專(zhuān)題06讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)關(guān)鍵之快速構(gòu)思故事情節(jié)（講義）

專(zhuān)題06讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)關(guān)鍵之快速構(gòu)思故事情節(jié)(講義)目錄TOC\o"13"\p""\h\z\u考點(diǎn)讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之快速故事故事情節(jié)1頁(yè)【真題研析·規(guī)律探尋】1頁(yè)一、研讀文本1精讀文本,掌握關(guān)鍵信息1頁(yè)2理清記敘文的3大線索1頁(yè)3確定文章主題和故事的發(fā)展方向1頁(yè)4分析文章的用詞特點(diǎn)和行文風(fēng)格1頁(yè)二、根據(jù)已知，構(gòu)思續(xù)寫(xiě)思路1.四句話語(yǔ)定框架1頁(yè)2.構(gòu)思情節(jié)三注意1頁(yè)【真題研析】2頁(yè)【模擬演練】5頁(yè)考點(diǎn)06讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)關(guān)鍵之快速構(gòu)思故事情節(jié)在考場(chǎng)上閱讀讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)故事后，快速構(gòu)思續(xù)寫(xiě)故事情節(jié)是至關(guān)重要的首要一步，有了正確的、合乎全文的故事構(gòu)思，才能讓續(xù)寫(xiě)得以順利進(jìn)行。構(gòu)思思路不清楚會(huì)導(dǎo)致在續(xù)寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地，因?yàn)榭紙?chǎng)上的時(shí)間是有限的。因此，構(gòu)思故事情節(jié)是至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。為保證形式合乎邏輯的、主題正確的和情節(jié)合理的故事，我們需要認(rèn)真做到一下幾點(diǎn)：一、研讀文本1．精讀文本,掌握關(guān)鍵信息根據(jù)記敘文六要素:5W1H,什么人(Who)什么時(shí)間(When)在什么地方(Where)因?yàn)槭裁?Why)做了什么事情(What),最后有了什么發(fā)展(How)等,精讀短文,明確故事人物關(guān)系,理清故事主要事件,并找到該篇短文的寫(xiě)作線索理清情節(jié)脈絡(luò),把握情感變化,領(lǐng)會(huì)主旨要義。繼而順藤摸瓜,連環(huán)設(shè)問(wèn),步步為營(yíng),合乎邏輯地預(yù)測(cè)后續(xù)情節(jié)發(fā)展,直至勾畫(huà)出清晰的整體脈絡(luò)。2．理清記敘文的3大線索即時(shí)間線、情節(jié)線和情感線。閱讀文本時(shí)要抓住這三條主線。必要時(shí)可以列出這些線索，以更好地理解文章，為續(xù)寫(xiě)做好準(zhǔn)備。只有對(duì)原文的脈絡(luò)線索和段落結(jié)構(gòu)有正確和深刻的理解，續(xù)寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容才能和原文銜接緊密，情境融洽度高。3．確定文章主題和故事的發(fā)展方向這一點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要。只有把握了文章的主旨意圖，才能很好地完成續(xù)寫(xiě)。確保續(xù)寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容和原文要有邏輯上的一致性，并能回應(yīng)原文的信息。4．分析文章的用詞特點(diǎn)和行文風(fēng)格考生要仔細(xì)閱讀給定的上文，在充分理解文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，認(rèn)真體會(huì)上文的用詞特點(diǎn)和行文風(fēng)格，只有這樣才能使續(xù)寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容在語(yǔ)言色彩上和行文風(fēng)格上與所給文章保持高度一致。二、根據(jù)已知，構(gòu)思續(xù)寫(xiě)思路精讀原文找準(zhǔn)了線索、確定了主題后,即可順應(yīng)原文情節(jié)和兩段給定的首句,用四句話搭建續(xù)寫(xiě)情節(jié)框架。1.四句話語(yǔ)定框架Step1:續(xù)寫(xiě)大方向+段首句→正能量的結(jié)局Step2:續(xù)寫(xiě)第一段首句+第二段首句→第一段的框架Step3:續(xù)寫(xiě)第一段的最后一句→銜接第一段和第二段Step4:續(xù)寫(xiě)第二段的首句+正能量結(jié)局→第二段的框架2.構(gòu)思情節(jié)三注意①續(xù)寫(xiě)中情節(jié)的設(shè)計(jì)要符合人物形象的刻畫(huà)和主題的凸顯。好的故事情節(jié)和語(yǔ)篇框架是讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)得高分的第一要素。②續(xù)寫(xiě)中的情節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)必須依據(jù)情節(jié)發(fā)展和常識(shí)。在給定的框架內(nèi),可按“所見(jiàn)、所聞、所想、所做、所感”等給每段寫(xiě)5至8個(gè)句子。讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)的情節(jié)需要和原文邏輯融洽,幫助原文作者“圓”全文,并且讓人感到自然。③續(xù)寫(xiě)中的情節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)要盡可能簡(jiǎn)潔。一般就是續(xù)寫(xiě)一個(gè)到兩個(gè)解決方案的組合。如:別人的安慰讓我鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái),然后耐心等待,不一會(huì)兒救援人物出現(xiàn),脫險(xiǎn)結(jié)束。核心情節(jié)共三句,中間是感情的變化。【真題研析】(2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Itwasthedayofthebigcrosscountryrun.Studentsfromsevendifferentprimaryschoolsinandaroundthesmalltownwerewarmingupandwalkingtheroute(路線)throughthickevergreenforest.IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,whowasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.Iwalkedoverandaskedhimwhyhewasn’twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitatedandthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool’scoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened.“Iwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim,”heexplainedunfortably.“Igavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide.”Ibitbackmyfrustration(懊惱).Iknewthecoachmeantwell—hethoughthewasdoingtherightthing.AftermakingsurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted,Iturnedtofindhimingtowardsme,hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.ThatwaswhynoneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecidedtojointhecrosscountryteam.Itjusttookhimlonger—that’sall.Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalwaysfinish.Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool,IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.注意:續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Paragraph1:Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn’tlookatme.

Paragraph2:IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.

【技法指導(dǎo)】精讀文本,掌握關(guān)鍵信息：記敘文基本要素——抓住情節(jié)線1通過(guò)記敘文基本要素5W(When,Where,Who,What,Why),分析故事的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及事情經(jīng)過(guò),了解文章的情節(jié)脈絡(luò)。WhenThedayofthebigcrosscountryrunWhereThespotwherethebigcrosscountryrunwouldbeginWhoDavid(aboywithabraindisease),I(aspecialeducationteacher),thecoachWhatDaviddecidedtogiveuptherun,forwhichhehadworkedsohard.WhyDavidwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim.確定文章主題和故事的發(fā)展方向讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)一般都用正能量結(jié)尾。所以David一定會(huì)繼續(xù)參加比賽,其他學(xué)校的孩子們也不會(huì)嘲笑他,反而會(huì)很敬佩他,會(huì)為他的身殘志堅(jiān)和不畏困難堅(jiān)持到最后的精神而鼓掌。理清記敘文的2大線索1.分析人物(性格)特征與情感——抓住情感線;2.分析存在的沖突、問(wèn)題或懸念——抓住情節(jié)線2;3.分析“人物情感線”和“故事情節(jié)線”中存在的沖突、問(wèn)題或者懸念,為續(xù)寫(xiě)內(nèi)容提供情節(jié)邏輯和情感基礎(chǔ)。DavidHisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.Hehesitatedandthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.Hewasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim.Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent.Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.Hehadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalwaysfinish.1.情感線2.情節(jié)線2——沖突、問(wèn)題與懸念:IIwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.情感線ThecoachLetDaviddecidewhethertorun.讀段首句,構(gòu)思情節(jié)——設(shè)問(wèn)推動(dòng)情節(jié)走,情感延續(xù)雙線行通過(guò)“自問(wèn)自答”的方式,激發(fā)對(duì)后續(xù)情節(jié)的好奇心及想象力,并借助自己心中的疑惑,為續(xù)寫(xiě)構(gòu)建寫(xiě)作大綱,情節(jié)情感雙線并進(jìn)。段落設(shè)問(wèn)推進(jìn)情節(jié)延續(xù)情感延續(xù)第一段Didhefinallydecidetorun?Whatmadehimchangehismind?WhatdidIdoorsay?WhatwasDavidsreaction?由第一段首句“我們挨著坐著,但David不看我?！焙偷诙问拙洹拔铱粗鳧avid和其他選手一起走向起跑線?！笨芍?第一段可描寫(xiě)作者鼓勵(lì)David繼續(xù)完成比賽,David經(jīng)過(guò)強(qiáng)烈的心理斗爭(zhēng),最終決定參加比賽。根據(jù)續(xù)寫(xiě)第一段首句中的“Davidwouldn’tlookatme”可知,David內(nèi)心有自卑感、挫敗感,參賽的自信心不足,因而作者需要通過(guò)一定的方式(話語(yǔ))鼓勵(lì)David,幫助他重建參賽的信心。第二段Howdidherun?Facedwithdifficulties,whatdidDaviddo?WhatdidIfeelwhenIsawhimrun?Whatwasthereactionofthespectators?Didhefinishtherun?由第二段首句“我看著David和其他選手一起走向起跑線?！笨芍?第二段可描寫(xiě)David開(kāi)始比賽,雖然中途遇到困難,但是仍然堅(jiān)持到最后,完成比賽,并且因此贏得了對(duì)手的敬意。根據(jù)續(xù)寫(xiě)第二段首句中的watched與movedupto可以推測(cè)出,David已經(jīng)走出心理陰影,雖然比賽中David面臨巨大挑戰(zhàn),但仍能不懼困難、堅(jiān)持到底,最終完成比賽。作者對(duì)此也倍感欣慰。豐富細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)在寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中,需要刻畫(huà)細(xì)節(jié)沖突,優(yōu)美連貫表達(dá)?？坍?huà)細(xì)節(jié)需要用心理描寫(xiě)、動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)、環(huán)境描寫(xiě)等來(lái)增加寫(xiě)作的生動(dòng)性和可讀性。這非一日之功,需要考生平時(shí)的點(diǎn)滴積累?！緟⒖挤段摹縒esatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn’tlookatme.Pattinghimonthebacksoftly,Iquietlysaid,“David,ifyoudon’twanttoruntoday,nooneisgoingtomakeyou.Butifyouarenotrunningbecauseyouareafraidsomeoneisgoingtolaughatyou,thatisnotagoodenoughreason.Youknow,youcan’tstopothersfromlaughingatyou,butyoucandecidewhatyouwanttodo.”IheldmybreathasDavidtookthisin.Thenhelookedatthefieldandsaidwithfiercebutquietdetermination,“I’mgonnarun.”IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.Atthesoundofthesignalgunshot,therunnersshotoutlikebullets,exceptDavid.Hedraggedhislegswithgreatefforts,stepbystep.Thoughleftfarbehind,hekeptstrivingtowardshissetgoalatafirmpace.Witheveryone’sencouragement,hefinallycrossedthefinishingline,achievinghisbestrecordever.Peopleweredeeplymovedbyhisperseveranceanditwasthedearestthinginsportsmanship.Withthepowertoconquerhimself,hecanconqueranythingonthewaytoapromisingfuture.【模擬演練】閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Ittookplaceinateacher’sfamily.Oneday,Benwasplayingbasketballinthelivingroomafterschool,whenheaccidentallythrewtheballatavasesittingontheshelf.Thevasedroppedtothefloorandalargepiecebrokeoff.WhatmadeBenmoreupsetwasthatthevasewasnotamondecorationbutanantique,whichwashandeddownthroughgenerationsfromthe18thcentury.Itwasalsohismother’sfavouritepossession.Tocoverhisterribleaction,theterrifiedboygluedthepiecestogetherhastilyandputthevasebacktoitsplace.Asthemotherherselfdustedthevaseeveryday,shenaturallynoticedthecracks(裂紋)thatevening.Tohersurprise,therepairworkwasactuallyverygood.Atdinnertime,sheaskedherboyifhebrokethevase.Fearingpunishment,thesuddenlyinspiredboysaidthataneighbour’scatjumpedinfromthewindowandhecouldn’tdriveitawaynomatterhowhardhetried.Itracedaroundthelivingroomandfinallyknockedthevaseoffitsshelf.Hismotherwasquiteclearthathersonwaslying,forallthewindowswereclosedbeforesheleftforworkeachmorningandopenedaftershereturned.However,inthefaceofherson’snervouseyesandthesuspiciouslooksoftheotherfamilymembers,Ben’smotherremainedcalm.Sherealizedsheshouldn’tjustsimplyblameandpunishhersonforlying.Shecameupwithanotheridea.Beforegoingtobed,theboyfoundanotefromhismotherinhisroom,askinghimtogotothestudyatonce.Theboythoughthewouldnowbepunished,butashehadalreadylied,hewasdeterminedtodenyeverythingtotheend,nomatterhowangryhismumbecame.Inthestudy,calmlybathedinthelight,hismother’sfaceshowednosignofanger.Onseeinghersonpushopenthedoorandcautiouslyenter,shetookachocolateboxoutofadrawerandgavehimone.注意:續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Paragraph1:Themothersaid,“Thischocolateisarewardforyourimagination:awindowopeningcat!”

Paragraph2:Nowwithsomechocolatesinhand,theboy’sbadattitudedisappeared.

【技法指導(dǎo)】精讀文本,掌握關(guān)鍵信息TimeOnedayafterschool(pasttense)PlaceInBen’shouseCharactersThelittleboyBen;hismotherEvents/EmotionsPara.1:Benbrokehismother’sfavouriteantiquevase.(Hewasterrified.)Para.2:ThemothernoticedthevasewasbrokenandaskedBenaboutit,butBendenied.Para.3:ThemotheraskedBentogotothestudy.Para.4:ThemothergaveBenachocolate.…ThemeHonestyisthebestpolicy.續(xù)文情節(jié)推理①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“媽媽說(shuō):‘這個(gè)巧克力糖是對(duì)你想象力的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì):一只會(huì)開(kāi)窗子的貓!’”可知,第一段可描寫(xiě)媽媽用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)巧克力糖的方式引導(dǎo)Ben承認(rèn)是他自己打碎了花瓶。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“現(xiàn)在手里拿著巧克力糖,男孩的不好的態(tài)度消失了。”可知,第二段可描寫(xiě)B(tài)en良心不安,無(wú)法繼續(xù)撒謊,最后鼓起勇氣對(duì)媽媽坦白事情的經(jīng)過(guò)?！緟⒖挤段摹縏hemothersaid,“Thischocolateisarewardforyourimagination:awindowopeningcat!”Hearinghersincereappreciation,Benflushed,loweredhisheadandmutteredathankyou.Surprisingly,themothertookoutanotherchocolateandpresseditintohishand.“Thisoneisforthedelicaterepairwor