時態(tài)復習（現(xiàn)在完成時與各時態(tài)辨析）牛津譯林版英語八年級下冊

八年級時態(tài)復習——現(xiàn)在完成時與時態(tài)辨析Step1Ihavebeenlivinghere_____1999.A.forB.afterC.inD.since2._____haveyoubeenplayingtheguitar?For5years.A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howoften3.______mayIkeepthesebooks?Fortwoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howsoon4.______haveyoubeenhere?I’vebeenhereformonths.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howmany5.Theboy______TVallmorning.A.haswatchedB.hadwatchedC.hasbeenwatchingD.watched6.Howlong_____you_____stamps?Sincetwoyearsago.A.have,collectedB.did,collectC.have,beencollectingD.are,collecting7.Theyarestillworkinginthefields.They______fortwohours.A.wasworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.workedD.areworking8.Helookstired.Oh,he____forthreehours.A.havebeenskatingB.havebeenskatedC.hasbeenskatingD.hasbeenskated9.He______itfortwohours,andheisstillwatchingnow.A.hasbeenB.watchingC.hasbeenwatchingD.iswatching10.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswrittenStep2現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)講練2一、英語中還有一些動詞的意義決定它們所表示的動作不能延續(xù),只是一瞬間就結(jié)束的動作,這類動詞叫做“非延續(xù)性動詞”，常見的有：e，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，getup，bee，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。這些動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時，說明某個動作的結(jié)果還存在，但不能和表示一段時間的狀語（howlong，for，since）連用。Hehaseback.（√）Hehasebackfortwohours.（×）※

但在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動詞也可用表示一段時間的狀語來修飾，如Ihaven’theardfrommyfatherforalongtime.Wehaven’tseenhimsince1999.二、當終止性動詞（非延續(xù)性動詞）與表示一段時間的狀語（howlong，since，for，allone’slife）相矛盾時,改正錯句的方法有如下幾種:（1）用副詞ago把現(xiàn)在完成時的句子改為一般過去時.Hehasebackfortwoweeks.（錯）改為:Hecamebacktwoweeksago.（正）Ihavelostmybikefortendays.（錯）改為:Ilostmybiketendaysago.（正）（2）用“Itis/hasbeen＋時間＋since＋一般過去時態(tài)”句型來改寫。HehasjoinedtheLeaguefor3years.（錯）Itis3yearssincehejoinedtheLeague.Ihaveboughtthebookfor5days.（錯）Itis5dayssinceIboughtthebook.（正）Hehasdiedfor20years.（錯）Itis20yearssincehedied.（正）（3）用“時間＋haspassed＋since＋一般過去時態(tài)”句型來改寫。Hehaslefthomefor20years.改為:Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthome.Hehaslosthispenfor2days.改為:Twodayshaspassedsincehelosthispen.（4）用系表結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫.Hehasdiedfor20years.改為:Hehasbeendeadfor20years.Thefactoryhasopenedsince1999.改為:Thefactoryhasbeenopensince1999.Howlonghasheleft?改為:Howlonghashebeenaway?（5）用相應的延續(xù)性動詞替代非延續(xù)性動詞。Hehasboughtthebookfortwoweeks.改為:Hehashadthebookfortwoweeks.常見的相應轉(zhuǎn)換形式如下:borrow/lend→keepbuy→have,finish/end→beoverarrive/e/go/move/reach/getto→bein/at/behere/betherebegin/start→beonopen→beopenclose→becloseddie→bedead,leave→beaway（from）gotoschool→beinschool/beastudent,getup→beupfallasleep→beasleep,fallill→beillgettoknow→knowlose→belostbee→bereturn/eback/getback→bebackjoin→bein/bea…memberjointhearmy→beinthearmy/beasoldierreceive/getaletter→havealettercatch/getacold→haveacoldbegintostudy→study他參軍已有三年.Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.（錯）改為:Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.=Itisthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.=Threeyearshaspassedsincehejoinedthearmy.鞏固練習（1）Hecametoourvillagetwoyearsago.=Heourvillagesincetwoyearsago.（2）Helefthomethreedaysago=Hehomefor3days.（3）Iboughtthewatch2weeksago=Ithewatchsince2weeksago.（4）Itis5dayssinceIborrowedthebook=Ithebookfor5days.（5）Thefilmhasbegun=Thefilmforhalfanhour.（6）Igottoknowhim10yearsago=Ihimfor10years.（7）Thereisafactory=Thereafactoryfor20years.（8）Ourschoolopenedin1960=Ourschoolsince1960.三、現(xiàn)在完成時中應注意的幾個問題1.havebeento和havegoneto的區(qū)別havebeento強調(diào)“去過”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，如：HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美國去過三次。（過去“到美國”，現(xiàn)在已“不在美國”）havegoneto主要強調(diào)的是“去了”，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場，如：Where'syourmother?你媽媽在哪？Shehasgonetothehospital.她去醫(yī)院了。2.havebeento和havebeenin的區(qū)別havebeento強調(diào)人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語。eg.①ShehasbeentoShanghaionlyonce.②Howmanytimeshashebeenthere?He'sbeentheremanytimes.havebeenin表示某人“已在某地停留一段時間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語。eg.①Theyhavebeenatthebusstopforhalfanhour.他們在車站呆了半小時。（現(xiàn)在仍然在車站）②WehavebeeninXi'anfortwoweeks.我們在西安呆了兩個多星期。（現(xiàn)仍在西安）③HowlonghavetheybeeninChina?他們在中國呆了多長時間了？（仍在中國）練習：用havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin/wentto填空。1._____youever_____Disneyland?2.Howmanytimes_____you_____Disneyland?3.I_____Nanjingsincetwoyearsago4.Mr.Li_____HongKong.Andhe'llebackintwodays.5.—Howlong_____you_____Disneyland?—Forthreedays.I__________thethemeparklastSunday.6.Myfather__________HongKongtwoweeksago.7.Myfather__________HongKongin2005.8.Myfather__________HongKongsince2005.9.Myfather__________HongKongtwice.10.Myfather__________HongKongandhehasn'tebackyet.11.—Where'sLucy?—Shehas__________toarestaurantforlunch.12.Haveyou__________tothisparkbefore.13.Ihave__________thereonlyoncethisyear.14.Shehas__________totheshoptobuyanotebook.15.You'relate,LaoWanghas__________toGuangzhou.Step3真題導入：()1.—What’sthatterriblenoise?——Theneighborsforaparty.haveprepared B.arepreparing C.prepare D.willprepare()2.——IwantedtovisityourunclewhenIpassedhispany,buthewasn'tin.——Oh.Heformyfatherwithmeatthetrainstation.A.iswaitingB.waitedC,haswaitedD.waswaiting()3.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?

A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave一、現(xiàn)在進行時基本用法：1表示此刻（指說話人說話時）正在發(fā)生的事：Wearewaitingforyou.暫時或當時的動作2習慣進行（現(xiàn)階段正在進行）：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.（說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)）構(gòu)成：am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定、一般疑問、回答一般情況+ingfalling、sleeping以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞去e，+inghaving、biting以ie結(jié)尾的單詞改ie為y+ingDying、lying以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫詞尾字母+ingputting、sitting結(jié)尾為c且讀作/k/時結(jié)尾加k再加ingPicnicking3在最近計劃或安排要進行的活動/已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來活動：用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來即使說可以用來代替將來時，但一般要與表示將來的時間狀語連用，僅限于少量動詞。表示“來來去去”的詞：e、go、leave、start、move、arrive、fly、stay等，用這些詞的現(xiàn)在進行時表將來的動作。I’mleavingforatrekinNepalnextweek.我下周要去尼泊爾旅行。We’reflyingtoParistomorrow.4.某些介詞短語用于“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)中表示動作正在進行。Theyareattable.=Theyareeatinglunchnow.Mymotherisatworknow.=Mymotherisworkingnow.5.always是一般現(xiàn)在時的標志詞，但是它也可以用于現(xiàn)在進行時。用于現(xiàn)在進行時的時候，表示一種強烈的感情色彩，譯為“總是”。Heisalwaystellinglies.Sheisalwayshelpingothers.6.祈使句：Bequiet！Thebabyissleeping.Hurryup！Thebusising.7.WhereisTom?Ican’tfindhim.Heisplayinggames.Isthereraincoatyours?Mineishangingouthere.8.某些特殊動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進行時。（1）have當“有”講時，不能用現(xiàn)在進行時。Ihavetwobooksnow.（2）“belongto”Thetwopeoplebelongtomenow.（3）表示“心理活動/狀態(tài)/感覺”的詞Iwantadognow.解題技巧：1.帶有時間副詞now或提示性動詞listen,look,canyousee,can’tyousee之類的暗示語時,用現(xiàn)在進行時；2.上下語境體現(xiàn)出的正在進行的動作。二、過去進行時基本用法:（過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行或發(fā)生的動作）1.表示過去某段時間正在進行的動作,常與之連用的時間狀語：Thismorning、thewholemorning、allday、yesterday、fromninetoten、lastevening、when、whileWhatwasheresearchingalldaylastSunday?IfirstmetMarythreeyearsago.Shewasworkingataradioatthattime.2.表示過去某個時間點發(fā)生的事情。Atthattime,atnineyesterdaymorning…Whatwasshedoingatnineo'clockyesterday?Whatwereyoudoingat7p.m.yesterday?3在復合句中,如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續(xù)的或同時發(fā)生的,那么住從句的動詞都可用過去進行時：如:Whilehewaswaitingforthebushewasreadingnewspaper.(延續(xù)動詞)Hewascleaninghiscarwhilewascooking.(同時進行)4.表示過去頻繁發(fā)生的習慣性動作,常與副詞always、frequently連同,帶有說話人的感情色彩。Hismotherwasalwaysworkinglikethat.5.通常不能用于過去進行時的動詞:agree、believe、belong、care、forget、hate、have、hear、mean…特殊用法:when和while都表示“當…時”的時候，while后一般都是進行時態(tài),when后可加任何時態(tài)但考試的時候，多考when后加一般時態(tài)，while后加進行時態(tài)的辨析。Mybrotherfellandhurtwhilehewasridinghisbike.Shewasmakingcakeswhenhermotherarrivedathome.過去進行時強調(diào)動作的進行性和連續(xù)性,一般過去時強調(diào)發(fā)生過的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調(diào)動作結(jié)果,說明有過這件事。三：現(xiàn)在進行時與一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別：(1)基本用法;(2)謂語動詞的形式;(3)時間狀語;(4)特殊用法1.一般現(xiàn)在時表示習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)2.一般現(xiàn)在時的謂語動詞:(1)be(2)實義動詞現(xiàn)在進行時:am/is/are+動詞ing3.時間狀語4.表示客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象往往要用四、現(xiàn)在進行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:1.一般過去時所指的過去時間比較籠統(tǒng)過去進行時比較具體；2.一般過去時強調(diào)的是動作的“發(fā)生”或狀態(tài)的“存在”,過去進行時強調(diào)動作正在進行3.有時,同是發(fā)生于過去的某一個時候的某一個動作,兩個時態(tài)都可采用,但語意不盡相同,有很大區(qū)別。Jackwrotelettertohisparentslastnight.(寫完了)Jackwaswritinglettertohisparentslastnight.(信不一定寫完)4.一般過去時的謂語動詞既能用延續(xù)性動詞,也能用非延續(xù)性動詞;過去進行時只能用延續(xù)性動詞。隨堂鞏固1.Whydidn’tPeterhishomework?—Hesaidhehadlosthisworkbook.Ithinkit’saexcuse.A.doesB.doingC.doD.did2.PukouRailwayStationin1911andithasbeeafilminglocationforfilmsandTVplaysinrecentyears.A.buildB.isbuiltC.builtD.wasbuilt3.WhereisJoan?Sheanovelinherstudy.A.hasreadB.readsC.willreadD.isreading4.Toomanypeoplewereabsent.Thechairpersonwarnedthathethemeetingifnecessary.A.wouldcancelB.cancelledC.wouldstartD.started5.Youwillseemanyauntsdancingtogetheronthesquareifitintheevening.A.doesn’trainB.rainsC.willrainD.won’train6.HelenencouragedmetospeakEnglishasmuchaspossiblebecausepracticeperfect.A.beesB.becameC.willmakeD.makes7.SherlockHomesaskedthesuspectwhathewhenthemurdertookplace.A.wasdoingB.hasdoneC.isdoingD.woulddo8.CanMr.Kingsparetimeforthecharityshow?Ifhe,hewilltryhisbesttomakeit.A.willbeinvitedB.isinvitedC.invitesD.