisechangesinDNA.On

Saturday,researchersreportedthefirstdataindicatingthattheexperimentaltreatment

worked,causinglevelsofthedestructiveproteintodecreaseinDoherty1sbody.

CRISPRhasalreadybeenshowntohelpsomepatients.Anddoctorsaretryingto

useittotreatcancerandtorestorevisiontopeopleblindedbyararegeneticdisorder.

Butthoseexperimentsinvolvetakingcellsoutofthebody,editingtheminthelab,

andputtingthembackinorinjectingCRISPRdirectlyintocellsthatneedfixing.

ThestudyDohertyvolunteeredforisthefirstinwhichdoctorsaresimplyputting

thegene-editordirectlyintopatientsandlettingitfinditsownwaytotherightgenein

therightcells.Inthiscase,it'scellsinthelivermakingthedestructiveprotein.

"Itreallyisexciting,"saysDr.JulianGillmore,whoisleadingthestudyatthe

UniversityCollegeLondon,RoyalFreeHospital."Thishasthepotentialto

completelyrevolutionizetheoutcomeforthesepatientswhohavelivedwiththis

diseaseintheirfamilyfbrmanygenerations."Thepatientswillhavetobefollowed

longer,andmorepatientswillhavetobetreated,tomakesurethetreatment*ssafe,

anddeterminehowmuchit'shelping.Gillmorestresses.

Thepromisingresultspotentiallyopenthedoorforusingthesameapproachto

treatmentofmanyother,morecommondiseasesforwhichtakingcellsoutofthe

bodyordirectlyinjectingCRISPRisn'trealistic,includingheartdiseaseandbrain

diseasessuchasAlzheimer1s.

8.WhyisPatrickDohertymentionedinthetext?

A.Toproveanewtreatmentworkedwell.

B.ToshowhowCRISPRwascarriedout.

C.ToprovidebackgroundinformationofCRISPR.

D.Tointroduceadiseaserequiringurgentattention.

9.WhatisspecialaboutthestudyDohertyvolunteeredfor?

A.It'sthefirstgene-editingexperiment.

B.CRISPRwasinjectedintothelivercells.

C.Doherty'scellsweretakenoutofhisbody.

D.Gene-editorswereputdirectlyintothepatient.

10.WhatdoesDr.JulianGillmorethinkoftheresultsofthestudy?

A.Itholdsgreatpromise.B.It1sfarfromsatisfactory.

C.Itwon*tbringaboutanydanger.D.Itshouldbeputintouseimmediately.

11.What'sthelastparagraphtalkingabout?

A.FaultsofCRISPR.B.Resultsofthestudy.

C.Prospectsofthestudy.D.ApplicationsofCRISPR.

Mostofusarefamiliarwiththeconceptofsixdegreesofseparation—theideais

thatanyoneintheplanetcanbeconnectedtoanyoneelseinjustsixsteps.Butisthere

actuallyanysciencetobackupthiscommonlycitedtheory?

Ifyoujusttakealookatthefollowingnumbers,thesixdegreesofseparationidea

seemsprettyplausible.Assumingeveryoneknowsatleast44people,andthateachof

thosepeopleknowsanentirelynew44people,andsoon,themathshowsthatinjust

sixstepseveryonecouldbeconnectedto446,or7.26billionpeople-morethanare

aliveonEarthtoday.

Butthisideawasn1tscientificallytesteduntilthe1960s,whenapsychologistsent

300packagesouttopeopleinNebraskaandBoston,andaskedthemtousetheir

networkstogetthembacktoonespecifictarget—astockbroker（股票經(jīng)名己人）living

inBoston.Theyweren'taskedtoforwardittohimdirectly,buttosenditto

someonetheyknewonafirstnamebasis,withinstructionsforthatpersontoforward

itontosomeoneintheirnetworkthattheythoughtmightknowthestockbroker.

Only64ofthosepackagesactuallyreachedthetarget,withanaveragepathlength

ofjust5.2intermediary（中間人）connections,andthisexperimentwasusedas

evidenceforsixdegreesofseparation,orthe"smallworldphenomenon",asthe

researchercalledit.

ButDerekMuller,aresearcher,dugalittledeeper,andfoundthat,oftheoriginal

300packages,100weresenttopeoplealreadylivinginBoston（wherethetargetalso

lives）and100weresenttostockbrokerswhosharedaprofessionwiththetarget,so

therewerereallyonly100purelyrandompackagessentout.Andofthose100,only

18madeitbacktothetarget."Sowe'retalkingaboutasamplesizeof18一

that'salltheevidencetherewasforsixdegreesofseparation,0Derekexplains.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plausible”inparagraph2mean?

A.Reasonable.B.Absurd.C.Unbelievable.D.Original.

13.Howwerethesubjectsexpectedtogetthepackagetothetargetintheexperiment?

A.Byentrustingthedeliveryto5.2intermediaries.

B.Bydeliveringitinpersonasquicklyaspossible.

C.Bypassingitontothetargetintheshortesttime.

D.Byforwardingitintheshortestintermediary-chain.

14.WhatcanbeinferredfromDereck1sremark?

A.Theconceptdidn,texistatall.

B.Theexperimentprovidedsolidevidence.

C.Thesamplesizewastoosmalltobeuseful.

D.Theexperimentwascarriedoutscientifically.

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowtoPlaySixDegreesofSeparationinOurRealLife?

B.SixDegreesofSeparation:AnTheoryFoundedbyDerek

C.AreWeReallyAllConnectedbySixDegreesofSeparation?

D.SixDegreesofSeparation:ScientistsFindaSmallerNumber

二、七選五

Overcomingobstacles（障礙物）tocookingathomeoftenstartswithchangingthe

wayyouviewmealpreparationortimespentinthekitchen.16?Whatcanwe

doaboutthem?Readontogetsomeideas.

“Idon'thavethetimetocook.”

Sure,shopping,choppingingredients,cooking,andthencleaningupafterwardscan

betime-consuming.17.Shoppingonlineandhavingalltheingredients

deliveredtoyourdoor,doingsomeofthepreparationaheadoftimeorgettingyour

familyinvolvedareallgreatanswers.

“It'scheapertoeatfastfood.”

Atfirstglance,itmayseemthateatingatafast-foodrestaurantislessexpensive

thanmakingahome-cookedmeal.18.AstudyfromtheUniversityof

WashingtonSchoolofPublicHealthrevealedthatpeoplewhocookathometendto

havehealthieroveralldietswithouthigherfoodexpenses.

'Tmtootiredtocookattheendofabusyday.”

19.Onetrickistomakemealsinquantityandfreezeleftoversinsingle

portionstoeatwhenyoudon'thavethetimeorenergytocook.

"Idon*tknowhowtocook.”

Ifyou*rescaredbytheprospectofpreparingahome-cookedmeal,it1s

importanttorememberthatcookingisnotanexactscience.20.Besides,aswith

anything,themoreyoucook,thebetteryou'11become.

Changeourperspectivesandwayofdoingthings,preparingmealswillneitherbe

somethingthatwedon*thavetimefor,norsomethingthat'sonlysuitablefor

experiencedcooks.

A.Butthat*srarelythecase

B,Howtoeathealthywhenyouarebusy

C.Butthereareplentyofwaystospeedthingsup

D.Whatarethereasonsstoppingusfromcookingathome

E.Cookmoreandyou'11soonmastersomequick,healthymeals

F.Creatinghealthymealsdoesn1thavetoinvolveahugeinvestmentofeffort

G.It'susuallyperfectlyOKtoskipaningredientorsubstituteonethingfor

another

三、完形填空

“We'recelebratingCanada'sbirthdaytoday,"Momsaid."Whose?"

,mysister,Sonya,followedMomintothekitchenassheheardsuchan

Mymomwasn'taofCanada-sheimmigratedfromEngland一butshe

alwayswantedustoCanadiancustomsandcultures.Shelookedforways

toteachusaboutCanada.Duringourearlyyears,whenmoneywastight,Momkept

ourlessonsbutfun.However,thisyear,shewastryingsomethingnew:

________acake.

Thisissilly,saidmysisterwhenMomwewereindeedmakinga

birthdaycakeforCanada.Butwhenshepositionedseveralbowlsoficing(糖霜)on

thetable,alongwithphotographsofCanadianandlandmarks,Sonya

quicklyhertune.1likethis,"saidSonya,grabbinga(n)

ofabeaverbitingonatree.IchosetheCanadianflag.

Whenweweredone,awonderfuldesign.ThefactthatSonya1s

beaverlookedmorelikedogaboneandmyCanadianflagwaspink

.Wewereproudofour,andsowasMom.

WemademanybirthdaycakesforCanadawhenwewerekids.Eachcakewas

,butoneingredientwasthesame:Mom,awomanwhohelpedusenjoyour

Canadianheritage.

21.A.AnxiousB.Searedc.ConfusedD.Sorrowful

22.A.answerB.appointmentc.alternativeD.announcement

23.A.nativeB.citizenc.admirerD.scholar

24.A.assessB.appreciatec.memorizeD.judge

25.A.valuableB.strangeC.simpleD.unique

26.A.decoratingB.purchasingC.labelingD.delivering

27.A.permittedB-confirmedC.explainedD.informed

28.A.signalsB.signsC.symbolsD.gestures

29.A.testedB.avoidedC.playedD.changed

30.A.statueB-recordC.noteD.image

31.A.fadedB.emergedC.endedD.altered

32.A.chewingatB.grabbingforC.holdingonD.breakingup

A.cameintoB-madenoC.madeno

33.D.cametolight

existencesensedifference

34.A.potentialB.creationC.behaviorD.inspiration

35.A.ordinaryB.familiarC.similarD.different

四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Thereisalonghistoryofofficialandnongovernmentalgiantpandaexchangesand

cooperationbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.OnDec6,2000,MeiXiangand

TianTian36(send)totheSmithsonian1sNationalZooinWashington,D.C.,

37theygavebirthtoTaiShanin2005.TaiShanis38(popular)panda,with

themostfansworldwide.

Accordingtotheagreement,giantpandasbornabroadmustrectum39China

whentheyreachtheageoftwo.In2007,duetostrongdemandfromtheUSpublic,

theChinesegovernmentagreedtoextendTaiShan*sstayintheUnitedStatesforan

40(addition)twoyears.

ThegiantpandaisuniquetoChinaandoneoftheoldest41(survive)species

onEarth.In1869,theFrench42(natural)andmissionaryArmandDavid,

introducedtheuniqueanimaltotheWesternworld.Sincethen,thegiantpanda43

(win)theloveofpeoplearoundtheworld.Thereare44(current)1,864wild

giantpandasinChinaandattheendoflastyear,therewereanother698incaptivity.

AccordingtofiguresfromtheChinaConservationandResearchCenterforthe

GiantPanda,between1957and1982,Chinagifted24giantpandasto9countries.

Sincethe1980s,withthe45(mark)declineinnumbers,Chinahasstopped

sendinggiantpandasaspresentstoothercountries.Instead,itengageswiththemin

internationalcooperationandresearch.

五、其他應(yīng)用文

46.假定你是李華。你因病沒能按時參加英語口語考試，請你寫一封郵件向外

教Smith女士說明情況，請求補考，內(nèi)容包括：

1.說明情況；

2.請求給予補考機會；

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearMs.Smith,

FmLiHua,asenioratyourhighschool.

Lookingforwardtoyourreply.

Yours,

LiHua

六、讀后續(xù)寫