Unit4Stageandscreen現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語詳解與練習(xí)（原卷版）

必修2unit4現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語觀察以下句子：①Seeinghimrunaredlight,Iwasdisappointedwithhisbehavior.②Usingthetool,themechaniccouldfixthecar.③Havingreadthearticleseveraltimes,heisveryfamiliarwiththestoryinthearticle!④Istoodbythedoor,notsayinganything.⑤Thoughworkinghard,hefinallyfailed.⑥Beingmorepatient,youwilllearntomastertheskill.總結(jié)規(guī)律：(1)句①～⑥中現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語都是句子的________。(2)句①中黑體部分作________狀語；句②中黑體部分作________狀語；句③中黑體部分作________狀語。(3)句④中黑體部分作________狀語；句⑤中黑體部分作________狀語；句⑥中黑體部分作________狀語。(4)句①②④⑤⑥中現(xiàn)在分詞短語為一般式，表示動作與謂語動詞________；句③中現(xiàn)在分詞短語為完成式，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞________。一、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式現(xiàn)在分詞主動態(tài)被動態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞(或現(xiàn)在分詞短語)在句中作狀語，表示動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式或伴隨狀況。常?？梢蕴鎿Q成相應(yīng)的狀語從句。1．現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語時Lookingoutofthewindow,shesawabreathtakingview.(將現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)＝_____________________________________,shesawabreathtakingview.當(dāng)她看向窗外時，她看見了令人驚嘆的景色。Liftingmyhead,Iwatchedthebrightmoonlight.(將現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)=_____________________________________,Iwatchedthebrightmoonlight.當(dāng)我抬起頭，我望見了明亮的月光。2．現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語時Beingill,hecouldn'tgotoschool.(將現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)=_____________________________________,hecouldn'tgotoschool.因為生病了，他無法去上學(xué)。Notunderstandingthenativelanguage,heemployedaguidetohelphim.(將現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)=____________________________________________,heemployedaguidetohelphim.因為不理解當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z言，他雇傭了一個導(dǎo)游來幫助他。3．現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語時Gettingupearly,you’llkeepenergeticthewholeday.(將現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)=________________________________________,you’llkeepenergeticthewholeday.如果你早起，你會保持旺盛精力一整天。Turningtotheright,youwillfindthepostoffice.(將現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語改寫成狀語從句)=_____________________________________,youwillfindthepostoffice.如果你向右轉(zhuǎn)，你會找到郵局。4．現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時，通常放在句末，中間用逗號隔開，表示一種順其自然、意料之中的結(jié)果。Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,(thus)causingmydelay.我的車遭遇了交通堵塞，導(dǎo)致我耽擱了時間。Theboyfelloffthebike,(thus)breakinghisleg.這個男孩從自行車上摔下來，摔斷了他的腿。注意：①現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時，可在現(xiàn)在分詞前加副詞thus，強(qiáng)調(diào)表示結(jié)果的關(guān)系。②現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語與不定式作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示一種順其自然、意料之中的結(jié)果；不定式作結(jié)果狀語時，表示一種出乎意料的結(jié)果，常常在不定式前加only。Hewascaughtintherain,makinghimselfcatchacold.他淋雨了，因此感冒了。Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofinditwasSunday.我匆忙趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天。5．現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語時現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步、方式和伴隨狀語時，說明動作發(fā)生的背景和情況。作伴隨狀語時，表示分詞的動作和主句的動作同時發(fā)生，此時它可轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.(將現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句)＝Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom_____________________________________.瑪麗坐在教室的窗邊讀一本書。Havingmadefullpreparations,hewasstillturneddownbythepany.(將現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語從句)=____________________________________,hewasstillturneddownbythepany.雖然他已經(jīng)做了充分的準(zhǔn)備，他仍然被這家公司拒絕了。三、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的注意事項1．現(xiàn)在分詞有時態(tài)的變化現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，要注意分詞的時間性，現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)，完成式(havingdone)。(1)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。Liftingthehead,Iwatchedthebrightmoonlight.當(dāng)我抬起頭，我望見了明亮的月光。（liftingthehead為現(xiàn)在分詞，表示這個動作與watched同時發(fā)生。）(2)當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作先發(fā)生，而謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生時，即現(xiàn)在分詞的動作發(fā)生先于謂語動詞時，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先發(fā)生的，wenttopost是后發(fā)生的)2．現(xiàn)在分詞有語態(tài)的變化現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式的被動態(tài)(beingdone)，還是用完成式的被動態(tài)(havingbeendone)。使用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動態(tài)還是被動態(tài)，主要取決于現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間的關(guān)系。Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.被領(lǐng)著參觀了工廠后，他們很高興。(現(xiàn)在分詞havingbeenshown是先于謂語動詞were之前發(fā)生的，且現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間是被動關(guān)系)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.完成了作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺。(現(xiàn)在分詞havingfinished是先于謂語動詞wenttobed之前發(fā)生的，且現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間是主動關(guān)系)Beingrepairednow,theclassroomcannotbeused.教室現(xiàn)在正在被維修，不能使用。(現(xiàn)在分詞beingrepaired與謂語動詞beused同時發(fā)生，且現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間是被動關(guān)系，表示“正在被......”)Repairingthebookshelf,themanhadnotimetogototheparty.因為這個人在修理書架，他沒有時間參加晚會。(現(xiàn)在分詞repairing與謂語動詞had同時發(fā)生，且現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間是主動關(guān)系)3．現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式：not＋v.-ing;nothaving＋v.-edNotknowingthis,hedidn'te.他不知道這件事，所以沒來。Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.因為沒有做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，我們把運(yùn)動會延期了?，F(xiàn)在分詞可用于狀語從句的省略注意：為強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)的意義，可在其前加上各種連詞。如when,while,although,though,if,because等，也叫做狀語從句的省略。狀語從句的省略，即主句的主語與從句的主語一致，且從句中出現(xiàn)be動詞時,此時，狀語從句可以省略主語和be動詞,保留連詞。When/Whileshewaswalkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.(進(jìn)行狀語從句的省略)=______________________________,shesawanoldman.當(dāng)她在公園里散步時，看到了一位老朋友。Thoughtheparentswerelackingmoney,theymanagedtosendtheirsontotheuniversity.(進(jìn)行狀語從句的省略)=________________________________,theymanagedtosendtheirsontotheuniversity.雖然他的父母缺錢，但是他們成功把他們的兒子送到了大學(xué)。5．現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格，表示現(xiàn)在分詞也可以有自己獨(dú)立的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。Theweatherbeingfine,wewentoutforawalk.由于天氣好，我們出去散步了。(現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)為theweatherbeingfine,即現(xiàn)在分詞beingfine有自己的主語theweather)Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentbackhomedisappointed.所有的票賣光了，他們失望而歸。(現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)為alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,即現(xiàn)在分詞havingbeensoldout有自己的主語allthetickets，且與allthetickets為被動關(guān)系，另外，havingbeensoldout表示動作發(fā)生先于謂語動詞wentbackhome)6．現(xiàn)在分詞作評注性狀語(固定搭配)有些固定搭配，如generallyspeaking“一般來說”，judgingby/from...“從……判斷”，considering“考慮到……”Judgingfromhisbehaviour,hemustbemad.從他的行為來判斷，他一定是瘋了。Consideringhisabilityandexperience,heisaproperperson.考慮到他的能力和經(jīng)驗，他是合適的人選。鞏固練習(xí)：(1)寫出黑體部分所作成分①Hearingthenews,heburstintotears._____________②Notknowinghisaddress,Ican'twritetohim.______________③Thechildfelltotheground,hittinghisheadheavily.______________④Feelingunfortable,heattendedthelecture.______________⑤Helayinbed,readinganovel._______________⑥Usingastick,thepainterdrewapictureonthegroundintenminutes._______________⑦Standingstillforalongtime,youwillmakeyourselfmoretired._______________⑧Theywentbackhomefromthepark,singinganddancing.______________(2)單句語法填空①________(select)theproperpresent,theysentittotheirrespectableprofessor.②Not________(know)whattodo,thechildrenhadtowaitfortheirparentstoeback.③________(hear)thesignal,peopleranoutofthebuilding.④________(judge)fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful,butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.⑤Thedecision________(make),whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.⑥Istoodthere,_____________(wait)forhim.⑦When________(explore)thecave,theyfoundavaluablemineral.⑧It________(be)Sunday,manypeoplegotothegymnasiumtodophysicalexercises.⑨Not_______________(invite),hefeltunhappy.⑩Thecaseshockedthepublic,________(cause)ahotdebateoverhumannatureontheInternet.(3).句型轉(zhuǎn)換,將狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成非謂語①．Becausetherewerenocustomers,theyclosedthestore.→________________nocustomers,theyclosedthestore.②．Thoughhehadtriedmanytimes,hestillcouldn'tsucceed.→________________manytimes,hestillcouldn'tsucceed.③．Ifyousetoffearlier,you'llgettothetownatdusk.→____________earlier,you'llgettothetownatdusk.④．Thetallbuildinghadbeenattackedbyterroristsandfelldown.→________________________，thetallbuildingfelldown.⑤．Ifweatherpermits,weshallgothereonfoot.→________________，weshallgothereonfoot.單項選擇1．Theinterviewersstaredback,theirblankfaces________noclueastowhattheywouldsaynext.A．gave B．hadgiven C．giving D．given2．_____________otherstobelieveinthemselves,StephenCurryislivingproofthat_____________otherpeoplethinkofyoudoesnothavetoinfluencewhatyoubee.A．Inspiring;thatB．Inspired;what C．Inspiring;what D．Inspired;that3．MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,________itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A．make B．made C．tomake D．making4．Themanager,_____hisfactory'sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.A．knowingB．KnownC．toknowD．beingknown5．______good,thecupcakesweresoonsoldout.A．Tasted B．Beingtasted C．Tasting D．Havingtasted6．Thelecture__________，helefthisseatsoquietlythatnooneplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeaker.A．began B．beginning C．havingbegun D．beingbeginning7．_____________,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A．GeneralspeakingB．SpeakinggeneralC．GenerallyspeakingD．Speakinggenerally8．________itmanytimes,Istillcan’tmakeTomunderstandwhatIsaid.A．ExplainingB．HavingexplainedC．ToexplainD．Havingbeenexplained9．________shecouldn’tmovetheheavysuitcasealone,thewomanturnedtothepassengernexttoher.A．Torealise B．Realise C．Realised D．Realising10．InChina,amanfromJiangsuProvince________fromuniversityattheageof88,________himtheoldestuniversitygraduateinthecountry.A．graduated;makingB．graduated;tomakeC．beinggraduated;madeD．havinggraduated;made11．Lindalistenedintentlytothepianomusic,________herselfinitsbeauty.A．lose B．lost C．tolose D．losing12．_______himselfwithroutinetasks,hehadnotimetoacpanyhischildren.A．Tooccupy B．Occupying C．Occupied D．Havingoccupied13．______theplexityoftheworkandthelackoftimeintoaccount,weplantocooperatewithanotherpany.A．Totake B．Taken C．Taking D．Take14．Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,________inasmallapartmentnearBostonand__________whattodoabouthisfuture.A．living;wonderingB．lived;wondering