閱讀理解微技能之主旨大意（解析版）-2023年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（新高考專用）

A專題11閱讀理解微技能之主旨大意)

考克幫雷

【思維導(dǎo)圖】

文章大意題

閱

讀

理段落大意題

解

文章標(biāo)題題

【主旨大意題微技能】

一、文章大意題

每一篇文章都有其大意，獲取大意的方法是找主題句。主題句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有時(shí)候也出現(xiàn)在

文章中間段落。閱讀的過(guò)程中應(yīng)該對(duì)每段的主題句給予特別的關(guān)注?！敝黝}句定位法''是解答主旨大意題的一種

行之有效的方法。有些文章有明確的主題句，對(duì)于這類文章，尋找主題句多采用瀏覽法。瀏覽時(shí)，一般不用逐

句細(xì)看，只要選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句等，重點(diǎn)搜索與主題相關(guān)的信息。主題句的位置一

般有以下幾種：

(1)主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。文章開門見山，給出了主題句，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋、支撐。

(2)主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。文章先表述細(xì)節(jié)，之后在文末歸納概括出主題。

(3)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時(shí)再次升華主題。

(4)主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間。文章首先提出問(wèn)題，對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行描述，討論之后在文章的中間部分給出主題句,

而后又做進(jìn)一步的解釋。

【典例剖析】

Forsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationiswhatscientistscall“amusic.”

Peoplewhoareamusicarebornwithouttheabilitytorecognizeorreproducemusicalnotes(音調(diào)).Amusicpeople

oftencannottellthedifferencebetweentwosongs.Amusicscanonlyhearthedifferencebetweentwonotesiftheyare

veryfarapartonthemusicalscale.

Asaresult,songssoundlikenoisetoanamusic.Manyamusicscomparethesoundofmusictopiecesofmetal

hittingeachother.Lifecanbehardforamusics.Theirinabilitytoenjoymusicsetthemapartfromothers.Itcanbe

difficultforotherpeopletoidentifywiththeircondition.Infact,mostpeoplecannotbegintograspwhatitfeelsliketo

beamusic.Justgoingtoarestaurantorashoppingmallcanbeuncomfortableorevenpainful.Thatiswhymany

amusicsintentionallystayawayfromplaceswherethereismusic.However,thiscanresultinwithdrawalandsocial

isolation.t4Iusedtohateparties,saysMargaret,aseventy-year-oldwomanwhoonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatshewas

amusic.BystudyingpeoplelikeMargaret,scientistsarefinallylearninghowtoidentifythisunusualcondition.

Scientistssaythatthebrainsofamusicsaredifferentfromthebrainsofpeoplewhocanappreciatemusic.The

differenceiscomplex,anditdoesn'tinvolvedefectivehearing.Amusicscanunderstandothernonmusicalsoundswell.

Theyalsohavenoproblemsunderstandingordinaryspeech.Scientistscompareamusicstopeoplewhojustcan'tsee

certaincolors.

Manyamusicsarehappywhentheirconditionisfinallydiagnosed（診斷）.Foryears,Margaretfeltembarrassed

aboutherproblemwithmusic.Nowsheknowsthatsheisnotalone.Thereisanameforhercondition.Thatmakesit

easierforhertoexplain.t4Whenpeopleinvitemetoaconcert,Ijustsay,“Nothanks,I'm'amusic,'"saysMargaret.

justwishIhadlearnedtosaythatwhenIwasseventeenandnotseventy.^^

Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

A.Amusics'strangebehaviours.B.Somepeople'sinabilitytoenjoymusic.

C.Musicaltalentandbrainstructure.D.Identificationandtreatmentofamusics.

答案B

［解析］主旨大意。整篇文章主要講述一一些人沒(méi)有欣賞音樂(lè)的能力.要準(zhǔn)確深刻地理解一篇文章，則必須對(duì)文

章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握全篇的文脈。文章的第一段告訴讀者：大約4%的人音樂(lè)對(duì)于他們而言，沒(méi)有任何樂(lè)

捶可言，他們沒(méi)有辨別與再現(xiàn)音調(diào)的能力；第二段講述歌曲對(duì)于沒(méi)有樂(lè)感的人來(lái)說(shuō)聽起來(lái)像噪音，以及由此給

他們的生活帶來(lái)的不便；第三段分析了原因，是因?yàn)樗麄兊拇竽X與能欣賞音樂(lè)的人的大腦不同造成的，但這又

不同于有聽力障礙的人；最后一段以Margaret為例，說(shuō)明他們的這種狀況最終得以診斷。因此，可以排除A項(xiàng)一

沒(méi)有樂(lè)感的人奇怪行為C項(xiàng)一音樂(lè)才能與大腦結(jié)構(gòu)以及D項(xiàng)一沒(méi)樂(lè)感的人的區(qū)別與治療，鎖定答案B項(xiàng)。

二、標(biāo)題歸納題

標(biāo)題歸納類題目應(yīng)該注意其醒目性、概括性和針對(duì)性。解題時(shí)抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些貫穿

整篇文章始終的關(guān)鍵詞。干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：以偏概全；.斷章取義；主題擴(kuò)大；張冠李戴；無(wú)中生有。

【典例剖析】

Muchinformationcanbeclearlyconveyed,purelythroughoureyes,sotheexpression“eyesalsotalk“isoften

heard.

Canyourecallanyexperiencethatfurtherprovesthisstatement?Onabusyoumayquicklyglanceatastranger,

butnotmakeeyecontact.Ifhesensesthatheisbeingstaredat,hemayfeeluncomfortable.

Itisthesameindailylife.Ifyouarelookedatformorethannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddownto

seeifthereisanythingwrongwithyou.Ifnothinggoeswrong,youwillfeelangryaboutother'sstareatyouthatway.

Eyesdospeak,right?

Lookingtoolongatsomeonemayseemtoberudeandaggressive.Butthingsaredifferentwhenitcomesto

staringattheoppositesex.Ifamanlooksatawomanformorethan10secondsandrefusestoaverthisgaze,his

intentionsareobvious.Thatis,hewishestoattractherattention,tomakeherunderstandthatheisadmiringher.

However,thenormaleyecontactfortwopeopleengagedinconversationisthatthespeakerwillonlylookatthe

listenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattentiontowhattheformerisspeaking,to

tellhimthatheisattentive.

Ifaspeakerlooksatyoucontinuouslywhenspeaking,asifhetriestodominateyou,youwillfeeldisconcerted.A

poorliarusuallyexposeshimselfbylookingtoolongatthevictim,sincehebelievesthefalseideathattolookstraight

intheeyeisasignofhonestcommunication.

Infact,continuouseyecontactisconfinedtoloversonly,whowillenjoylookingateachothertenderlyforalong

time,toshowaffectionthatwordscannotexpress.

Evidently,eyecontactshouldbedoneaccordingtotherelationshipbetweentwopeopleandspecificsituation.

Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.EyesCanSpeak.

B.EyeContactMatters.

C.Don'tStareatOthers.

D.UseYourEyeContact.

答案A

I解析］標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文中第一段的相關(guān)內(nèi)容再結(jié)合下文對(duì)“眼睛會(huì)說(shuō)話”這一觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明可知，文

章的標(biāo)題就是“眼睛會(huì)說(shuō)話”，故選A項(xiàng)。

三、段落大意題

每個(gè)段落通常都有一個(gè)中心，段落主題句通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段落的首句或尾句，有時(shí)也會(huì)在中間。在閱讀中應(yīng)盡量

利用有關(guān)信息確定主題句的位置。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，采用歸納法寫的段落主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾；采用演繹法寫的段落主

題句出現(xiàn)在段首；若文章按照“特殊—一般-特殊”的方式來(lái)寫，主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間。有時(shí)，文章中

沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)主題句，要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)段落的內(nèi)容概括出主題句。主題句的把握：開門見山：提出主題一一細(xì)節(jié)論述一

闡明主題；段末點(diǎn)睛：細(xì)節(jié)描述——?dú)w納要點(diǎn)——概括主題；段中點(diǎn)旨：細(xì)節(jié)描述——?dú)w納主題——解釋說(shuō)明。

【典例剖析】

Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffers

aninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?

Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort-thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld—is

simplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolutionprovidedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanatural

drivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.The

samecognitive（認(rèn)知的）systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeen

adoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsare

bigchildren.^^

Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren'splay.

B.Studyingbabies'playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.

C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.

D.One'sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.

答案B

［解析］段落大意題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要講“研究孩子的游戲可以讓人們更好地理解科

學(xué)”，故選B。

四、寫作意圖題

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，寫作意圖題也是主旨大意題的一種（也有人把它歸為推理判斷題），寫作目的可以是段落的寫作

目的，也可以是文章的寫作目的，對(duì)于文章寫作目的而言，主要有以下幾種：

廣告推銷某種產(chǎn)品或某種服務(wù)，或是通過(guò)影片、圖書、電視節(jié)目、旅游景點(diǎn)等的介紹以吸引更多的觀

眾、讀者或游客等

說(shuō)明文向人們展示某物的用途或制作過(guò)程

議論文論述一個(gè)道理或表達(dá)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)

記敘文向人們分享經(jīng)歷、敘述一件事情或表達(dá)情感等

【典例剖析】

In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwriting

novelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoit

professionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（識(shí)字）rateinEnglandwas

under50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike”Bya

lady^.Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.

HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthe

testoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to

1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It'spartlytruethatDickens?styleofwriting

attractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.Ifspartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientific

progress.Butifsalsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhat

mixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhis

birthapproaches,itispossible-andimportantforourownculture-tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.

Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Torememberagreatwriter.

B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.

C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.

D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.

答案A

［解析］本題為寫作意圖題。本文為夾敘夾議文，根據(jù)文中對(duì)查爾斯?狄更斯及其作品在英國(guó)小說(shuō)史上重要性的

介紹，和文章最后一句可知，本文寫于查爾斯?狄更斯誕辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者寫本文是為了紀(jì)念查爾

斯?狄更斯這位偉大的作家。

一嘉鑒?憤緲

1.標(biāo)題歸納類

【例】（2021?全國(guó)乙卷?C篇）You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans一between4.8and12.7milliontonnes

enteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVon

Wongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewersto

re-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled4€Strawpocalypse,“apairof10-fbot-tallplasticwaves,

frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemade

itsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來(lái)源）ofplastic

pollution,butthey*verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheir

smallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrink

thatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說(shuō)明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload's

worthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,“VonWongandagroupofvolunteers

collectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（傾倒）

fromatruckallatonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.

31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

【答案】D

【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者講述了藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong（本杰明?馮?王）用塑料垃圾制

作巨型雕塑以期望喚起人們對(duì)環(huán)保問(wèn)題的關(guān)注的事跡，因此D項(xiàng)（海洋塑料變雕塑）適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選D。

2.文章大意類

【例】（2020?全國(guó)卷IILC篇）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation（孤獨(dú)）,

morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthe

groundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberof

multigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashing

machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,“saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:"Wespokemorewith

NickbecauseIthinkit*sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”

AndwhatdoesNickthink?"Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,I

thinkIwould.”

Ifshardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrising

forsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisen

from325,000in2001to419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;many

moreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslive

withtheirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainis

thoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.In

India,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhentheyget

married.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.

B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.

D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段可知，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老年人又面

臨著孤獨(dú)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來(lái)越多的家庭選擇住在?起。由此可知，文章主要講述了聚居在英國(guó)是?種呈上升趨勢(shì)的

生活方式。故選D,

3.段落大意類

【例】（2020?全國(guó)卷HIB篇）Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture（動(dòng)作捕捉）technologyto

createdigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor'sperformanceand

laterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes.”

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout"Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

【答案】B

【解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)本段第一句可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團(tuán)隊(duì)利用動(dòng)作捕捉技術(shù)來(lái)創(chuàng)造數(shù)字化動(dòng)物，

在記錄演員表演和后期加工處理上花費(fèi)了上千萬(wàn)美元，最后創(chuàng)造出了猿的圖像。由此可知，本段主要是關(guān)于數(shù)

字化人猿的創(chuàng)造。故選B。

s

2022年6月新高考I卷D篇

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafter

theNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'and'V'increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsare

stillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchange

inthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof'f'and'V'increasingremarkablyduringthe

lastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（對(duì)語(yǔ)

言數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的分析也證實(shí)，在新石器時(shí)代之后，世界語(yǔ)言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過(guò)去幾千年里，“r’和飛”

的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語(yǔ)言中仍然沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)）”可知，第五段主要是通過(guò)列明數(shù)據(jù)

分析結(jié)果來(lái)進(jìn)一步證明研究結(jié)果。故選A項(xiàng)。

2021年6月新高考2卷C篇

ABritishwomanwhowonaSImillionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld'sBestTeacherwillusethecashto

bringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.

AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution

（變革）.“Wearegoingtomakeachange,“shesaid.'Tvestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinour

schools.^^

Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-whetheran

up-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.

ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchool,herplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears.4tFveseen

thosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby-theireyesareshiningandtheirfaces

lightup,“shesaid."Weneedartists.morethaneverinourschools.”

ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid:"Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontactwith

childrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools."Itwasamistaketoseethe

artsasunnecessary,headded.

HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnotjust

anadd-on.44Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.Whatwill

remainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,ourvisionarysense

offreshness,thathasbeenourstrengthlorcenturies.'1

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BringArtiststoSchoolsB.WhenHistoriansMeetArtists

C.ArtsEducationinBritainD.TheWorld'sBestArtsTeacher

[11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobring

aboutaclassroomrevolution.tfcWearegoingtomakeachange,"shesaid."I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteaching

oftheartsinourschools.”（倫敦北部中學(xué)教師安德里亞?扎菲拉庫(kù)（AndriaZafirakou）表示，她想掀起一場(chǎng)課堂革命。

“我們將做出改變，“她說(shuō)。“我已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，以促進(jìn)我們學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)。可知，文章講述了Andria

Zafirakou用自己的獎(jiǎng)金啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，將藝術(shù)家?guī)нM(jìn)學(xué)校，促進(jìn)藝術(shù)教學(xué)。故選A。

|2（）21年6月全國(guó)甲卷D篇

Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let*sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogo

beyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentor

creativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisis

notasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothe

geniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcoloror

belief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythat

membersoftheirgender（，性另ll）are“really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:

Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare"really,reallysmart.*'Canourplanetafford

tohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesof

geniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,

andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith

^intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld."

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlike

B.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligence

D.GeniusandLuck

【解析】主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)（天才的想法相同）文章沒(méi)有涉及；C項(xiàng)（天才和智力）只是文章的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)不能

作為文章的主旨；D項(xiàng)（天才和運(yùn)氣）也只是在文章的最后稍微提起，也只是文章的一個(gè)小細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)文章的

最后?句Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith"intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅Z/）,and

simplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”正如一位作家所說(shuō)，未來(lái)的天才來(lái)自那些具有“智慧、創(chuàng)造

力和毅力”的人和簡(jiǎn)單的好運(yùn)，那些能改變世界的人。縱觀全文可知，天成具有多樣性，故選B項(xiàng)。

|2021年6月全國(guó)乙卷C篇

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheocean-between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystems

everyyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknow

thatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshipto

single-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalledHStrawpocalypse,napairof1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,

frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemade

itsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來(lái)源）ofplastic

pollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheir

smallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat*spartofVbnWong*sartworklikelycamefromadrink

thatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說(shuō)明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload's

worthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupofvolunteers

collectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（傾倒）

fromatruckallatonce.

VbnWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

【解析】主旨大意題。本文圍繞環(huán)保話題，介紹了一位叫本杰明的藝術(shù)家，試圖用塑料垃圾創(chuàng)作雕塑作品，喚

起公眾對(duì)塑料垃圾的重:視。故選D。

2021年6月浙江卷B篇

Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes*walkfromhomewhere

neighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen——any

screen-andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today*schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursaday

lookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.

Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplansto

counterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,

wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay“chocolate“intohisthree-year-oldson*searwithout

gettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself

''marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedto

youngpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupof

organisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.

“Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,'*DavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreallyinteresting

evidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbea

habitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:MWejustsendthemoutintothegarden

andtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile.'*

Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letus

getthemoutandletthemplay.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LetChildrenHaveFun

B.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTime

C.MarketNaturetoChildren

D.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren

【解析】.主旨大意題。文章首段闡述現(xiàn)狀，即孩子們花太多時(shí)間在電子屏幕上，緊接著提到「作者為呼吁孩子

們走進(jìn)大自然拍攝了紀(jì)錄片，希望孩子們能多花些時(shí)間在戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)上。因此本篇文章主要內(nèi)容為：向孩子們"

推銷”自然，故選Cc

[2021年3月天津卷C篇

AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis（催眠）canreduce

painandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperform

medical-imaging（醫(yī)學(xué)影像）procedures.

"Duringtheexaminationchildrendon'tmove.Itworksperfectly.Itsamazing,"saidJohanneL'Ecuyer,a

medical-imagingtechnologistatthehospital.

TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchteamfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhereexaminationsaredone

underhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia（麻醉）.

AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist-alsoahypnotist—wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthe

medical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren'shospital.Inall,80examinationswereconductedfortheprojectbetween

JanuaryandSeptember,2019,focusingontheimagingproceduresthatwouldcauseanxiety.

Hypnosisisnotastateofsleep:Itisratheramodified（改變的）stateofconsciousness.Thetechnologistwill

guidethepatienttothismodifiedstate——animaginaryworldthatwilldisassociateitselfmoreandmorefromthe

procedurethatfollows.

"Thetechnologistmustbuildupastorywiththepatient,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid."Thepatientisleftwiththepowerto

choosewhathewantstotalkabout.Doyouplaysports?Doyoulikegoingtothebeach?Weestablishasubjectthatwe

willdiscussthroughouttheprocedure.',

Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustberelatedtothisstory——aninjection（注射）becomesthe

biteofaninsect;theheatontheskinbecomesthesensationofthesunandamachinethatringsbecomesapolicecar

passingnearby.

"Theimportantthingisthatthetechnologistassociateswhatishappeningoutsidethepatient'sbodywithwhatthe

patientseesinhishead,1'Ms.L'Ecuyersaid.nItrequirescreativityonthepartofthetechnologist,imagination,alotof

patienceandkindness.*1

TheprocedureappealedtothestaffalotwhenitwasintroducedinJanuary."Itspreadlikewildfirethatsomeone

fromFrancewasheretotrainthetechnologists,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid.Sheaddedthatshehadalineofstaffatherdoor

wantingtotakethetraining

6.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.

B.Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis.

C.Anintroductionofmedical-imagingtechnology.

D.Theuseofhypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第?段"AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren^Hospital...andanxietyinpatients.

Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imaging（醫(yī)學(xué)影像）

procedures.（蒙特利爾兒童醫(yī)院的一個(gè)試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目表明催眠技術(shù)的使用可以減輕病人的痛苦和焦慮。一位法國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)

影像技術(shù)專家——也是一位催眠師被邀請(qǐng)到兒童醫(yī)院的醫(yī)學(xué)影像部門培訓(xùn)幾位員工）”可知，全文主要講述催眠

技術(shù)在醫(yī)學(xué)影像程序中的應(yīng)