Unit4知識(shí)點(diǎn)全面清單-高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性2

人教（2019）選修二Unit4知識(shí)點(diǎn)全面清單1.airline[?e?la?n]n.航空公司internationalairlines國(guó)際航空公司2.bay[be?]n.?；蚝?灣aparkingbay停車位3.craft[krɑ?ft]n.手藝;工藝;技藝thewriter'scraft寫作技巧4.antique[?n?ti?k]n.古物;古董a.古老的;古董的anantiqueshop古董店5.pleasant[?pleznt]a.令人愉快的;友好的pleasevt.使高興;使?jié)M意pleasedadj.高興的;滿意的pleasingadj.令人愉快的pleasuren.愉悅;快樂(lè)Shewasverypleasedwithherexamresults.她對(duì)自己的考試成績(jī)非常滿意。6.arise[??ra?z]vi.(arose,arisen)起身;出現(xiàn);由…起arisefrom/outof由……引起/產(chǎn)生;從……中產(chǎn)生Thecountry’spresentdifficultiesarisefrom/outoftheshortageofpetroleum.這個(gè)國(guó)家當(dāng)前的困境是由石油短缺造成的【溫馨提示】arise為不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“出現(xiàn),發(fā)生時(shí)’如果主是,argument,argument,difficulty,misunderstanding,problemquarrel,trouble等抽象名詞,無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞arise

(vi.

)

出現(xiàn);

發(fā)生

arosearisenarisingrise

(vi.

)

升起;

起身;

增長(zhǎng);

上升roserisenrisingraise

(vt.

)

舉起;

喚起;

提高;

飼養(yǎng)raisedraisedraising①Asisknowntous,thesun____intheeastandsetsinthewest.②_______people’sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment,welaunchedacampaign.

7.massive[?m?s?v]a巨大的;非常嚴(yán)重的amassiverockamassiveheartattack8.literally[?l?t?r?li]ad.字面上;真正地literala字面上的;原義的;9.breath[breθ]n.呼吸的空氣.(1)holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸c(diǎn)atchone’sbreath喘息;恢復(fù)正常呼吸loseone’sbreath喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)takeadeepbreath深呼吸takesb’sbreathaway令人驚嘆outofbreath上氣不接下氣10.takesb’sbreathaway令人驚嘆TheytookataxitoLakeLouise,wherethebluewaterliterallytooktheirbreathawaywithitsexceptionalbeauty11.bound[breθ]a.準(zhǔn)備前往(某地);一定會(huì)beboundtodo一定會(huì)做……;注定會(huì)做……beboundfor準(zhǔn)備去……Whenyouaredealingwithsomanyproblems,mistakesareboundtohappen.當(dāng)你處理那么多問(wèn)題的時(shí)候,肯定會(huì)出錯(cuò)。①Childrenarebound__(meet)withsetbacksastheygrowup,sotheirparentsdon’thavetoworryaboutit.

②HegotonaRussianplanebound___Berlin.12.scenery[?si?n?ri]n風(fēng)景;景色Thesceneryismagnificent.景色壯麗。13.awesome[???s?m]a.令人驚嘆的可怕的;很好的anawesomesight驚人的奇觀14.spectacular[spek?t?kj?l?(r)]a.壯觀的;壯麗的;驚人的n.壯麗的場(chǎng)面;精彩的表演spectacularscenery壯麗的景色15.peak[pi?k]n.頂峰;山峰;尖形atthepeakofhercareer.在她職業(yè)生涯的巔峰時(shí)期amountainpeak山峰16.highlight[?ha?la?t]n.最精彩的部分vt.突出;強(qiáng)調(diào);使醒目Thehighlightsofthematchwillbeshownlaterthisevening.比賽最精彩的片段將于今晚稍后播出。18.grizzlybear[?gr?zli?be?(r)]n.灰熊19.drill[dr?l]vi.＆vt.鉆(孔);打(眼)n.鉆(頭);訓(xùn)練;演習(xí)ahanddrill手鉆afiredrill消防演習(xí)20.freezing[?fri?z??]a.極冷的;冰凍的freezevi.＆vt.(froze,frozen)結(jié)冰;(使)凍住frozenadj.冷凍的;冷藏的freezern.冰柜;冷凍室It’ssocoldthateventheriverhasfrozen.天氣冷得河都封凍了。①Itisfreezingoutsidenow,andmoresnowisfallingonalreadyfrozenstreets.(freeze)②Betweentheoutsideandtheinsidewallsofthebowl,thereissomejelly,whichfreezes(freeze)whencooled.23.mall[m??l]n.alsoshoppingmall購(gòu)物商場(chǎng);購(gòu)物廣場(chǎng)24.prairie[?pre?ri]n.北美草原25.anticipate[?pre?ri]vt.預(yù)料;預(yù)見(jiàn);期望.anticipateproblems/difficulties預(yù)見(jiàn)問(wèn)題/困難anticipatedoingsth預(yù)料做某事Itisanticipatedthat..人們預(yù)料Itisanticipatedthattheresearchwillhavemanydifferentpracticalapplications.預(yù)計(jì)這項(xiàng)研究將有許多不同的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。26.bunch[b?nt?]n.束;串;捆bunches（扎在頭兩側(cè)的）發(fā)辮Sheworeherhairinbunches.她梳著兩條辮子。27.abunchof一束;一串;一群;大量abunchofkeys一串鑰匙28.thunder[?θ?nd?(r)]vi.打雷;轟隆隆地響n.雷聲;轟隆聲arollofthunder雷聲隆隆Thundercrashedinthesky.霹靂在空中炸響。29.frost[fr?st]n.霜;嚴(yán)寒天氣;霜凍vt.使蒙上霜.結(jié)霜asharp/hard/severefrost酷寒frostdamage霜凍害30.curtain[?k??rtn]n.窗簾draw/pull/closethecurtains把窗簾拉上31.border[?b??d?(r)]n.國(guó)界;邊界(地區(qū))abordertown/state邊疆的城鎮(zhèn)/州32.duration[dju?re??n]n.持續(xù)時(shí)間;期acontractofthreeyears'duration三年期的合同33.harbor[?hɑ?b?]n.(海)港;港口atthisharbor在這個(gè)港口34.enroll[?n?r??l]vi.＆vt.(使)加入;注冊(cè);登記TheschoolwillenrollnewstudentsinAugust.這所學(xué)校將于八月份招收新生.35.quarry[?kw?ri]n.采石場(chǎng)36.idiom[??di?m]n.習(xí)語(yǔ);成語(yǔ);風(fēng)格Itwasanoldbuildinginthelocalidiom.這是一座具有當(dāng)?shù)靥厣墓沤ㄖ?37.contrary[?k?ntr?ri,k?n?tre?ri]a.相反的;相對(duì)立的n.相反的事實(shí)38.contraryto相反的;相對(duì)立的onthecontrary相反Contrarytoexpectation,hedidn’twininthecontest.與預(yù)期相反,他在競(jìng)賽中沒(méi)有獲獎(jiǎng)。anyhow[?eniha?]ad.無(wú)論如何(結(jié)東交談或轉(zhuǎn)換話題時(shí))不過(guò);反正anyway無(wú)論如何；即使如此somehowadv.以某種方式；不知怎么地somewhatadv.有點(diǎn)；有幾分40.alongside[??l???sa?d]prep在…旁邊;與…一起ad在旁邊41.proceed[pr??si?d]vi.行進(jìn);繼續(xù)做proceedwithsth繼續(xù)做某事proceedtodosth繼續(xù)做某事proceedtowards/to朝……行進(jìn)We’renotsurewhetherwestillwanttoproceedwiththesale.我們不確定是否還要繼續(xù)促銷。43.shore[???(r)]n.岸;濱arocky/sandyshore巖/沙岸ahouseontheshoresofthelake湖畔的房子44.astonish[??st?n??]vt.使十分驚訝;使吃驚（1）Itastonishessbthat...令某人驚訝的是……(2)astonishingadj.令人驚訝的astonishedadj.感到驚訝的beastonishedat/bysth因/對(duì)某事感到驚訝beastonishedtodosth對(duì)做某事感到驚訝astonishmentn.驚訝toone’sastonishment使某人驚奇的是知識(shí)微練】①Itwas__________(astonish)thatsheshouldacceptsuchachallengingjob.②Toourgreat__________,hewasn’t__________atthe__________newsatall.(astonish)45.misty[?m?sti]a.多霧的;模糊的amistymorning薄霧彌漫的早晨46.mistn.薄霧;水汽inmist.在霧中47.steel[sti?l]n.鋼;鋼鐵工業(yè)theironandsteelindustry鋼鐵工業(yè)48.dusk[d?sk]n.黃昏;傍晚atdusk.49.advertisement[?d?v??t?sm?nt]n廣告;啟事advertisevt.&vi.為……做廣告;做廣告advertisern.廣告商;廣告人員Ifyouwanttoattractmorecustomers,tryadvertisinginthelocalpaper.如果你想要吸引更多顧客,就試試在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙登廣告。50.accent[??ksent;??ks?nt]n.口音astrong/broadaccent濃重的口音51.photographer[f??t?ɡr?f?(r)]n.攝影師;拍照者52.owe[??]vt.欠(賬、債、情等).owesthtosb欠(某人情);把……歸功于某人oweittosbthat...把……歸功于某人owingto因?yàn)?由于Ioweadebtofgratitudetoallmyfamily.我很感激我的家人。①ItisowingtohisoptimismandperseverancethathewasadmittedintoPekingUniversity.正是他的樂(lè)觀和堅(jiān)持使他被北京大學(xué)錄取。②ImustsayIowealltheachievementstotheencouragementandhelpfromyou.我必須說(shuō)我所有的成就源于你的鼓勵(lì)和幫助53toast[t??st]n.烤面包片;吐司;干杯vt.為…干杯vi烤(尤指面包)apieceoftoast一塊烤面包片woslices/roundsoftoast兩片/兩整片烤面包片Wetoastedthesuccessofthenewpany.我們?yōu)樾鹿镜某晒Ω杀?4.cobblestone[?kɑb?l?ston]a.鋪有鵝卵石的55.coherent[k???h??r?nt]a.有條理的;清楚易懂的二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1..anumberof“許多”,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。Hehasanumberofinterests,rangingfromplayingchesstoswimming.他的愛(ài)好很多,下棋、游泳都有涉獵?！癮numberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。2.wouldrather寧愿,寧可;Iwouldrathertravelbytrainthanbyplane.我寧愿乘火車也不愿乘飛機(jī)旅行.(2)orrather更確切地說(shuō)otherthan除……之外(常用于否定句中)morethan超過(guò);多于Theformcannotbesignedbyanyoneotherthanyourself.這個(gè)表格不能由除你以外的任何人簽字。【提示】ratherthan連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與ratherthan前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。3...in表示在某范圍內(nèi),on指與某地毗鄰,to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina.長(zhǎng)春在中國(guó)的東北部。(范圍之內(nèi))MongoliaisonthenorthofChina.蒙古在中國(guó)的北面。(范圍之外,接壤)JapanistotheeastofChina.日本在中國(guó)的東面。(范圍之外,不接壤)【拓展】off表示“離……一些距離”或“離……不遠(yuǎn)的海上”。NewZealandliesofftheeasterncoastofAustralia.新西蘭位于澳大利亞的東海岸。(離開(kāi)一段距離)三、重點(diǎn)句型、句式1.Itwasnotuntil9:30a.m.thattheyfinallyreachedthecapitalofOntario,Toronto.直到上午9時(shí)30分,他們才終于到達(dá)多倫多的首府安大略省?！酒饰觥勘揪涫且粋€(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)until9:30。含有not...until...的句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)句為Itisnotuntil...that...,that后面的句子要用肯定形式。2.Theymusthavespentapleasanteveningtogether.他們?cè)谝黄鹨欢ǘ冗^(guò)了一個(gè)愉快的夜晚?！酒饰觥烤渲械膍usthavebeen是musthavedone結(jié)構(gòu),表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè),譯成“過(guò)去一定做過(guò)某事”,該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。Youmusthavereadwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.你過(guò)去一定進(jìn)行了廣泛閱讀并投入了大量的工作。【拓展】(1)表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情否定或疑問(wèn)的推測(cè)要用can或could。MrSmithcan’thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我剛才還在圖書(shū)館見(jiàn)過(guò)他。(2)may/mighthavedone也可表示對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的推測(cè),意思是“可能已經(jīng)”或“也許已經(jīng)”,用于肯定句中。might與may意思相同,但可能性更小。—WhathashappenedtoGeorge?——喬治發(fā)生了什么事?—Idon’tknow.Hemayhavegotlost.——我不知道,他可能迷路了。3.Chinesepeoplehavebeeninghereformorethanahundredyears.中國(guó)人來(lái)這里已經(jīng)一百多年了?！揪涫狡饰觥勘揪涫且粋€(gè)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能剛剛結(jié)束,也有可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。I’msureyouwilldobetterinthetestbecauseyouhavebeenstudyingsohardthisyear.我確信你將在這次考試中取得更好的成績(jī),因?yàn)檫@一年里你一直用功學(xué)習(xí)。4.Itissaidthatapersonwhotravelsfarknowsmore.人們說(shuō)讀萬(wàn)卷書(shū)不如行萬(wàn)里路?！酒饰觥縄t是形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句,在主語(yǔ)從句中有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。Itissaidthat...意為“據(jù)說(shuō)……”。Itisthoughtthat...據(jù)認(rèn)為……Itisbelievedthat...人們相信……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Itishopedthat...人們希望……Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知……四、語(yǔ)法過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)1.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的意義【觀察思考】Thegirlswereamazedtoseesuchanopencountry.看到這樣一個(gè)開(kāi)闊的國(guó)家女孩感到驚奇Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息他似乎很高興。(3)ThedoorremainedunlockedwhenIwentbackhome.我回家時(shí)門仍然未鎖?！咎骄靠偨Y(jié)】過(guò)去分詞除了放在be動(dòng)詞后,也可放在remain、seem、get、feel、look、bee等之后作表語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)(動(dòng)作/狀態(tài))。2、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別【觀察思考】(1)Thecupisbroken.杯子破了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))(2)ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是湯姆打破的。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))【探究總結(jié)】過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，而動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。(動(dòng)作/狀態(tài))【應(yīng)用實(shí)踐】翻譯句子。①門是關(guān)著的Thedoorisclosed②門被他關(guān)上了。Thedoorwasclosedbyhim.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ);常見(jiàn)詞匯作表語(yǔ)的形容詞體現(xiàn)的是形容詞的特性，位于系動(dòng)詞(如be，get，bee，feel，look，seemapear，keep，remain，stay等)之后，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或狀況。amused逗樂(lè)的，覺(jué)得好笑的 connected連接的broken碎了的 closed關(guān)閉的pleted完成的 astonished吃驚的covered覆蓋的 crowded擁擠的delighted高興的 disappointed失望的discouraged泄氣的 dressed穿著的drunk喝醉的 experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的gone遺失的 lost丟失的worried擔(dān)憂的 interested感興趣的tired疲勞的 pleased高興的satisfied滿意的 surprised吃驚的married已婚的 known著名的confused困惑的 embarrassed尷尬的Theywereveryexcitedatthenews.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們非常激動(dòng)。Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.他們對(duì)眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。[即學(xué)活用]①Heis________(please)withthedishthatIhavecooked.②Tohisteacher，theresultofhisexamis________(please)．③Hewas________(frighten)ofgoingaloneintotheemptyhouse.④Thesituationwas________(frighten)，whichmadepeopleinit________(fright)．3.感覺(jué)類及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞ing形式與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別【觀察思考】(1)Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.我們對(duì)他在會(huì)上講的話很是驚訝。(2)Hiswordswerediscouraging,andthat'swhymanypeoplewerediscouraged.他的話令人泄氣,這就是很多人灰心喪氣的原因。(3)Hislookwaspuzzledbecausetheproblemwaspuzzling.他的表情很困惑,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)問(wèn)題令人困惑不解?！咎骄靠偨Y(jié)】過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài),常譯作“感到…的”;動(dòng)詞in形式多表示事物具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因_、條件、伴隨、讓步和結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)，且與主句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系?！緫?yīng)用實(shí)踐】(1)_______intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.A.FoundingB.FoundedC.FoundD.Itwasfounded(2)When_____forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.A.askingB.heaskingC.askedD.heasked(3)_____withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.UsedB.UsingC.ItisusedD.Itisusing（4）過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)在句中的位置【觀察思考】(1)Toldthathismotherwasill,LiLeihurriedhome.得知母親病了,李雷趕緊回家。(2)Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.老人在兒子的攙扶下走進(jìn)房間?！咎骄靠偨Y(jié)】過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作條件、原因及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在句首(句首/句末)；作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在_句末_(句首/句末)；作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在句末,有時(shí)也放在句首;作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在句首,有時(shí)也放在句末。（5）.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞ing短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別【觀察思考】(1)Askedwhyhewaslate,hecried.被問(wèn)到他為什么遲到時(shí),他哭了。(2)Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomestudentsplayingthere.我朝窗外望去,看見(jiàn)幾個(gè)學(xué)生正在那邊玩耍?！咎骄靠偨Y(jié)】過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的___被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即表示被動(dòng);動(dòng)詞ing短語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,即表示主動(dòng)。（主謂/動(dòng)賓）五、寫作小訓(xùn)練得知你準(zhǔn)備去英國(guó)旅游,想了解有關(guān)英國(guó)的歷史文化,你的英國(guó)朋友寫了一封簡(jiǎn)要的介紹文章,內(nèi)容包括:1.英國(guó)地理位置;2.英國(guó)歷史地位。注意:詞數(shù)80左右。Step1寫作技巧1.詞匯提升(短語(yǔ)升級(jí))ThefullnameoftheUKis“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainand