國(guó)際貿(mào)易政策與實(shí)務(wù)智慧樹(shù)知到期末考試答案2024年

國(guó)際貿(mào)易政策與實(shí)務(wù)智慧樹(shù)知到期末考試答案2024年國(guó)際貿(mào)易政策與實(shí)務(wù)Aquotawouldhaveinfluenceonthemarketwhen__________（）

A:thequotaquantityislessthanthequantitythatpeoplewouldwanttoimportwithoutaquota.B:thequotaquantityismorethanthequantitythatpeoplewouldwanttoimportwithoutaquota.C:thequotaquantityisequaltothequantitythatpeoplewouldwanttoimportwithoutaquota.答案:thequotaquantityislessthanthequantitythatpeoplewouldwanttoimportwithoutaquota.Theprotectionisttoolusedtoassurethatproductsmeetminimumrequirementstoprotecthealth,safety,ortheenvironmentiscalled________（）

A:Tariff-quotaB:GovernmentprocurementC:DomesticcontentrequirementsD:Productstandards答案:ProductstandardsWhichstepinaninternationaltradenegotiationmeansaddition,modificationorreflectionoftheoffer？（）

A:EnquiryB:Counter-offerC:AcceptanceD:Offer答案:Counter-offerWhereisthefundamentaltradebenefitderivedfrom?（）

A:pricedifferencebetweendifferentcountriesB:communicationcostC:transportationcostD:legalcost答案:pricedifferencebetweendifferentcountriesIftheopportunitycostofAis2B,thentheopportunitycostofBmustbe____.（）

A:2AB:1AC:4AD:0.5A答案:0.5AAsmallcountryinthisclassisdefinedasacountry_____.（）

A:whosegeographicalareaissmallB:whosepopulationissmallC:whoseeconomicsizeissmall.D:whoseimportshareissmallintheworldmarketsothatitwon’thaveanyinfluenceontheworldprice.答案:whoseimportshareissmallintheworldmarketsothatitwon’thaveanyinfluenceontheworldprice.ThecountryofPugeloviahasanendowment(totalsupply)of20unitsoflaborand3unitsofland,whereastherestoftheworldhas80unitsoflaborand7unitsofland.Ifwheatislandintensiveandclothislaborintensive,thenaccordingtoHeckscher-Ohlin’spredictions,_______.（）

A:Pugeloviaisland-abundant,anditwillexportwheat.B:Therestoftheworldisland-abundant,itwillimportwheat.C:Pugeloviaislabor-abundant,anditwillexportcloth.D:Therestoftheworldislabor-abundant,anditwillimportcloth.答案:Pugeloviaislabor-abundant,anditwillexportcloth.Aboutthereasonsforinternationaltrade,DavidRicardo’stheoryofcomparativeadvantageemphasizesdifferencesin______indifferentcountries,whileH-Omodelemphasizesdifferencesin________indifferentcountries.（）

A:technologicallevels;productivefactorendowmentB:.productivefactorendowment;technologicallevels答案:technologicallevels;productivefactorendowmentThestepinaninternationaltradenegotiationinwhichthesellerorbuyerrespondstoaninquiryiscalled：（）

A:OfferB:EnquiryC:AcceptanceD:counter-offer答案:OfferAsinglefirm’sinnovationsinproductiontechnologyoftenbenefittheproductionofotherfirms,becausetheseotherfirmslearnaboutthenewtechnologyandcanusesomeoftheideasintheirownproduction.Inthiscase,isthereanexternalityhere?（）

A:Yes,thereareexternalbenefits.B:No,therearenoexternalities.C:Yes,thereareexternalcosts.D:No,wecan’tbesureaboutthisquestionwiththeinformationavailable.答案:Yes,thereareexternalbenefits.Thedeadweightlosstoanationcausedbyimporttariffisdueto_______（）

A:onlyconsumptioneffectB:bothproductioneffectandconsumptioneffectC:onlyproductioneffect答案:bothproductioneffectandconsumptioneffectThespecificityrulemeansthat_____（）

A:Tradepoliciesaremoreefficientthanindustrialpoliciesinmostcases.B:TariffsaremoreefficientpolicytoolsthanVER.C:Tradeprotectionismismoreefficient.D:Itisusuallymoreefficienttousethegovernmentpolicytoolthatactsasdirectlyaspossibleonthesourceofthedistortionseparatingprivateandsocialbenefitsorcosts.答案:Itisusuallymoreefficienttousethegovernmentpolicytoolthatactsasdirectlyaspossibleonthesourceofthedistortionseparatingprivateandsocialbenefitsorcosts.Thetwowaysofmeasurementofabsoluteadvantageare______and_____.（）

A:unitcost;opportunitycostB:opportunitycost;laborproductivityC:laborproductivity;unitcostD:laborwage;opportunitycost答案:laborproductivity;unitcostTheassertionthatatemporarytariffisjustifiedbecauseitcutsdownonimportswhilethedomesticindustrylearnshowtoproduceatlowenoughcostsbeforeiteventuallywillbeabletocompetewithoutthehelpofatariffiscalled_______（）

A:Thedevelopinggovernmentargument.B:Promotingdomesticproductionargument.C:Theinfantindustryargument.D:Thedyingindustryargument.答案:Theinfantindustryargument.Marketglobalizationcanbereflectedin_______:（）

A:percentageofserviceoutsouringinworldGDP.B:percentageofFDIinworldGDP.C:percentageofworldtradeinworldGDP.答案:percentageofworldtradeinworldGDP.Whichofthefollowingistheformulaforaproduct’sintra-industrytrade(IIT)share?（）

A:1–[|X-M|/(X+M)]B:1-(X+M)C:1–[|X+M|/(X-M)]D:1–|X-M|答案:–[XM/(X+M)]Themethodofweightcalculationinthecontractincludes：（）

A:NetWeightB:ConditionedWeightC:GrossWeightD:TheoreticalWeight答案:GrossWeight;NetWeight;ConditionedWeight;TheoreticalWeightThereareseveralwaysofChartertransportation：（）

A:BareboatCharterB:TimeCharterC:ContinuousCharterD:VoyageCharter答案:VoyageCharter;TimeCharter;BareboatCharterWhichtradetermsonlyapplytoseaandinlandwaterwaytransport？（）

A:FASB:FOBC:CFRD:CIF答案:CFR###CIF###FOBUnderwhatconditionsanationwouldbenefitfromsubsidizingimportsofagood?（）

A:Usingforeignproductscouldbringnewknowledgebenefitsintheimportingcountry.B:Thereareincentivedistortions,andthenationhaslittleprivateincentivetobuyimports.C:Buyingandusingimportedproductsbringpositiveexternalities.答案:Usingforeignproductscouldbringnewknowledgebenefitsintheimportingcountry.Thecharacteristicsoflinertransportare：（）

A:FixedbaseportsB:FixedsailingschedulesC:FixedsailingroutesD:Fixedfreightrates答案:Fixedsailingschedules;Fixedsailingroutes;Fixedbaseports;FixedfreightratesOceantransportationisthemostimportantmodeoftransportation.（）

A:錯(cuò)誤B:正確答案:正確FOBprice=costs+profits(withoutfreightandinsurance).（）

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)答案:錯(cuò)Forthepricehasbeenrelativelystablecommodities,aswellasforthetransactionofasmallquantityorarecentdeliveryofgoods,generallycanbeconcludedatafixedprice.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)答案:對(duì)Ifquotasareallocatedbasedonfixedfavoritism,governmentassignsimportlicensestofirmswithoutcompetition,applications,ornegotiation.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)答案:對(duì)Friendlyconsultationalsorequiretheparticipationofathirdparty.（）

A:錯(cuò)誤B:正確答案:錯(cuò)誤FOBPrice=ActualCosts(ManufacturingPriceorFactoryPrice-TaxRebate)+DomesticCharges+AnticipatedProfit.（）

A:正確B:錯(cuò)誤答案:正確CFRPrice=ActualCosts(ManufacturingPriceorFactoryPrice-TaxRebate)+DomesticCharges+AnticipatedProfit+OceanicFreight+InsurancePremium.（）

A:正確B:錯(cuò)誤答案:錯(cuò)誤Arbitrationissimpler,moreefficientandlesscostlythanlitigation.（）

A:正確B:錯(cuò)誤答案:正確CIFprice=CFRprice+Insurance=FOBprice+Freight+Insurance.（）

A:錯(cuò)誤B:正確答案:正確Internationaltradetermscanhelppartiestoavoidmisunderstandingsandwasteoftimeandmoney.（）

A:錯(cuò)誤B:正確答案:正確Internationaltradetermsonlycanbeusedtodeterminethebuyer’sobligationsandresponsibilities.（）

A:錯(cuò)誤B:正確答案:錯(cuò)誤Internationaltradeconsidersonlytheexchangeofgoods.（）

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)答案:錯(cuò)Internationaltradeiseasierandlessriskythandomestictrade.（）

A:錯(cuò)誤B:正確答案:錯(cuò)誤CFRprice=costs+freight+profits(withoutinsurance).（）

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)答案:錯(cuò)Nationallyoptimaltariffisgoodforthewholeworld.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)答案:錯(cuò)FOBandCIFapplytoanymodeoftransport.（）

A:錯(cuò)誤B:正確答案:錯(cuò)誤Internationaltradetermscanbeusedtodeterminethechargesforthetransportationofgoodsfromtheseller’spremisestothebuyer’splace.（）

A:正確B:錯(cuò)誤答案:正確ContainerTransportcanonlyuseFullContainerLoad(FCL).（）

A:正確B:錯(cuò)誤答案:錯(cuò)誤ThetermsofthepartiestothecontractincludeAddress,Fax,Thename,Thephone,Emailaddress.（）

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)答案:對(duì)China'sinternationalbusinessnegotiatorsmustbefamiliarwithChina'sforeigneconomicandtradepoliciesandmeasures.（）

A:正確B:錯(cuò)誤答案:正確Whichofthefollowingisthebasisfortradeinamonopolisticallycompetitivemarket?（）

A:comparativeadvantage.B:productdifferentiation.C:externalscaleeconomies.D:constantreturnstoscale.答案:AI參考:正確答案是B：產(chǎn)品差異化。\n壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)市場(chǎng)的貿(mào)易基礎(chǔ)是產(chǎn)品差異化。產(chǎn)品差異化指不同生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品在具有同質(zhì)功能的同時(shí)，還能體現(xiàn)不同產(chǎn)品間的差別。這是基于市場(chǎng)上少數(shù)幾個(gè)主導(dǎo)廠商決定各自?xún)r(jià)格的情況而提出的市場(chǎng)模型。由于主導(dǎo)廠商的價(jià)格是動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整的，而非均衡價(jià)格，產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格并非單一價(jià)格，每個(gè)產(chǎn)品還有各自的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)價(jià)格，產(chǎn)品的這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)價(jià)格的變化推動(dòng)了不同生產(chǎn)者的相互適應(yīng)與技術(shù)改進(jìn)，這使產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量趨于接近但產(chǎn)品形式更加多樣。從而引發(fā)產(chǎn)品的供給差異、需求差異、成本差異和產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新差異。市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的多元化成為引導(dǎo)技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)態(tài)變化的中心機(jī)制。因?yàn)榻灰椎氖峭|(zhì)的且差異性極大的商品或服務(wù)，形成了壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的商品特性；差異性帶來(lái)了可選擇的消費(fèi)者需求的多樣化；與個(gè)別產(chǎn)品相關(guān)的是與質(zhì)量差異化的品質(zhì)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)制度不同為利用供求力量的談判性形成過(guò)程。其他選項(xiàng)都不符合題目要求。因此，正確答案是B：產(chǎn)品差異化。'Intra-IndustryTrade:（）

A:ismostlybasedonthedifferencesstressedintheHeckscher-Ohlintradetheory.B:israrelyobservedintheworldtoday.C:occurswhentheUnitedStatesexportsFordautomobilesandsimultaneouslyimportspetroleum.D:occurswhentheUnitedStatesexportsFordautomobilesandsimultaneouslyimportsHondaautomobiles.答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是【C:occurswhentheUnitedStatesexportsFordautomobilesandsimultaneouslyimportspetroleum.】\n\n原文中提到“Intra-IndustryTrade:occurswhentheUnitedStatesexportsFordautomobilesandsimultaneouslyimportspetroleum”，意思是產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易發(fā)生時(shí)，美國(guó)出口福特汽車(chē)的同時(shí)進(jìn)口石油。選項(xiàng)C符合原文描述，因此是正確答案。選項(xiàng)A和D都與原文描述不符，選項(xiàng)B則與原文描述相反，因此都不正確。'Globalizationcanbereflectedinthefol