2019-2023五年高考真題分項(xiàng)匯編：閱讀理解議論文（教師版）【備考2024】（新高考地區(qū)）

專題13閱讀理解議論文（解析版）

全國(guó)各地歷年高考真題全收錄

一、2023年高考真題

（一）2023全國(guó)乙卷D

Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartof

humanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,while

mostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntil

fairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutin

things.

Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodo

justthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literate

historyisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralian

Aboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.

FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirst

experienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbe

questionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyor

deliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosing

sideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,the

AfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpast

achievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthem

backavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,

allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheother

halfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.

12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.

C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.

13.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?

A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.

C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"conversation"inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

15.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?

A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustralia

C.AHistoryoftheWorldinJOOObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories

【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。本文討論「僅僅依靠書面文本來(lái)講述世界歷史的局限性，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了將

物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無(wú)文字社會(huì)的重要性。

【12題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnot

privilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhas

everhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity'slater

achievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcerns

notonlyinwritingbutinihings.（如果你想講述整個(gè)世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷

史，你不能僅僅通過文本來(lái)講述，因?yàn)槭澜缟现挥幸徊糠秩嗽?jīng)有過文本，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在

大多數(shù)時(shí)間里，都沒有。寫作是人類較晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至許多有文字的社會(huì)也不僅用

文字，而且用物件來(lái)記錄他們所關(guān)心的事情。戶可推知，第一段主要講述的是歷史應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)給

我們。故選A。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段首句"Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsome

chaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycant（理想情況下，歷史應(yīng)該

將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起，本書的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點(diǎn)，但在許多情況下，我們根本做不到。y

可推斷，作者認(rèn)為歷史應(yīng)該是文本和物品相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，但是很多情況下，我們做不到。再根據(jù)所

舉例子的下文“FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptainJsrecordofthatterrible

day.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield（盾）droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirst

experienceofgunshot.（在英國(guó)方面，我們有科學(xué)報(bào)告和船長(zhǎng)對(duì)那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞方

面來(lái)看，我們只有一個(gè)木制盾牌，這是一名男子在第一次經(jīng)歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的。）“可知，作

者舉這個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明船長(zhǎng)的記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述了問題。故選D。

【14題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleof

BeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmost

powerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.When

weconsidercontact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-hand

accountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.（力口勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、

貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過他們制造的物品向

我們講述他們過去最強(qiáng)大的成就：通過物品講述的歷史給了他們一個(gè)聲音。當(dāng)我們考慮諸如此類的

有文化社會(huì)和無(wú)文化社會(huì)之間的接觸時(shí)，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對(duì)話的一

半。）“結(jié)合戈!|線句"Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,

buttheobjects.（如果我們要找到對(duì)話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。）“可知，我們對(duì)

過去歷史的了解，只是書寫歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，

我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對(duì)象。所以conversation指的是“歷史”。故選B。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnot

privilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhas

everhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.（如果你想講述整個(gè)世界的歷史，一

段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來(lái)講述，因?yàn)槭澜缟现挥幸徊糠秩说臍v史

曾經(jīng)被文字記錄過，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時(shí)間里，都沒有。）“結(jié)合最后一段的“Ifweareto

findtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.（如果我們要找

到對(duì)話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。）”可知，本文講述僅僅依靠書面文本來(lái)講述世

界歷史有局限性，想要更好的了解歷史就要將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起。從而推斷文章最有可能選自

《100件物品中的世界史》。故選C。

二、2022年高考真題

（-）【2022全國(guó)乙卷】B

In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.一DorothyWoodruffand

RosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-room

schoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.Soforthemtomoveto

Elkhead,Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.Their

stayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsinthe

WestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealized

whattheyhadundertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,anda

blanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,Rosamondand

Dorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnow

wasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourse

influencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,

whichentailed（牽涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.Thebookendswith

RosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅(jiān)忍）ofthepeople

movehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdown

fromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thena

fullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,

whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.^^

24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

26.WhichpartofWickenden'swritingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

27.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.D.Adiaryentry.

【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.B

【解析】

【文章大意】這是一篇書評(píng)。本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-Dorothy

WoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachina

one-roomschoolhouse.（1916年，來(lái)自紐約奧本市的兩個(gè)富裕家庭的女孩---DorothyWoodruff和

RosamondUnderwood------來(lái)到落基山脈的?個(gè)定居點(diǎn)，在一間只有一個(gè)房間的學(xué)校教書。戶可知,

Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學(xué)校里教書。故選A項(xiàng)。

【25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittle

privacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.（他們和一個(gè)

當(dāng)?shù)丶彝?，哈里森一家一起搬進(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來(lái)時(shí)被子上覆

蓋著一層雪。戶以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰

上。）“可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D項(xiàng)。

【26題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,which

entaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.（令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設(shè)有

關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風(fēng)雪中鉆穿落基山脈。）”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的

鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選c項(xiàng)。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAubum.（這本書

以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束。）”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.The

sweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.（Wickenden是個(gè)很

好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅(jiān)忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。）“可知，本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹

了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，所以文本是一篇書評(píng)。故選B項(xiàng)。

（三）【2022全國(guó)乙卷】B

In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffand

RosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-room

schoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.Soforthemtomoveto

Elkhead,Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.Their

stayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsinthe

WestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealized

whattheyhadundertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,anda

blanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,Rosamondand

Dorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnow

wasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden^book,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourse

influencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,

whichentailed（牽涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.Thebookendswith

RosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅(jiān)忍）ofthepeople

movehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdown

fromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thena

fullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,

whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”

24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

26.WhichpartofWickenden'swritingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

27.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.D.Adiaryentry.

【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.B

【解析】

【文章大意】這是一篇書評(píng)。本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-Dorothy

WoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachina

one-roomschoolhouse.（1916年，來(lái)自紐約奧本市的兩個(gè)富裕家庭的女孩---DorothyWoodruff和

RosamondUnderwood——來(lái)到落基山脈的一個(gè)定居點(diǎn)，在一間只有一個(gè)房間的學(xué)校教書。）“可知,

Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學(xué)校里教書。故選A項(xiàng)。

【25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittle

privacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.（他們和?個(gè)

當(dāng)?shù)丶彝ィ锷患乙黄鸢徇M(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來(lái)時(shí)被子上覆

蓋著一層雪。）"以及"Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰

上。）”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D項(xiàng)。

【26題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,which

entaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowslorms.（令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設(shè)有

關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風(fēng)雪中鉆穿落基山脈。）“可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的

鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C項(xiàng)。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAubum.（這本書

以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束。）”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.The

sweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwritingsWickenden是個(gè)很

好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅(jiān)忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。戶可知，本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹

了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，所以文本是一篇書評(píng)。故選B項(xiàng)。

三、2021年高考真題

（四）2021年全國(guó)甲卷之D篇

Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let*sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.But

wewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeopleareso

muchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.

Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthe

standardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidethe

club-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboys

tosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性另lj）are“really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirls

actonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,

reallysmart.,,Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn*t

takeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedto

seeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocial

factors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,

futuregeniusescomefromthosewith^intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力），andsimplegood

fortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.,,

12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?

A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.

C.TheyYeobjective.D.TheyYestrict.

13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

CTheyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.

D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs

14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?

A.Improvedglobalcommunication.

B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.

C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.

D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck

【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章由問題“誰(shuí)是天才？’‘引入，論述了世人對(duì)天才的狹隘定義，提出事

實(shí)上“天才”有很多種形式,不要讓思維限制了我們的“天才”能力。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的"Itissaidthathistoryiswrittenbyvictors,andthosevictorssetthestandards

foradmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,or

peopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.（據(jù)說(shuō)歷史是由勝

利者書寫的，而那些勝利者為進(jìn)入天才俱樂部設(shè)定r標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。當(dāng)俱樂部以外的天才——女性或不同膚

色或信仰的人——做出貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，他們不會(huì)被承認(rèn)并且被其他人拒絕）”可推知，作者認(rèn)為那些“勝利

者’'對(duì)進(jìn)入"天才俱樂部”設(shè)置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不公平的，因?yàn)榕曰蛘卟煌w色或信仰的人做出的成就是

得不到承認(rèn)的。故選A。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixthey

starttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare''really,reallysmart.”（更糟糕的是，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩

們是按照這個(gè)信念行事的。六歲左右，她們開始避免那些據(jù)說(shuō)是“非常非常聰明”的孩子參加的活動(dòng)）”

可推知，女孩容易受到社會(huì)信仰的影響，認(rèn)為自己在六歲左右就不適合做“聰明孩子''做的事情。故

選D。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reall

positionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswhereverthey叩pear.（在一個(gè)全球通訊不斷的有線世界里，我們隨

時(shí)隨地都能看到天才的閃現(xiàn)）“可知，進(jìn)步的全球通訊讓更多的天才被公眾所知道。故選A。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文章第一段提出問題“Whoisagenius?（誰(shuí)是天才）”和最

后一段的“Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance,

andsimplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”（正如一位作家所說(shuō)，未來(lái)的天才來(lái)自那些具有

“智慧、創(chuàng)造力、毅力和那些能夠改變世界的簡(jiǎn)單天才?？芍?，天才不一定是那些有巨大貢獻(xiàn)的

人，他們也可以是某一方面比較突出的普通人。由此可知B項(xiàng)“天才有多種形式”可以作為本文最佳

標(biāo)題。故選B。

（五）2021年3月天津卷之D篇

Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittle

aboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.

Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticular

occupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknow

moreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursue

training,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhaving

tokeepup.

Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitment

canalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,then

lookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamily

andfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtothe

exclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.

Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithall

itsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective

（視角）intospecificfieldsofexpertise（專長(zhǎng)）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisa

superiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.

Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someof

yourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthatthey

are.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.Shehasdecidedtostudy

Chinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequally

interestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.UIdon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'mon

thispursuit.*'

Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseethe

interconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.

Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.

51.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto.

A.narrowhisrangeofknowledge

B.avoidresponsibilitiesatwork

C.knowmoreaboutthesociety

D.broadenhisperspectiveonlife

52.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto.

A.treasuretheirfreedom

B.travelaroundtheworld

C.spendmostlimeworking

D.enjoymeetingfunnypeople

53.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho.

A.isfullyawareofhistalentandability

B.isapurespecialistinmedicine

C.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophy

D.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork

54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?

A.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.

B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.

C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.

D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.

55.Whatcouldbethebesttitlefbrthepassage?

A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist

B.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecide

C.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialist

D.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist

【答案】51.A52.C53.D54.D55.A

【解析】

【分析】本文是議論文。文章論述了要當(dāng)?個(gè)多面手，而不是當(dāng)某方面的專家。

[51題詳解】

推理判斷題。文章第二段中提到"Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudy

orresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessand

less.（成為專家需要對(duì)特定的職業(yè)、研究領(lǐng)域的投入。成為專家的缺點(diǎn)是我們常常對(duì)越來(lái)越少的知

識(shí)領(lǐng)域了解得越來(lái)越多。）“根據(jù)"know…aboutlessandless”可知，要成為一名專家，了解到的知識(shí)

領(lǐng)域會(huì)越來(lái)越少，會(huì)縮小他的知識(shí)范圍。故選A。

【52題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段中提到"Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrow

specialty....Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight（有些人似乎愿意在他們狹隘

的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域夜以繼日地工作?！@些專家可以每天晚上在辦公室工作到十點(diǎn)。）“由此可知，這

些專家往往花大部分的時(shí)間在工作上。故選C。

【53題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,one

whocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.（這位既是詩(shī)人又是哲學(xué)家的醫(yī)

生是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能給他的病人提供比良好的醫(yī)術(shù)更多的東西。戶可知，作者認(rèn)為一名優(yōu)秀

的醫(yī)生可以將其他領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)帶到工作中。故選D。

【54題詳解】

推理判斷題。文章第五段中提到“Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassions

inallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheir

depths,youdiscoverthattheyare.（事物之間是有聯(lián)系的。讓你在一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專長(zhǎng)激發(fā)你在所有相關(guān)

領(lǐng)域的熱情。你的一些興趣可能看起來(lái)沒有聯(lián)系，但一旦你深入探索，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是有聯(lián)系

的。）“；下文舉出Toni的例子“MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.She

hasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasa

painter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.（我的編輯Toni也是一位作家，

她編輯過幾本歷史書。她已決定學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)歷史。作為一名畫家，她癡迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同時(shí)

也對(duì)更多地了解中國(guó)哲學(xué)感興趣。）”由此可以推斷，作者想通過Toni的例子說(shuō)明看似不相關(guān)的興

趣，如果深入探索的話，在某種程度上是有聯(lián)系的。故選D。

【55題詳解】

主旨大意題。文章第一段提出觀點(diǎn)“Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouarea

specialist.”作者提出即使你是一個(gè)專家，也應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個(gè)通才；文章第二段提出“Thedrawbacktobeing

specialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.”說(shuō)明成為專家的不足之處是我

們常常對(duì)越來(lái)越少的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域了解得越來(lái)越深；第四段中提到“Generalists,…，knowalotabouta

widerangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.”說(shuō)明當(dāng)通才的優(yōu)點(diǎn)往往對(duì)廣泛的學(xué)

科了解得很多，并從整體上來(lái)看其中的所有的聯(lián)系。作者的觀點(diǎn)是應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個(gè)通才。因此文章的標(biāo)

題應(yīng)為“BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist（做一個(gè)通才，而不是專家）故選A。

四、2020年高考真題

（六）2020年天津卷之D篇

Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifference

betweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihavenever

knownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.

Thetwobelongtogether.

Together,thesedeephumanurges（馬區(qū)策力）countformuchmorethatambition.Galileowasnot

merelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimed

theirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,

“Why?Why?Why?”

Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon'thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonly

recapturethem.

“Thegreatman,^^saidMencius（孟子），“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild'sheart.^^Yetmostofusdo

loseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowd

desiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecomer,toavoidfoolishleapsintothe

dark,tobesatisfied.

Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,we

thinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforce

ourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.

Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn't

an*angeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneofthe

experts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.

Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven'tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon't;

thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven'tanytime?That'sgood,becauseit'salwaysthepeoplewithno

timewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTomsCabinwhilecooking.

You'retooold?RememberthatTho