語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)講義介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)（學(xué)生版）

專(zhuān)題五介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題五介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)介詞是一種虛詞，用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。知識(shí)梳理知識(shí)梳理第一部分介詞考點(diǎn)一：時(shí)間介詞★★★一、at、in與on時(shí)間介詞用法例子at用于具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)（鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻）前at6：00在六點(diǎn)atnoon在正午atnight在晚上in用于年、月、世紀(jì)、季節(jié)或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等前inMay在五月insummer在夏天inthemorning在早上inthetwenty-firstcentury在21世紀(jì)on用于具體日期或具體某天的早上、下午、晚上前，星期或節(jié)日前onAugust1stlastyear在去年的八月一號(hào)ontheeveningofJune22nd在六月二十二號(hào)晚上onthesecondSunday在第二個(gè)星期天onWomen’sDay在婦女節(jié)【注意】在以this,that,next,last,every等開(kāi)頭的表示時(shí)間的詞或詞組前不用介詞如：IwillgoshoppingwithTomthisSunday.這個(gè)星期天我將和湯姆去購(gòu)物?！局R(shí)拓展】in還用于表示“在多久以后”，構(gòu)成“in+時(shí)間段”結(jié)構(gòu)，常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如：Theywillfinishtheworkinanhour.一個(gè)小時(shí)后他們將完成這項(xiàng)工作。二、by與to時(shí)間介詞用法例子by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)“到…為止”by+將來(lái)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)Wewilllearn300wordsbytheendofthisterm.by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)Myfatherhadreadthreenovelsbylastmonth.to表示時(shí)間范圍，通常與from連用，意為“”from5:00to9:00從5點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)fromMondaytoFriday從周一到周五三、after與before時(shí)間介詞含義例子afterShallwegoforawalkaftersupper?晚飯后我們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝?？beforePleasewashourhandsbeforemeals.飯前請(qǐng)洗手?！锼?、since、from與for時(shí)間介詞用法例子since意為“”，表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)直至現(xiàn)在，后接過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)），主句用時(shí)WehavelearnedEnglishsincefiveyearsago.IhavelivedheresinceIwasfouryearsago.from說(shuō)明開(kāi)始的時(shí)間，不說(shuō)明某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)多久Ibegantolearndancingfromfiveyearsold.for表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)貫穿整個(gè)過(guò)程，后接時(shí)間段，主句用時(shí)Ihavestudiedinthisschoolfortwoyears.★★五、until/till（1）用在肯定句中，表示“直到……為止”，句中（主句）的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到till/until所表示的時(shí)間為止。（2）用在否定句中，句中（主句）的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示該動(dòng)作直到till/until所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。常用于not...till/until結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“直到……才”?！咎貏e提醒】till不能用于句首，也不能用在以not開(kāi)頭的短語(yǔ)或從句里，而until可以。Eg.UntilnowIhavealwayslivedalone.直到現(xiàn)在我仍一直獨(dú)自生活。基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)Notuntil9:00yesterdayeveningdidwefinishthework.直到昨晚9點(diǎn)，我們才完成這項(xiàng)工作。基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)一、用at、in、on、for、since填空1.Jimwasborn____________August23rd,2012.2.Samhasbeenlikethis____________threedays.3.DickhasbeeninChina____________2021.4.GrandmaWangusuallygetsup____________sixo’clock.5.It’swarmandwindyinmyhometown____________spring.二、單項(xiàng)選擇1.ThereisgoingtobeanEnglishmovieinourschool__________theeveningofJune30.A.at B.in C.for D.on2.Let’smeet________4o’clock________Sundayafternoon.A.at;in B.in;in C.at;on D.in;on3.________Julythisyear,the31stWorldUniversityGameswillstartinChengdu.A.At B.On C.In D.By4.Mumwon'tletSimongooutunlesshepromisestobeback________10o'clocktonight.A.till B.before C.as D.since5.Don'tstayinsidesuchasunnymorning.Let'sgoouttoenjoythegentlewindandsweetflowers.真題演練A.on B.in C.from D.at真題演練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.(2023·云南中考)—Hi,Mike.WhenistheSpaceDayofChina?—Itfalls______April24everyyear.

A.atB.inC.onD.for2.（2023·重慶八中?？寄M）________June1st,kids________14usuallydressuptocelebrateChildren’sDay.A．In;over B．In;under C．On;over D．On;under3.（2023·河北秦皇島·統(tǒng)考三模）—Couldyoutellmewhentheplaystartstoday?—Itstarts_________8:00p.m.A．on B．in C．by D．a(chǎn)t4.（2023·遼寧盤(pán)錦·校聯(lián)考三模）Peopleusuallyadmirethemoon________thenightoftheMidAutumnFestival.A．on B．in C．a(chǎn)t D．to5.（2023重慶八中三模）TianZhou6spaceshipwassuccessfullysentupintospace________21:22pm,onMay10th.A．in B．during C．for D．a(chǎn)t考點(diǎn)二：方位介詞（短語(yǔ)）★★一、at、in、on與to的“位置”不同介詞用法舉例圖解記憶at用于較小的場(chǎng)所前Welikestayingathomeonweekends.in表示“”Wehadadayoutinthecountry.表示兩者是“包含”關(guān)系JapanisintheeastofAsia.on表示“”Thereisabookonthedesk.表示兩者是“相切”關(guān)系CanadaliesonthenorthofAmerica.to表示“”ThisroadleadstoLondon.表示兩者是“相離”關(guān)系JapanistotheeastofChina.二、outside與inside介詞用法舉例outside表示“”BencouldhearstrongwindsoutsidehishomeinAlabama.inside表示“”Thentheyheardanoldwoman’svoicefrominsidethehouse.★三、表示“附近”的beside、near和nextto介詞(短語(yǔ))用法舉例beside表示“在……旁邊”,指較近的距離Hestoodbesidetheentrance.near表示“在……附近”,指較近的距離,但一般比beside所指的距離遠(yuǎn)Myhouseisneartherailwaystation.nextto表示“靠近,緊挨著,貼近”,它所指的距離最近Ourhouseisnexttothepostoffice.【特別記憶】上述幾個(gè)詞(短語(yǔ))從近到一般近到最近的順序?yàn)椋?gt;>四、表示“在……上方”的over、above與on介詞用法舉例圖解記憶over在物體的正上方，反義詞是“”Thereisabridgeovertheriver.在河上有一座橋。above在……上方，不一定垂直，反義詞是“”Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.飛機(jī)在云層上飛行。on在……上面，兩個(gè)物體是接觸的Thereisapenonthedesk.桌子上有一支鋼筆?！铩镂?、across,over與through“穿越”有別介詞用法圖解記憶across從物體的（表面/內(nèi)部/上方）穿過(guò)，“橫過(guò);穿過(guò)”over從物體的（表面/內(nèi)部/上方）穿過(guò)，“越過(guò);跨過(guò)”through從物體的（表面/內(nèi)部/上方）穿過(guò)，“穿過(guò);通過(guò)”?Becarefulwhenyougoacrossthestreet.過(guò)馬路時(shí)要小心。?Jacktoldmethathecouldjumpoverthedesk.杰克告訴我他能跨過(guò)桌子。?Thesunlightesthroughthewindow.陽(yáng)光透過(guò)窗戶(hù)照射進(jìn)來(lái)。★六、between與among“在……之間”的數(shù)量不同介詞用法舉例圖解記憶between一般用于兩者之間,常構(gòu)成“between...and...”結(jié)構(gòu)MarysitsbetweenLucyandLily.瑪麗坐在露西和莉莉之間。among一般用于三者或三者以上之間Theteacherstandsamongthestudents.老師站在學(xué)生們中間。七、infrontof與inthefrontof“在……前面”的空間范圍不同【記憶口訣】“有the在內(nèi)，無(wú)the在外”介詞短語(yǔ)用法舉例圖解記憶infrontof在物體（內(nèi)部/外部）的前面Marystandsinfrontofthebus.瑪麗站在公交車(chē)前。inthefrontof在物體（內(nèi)部/外部）的前面MaryandLucysitinthefrontofthebus.瑪麗和露西坐在公交車(chē)前面?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)across,through,over一、選詞填空（可重復(fù)使用）across,through,over1.Doyouthinklightcanpass____________water?2.Thethiefranaway____________thewall.3.GrandmaWangiswalking____________thestreet.4.Theboyswent____________theforestquickly.bbetween,among1.Thereisasmallhouse____________thetrees.toto,in,on1.Thereisabigtree____________thetopofthemountain.2.HebeiProvinceis____________thenorthwestofShandongProvince.3.Theteamstayed____________spaceforsixmonths.4.We’llstay____________Beijingforaweek.5.Allroadslead____________Rome.6.Shanghaiis____________theeastofNanjing.二、單項(xiàng)選擇1.—WhereisTom?—Heisplayingfootball___________theplayground.A.of B.to C.on D.from2.Thehigh-speedtrain___________QingdaoandBeijingtravelsfasternow.Thetrainridetakesonlyaboutthreehours.A.from B.among C.in D.between3.Tomygreatjoy,myfamilyisalwaysmewhateverIdecidetodo.A.behind B.to C.from D.against4.Awomanstoodthewindow,watchingthechildrenplayinggamesinthegarden.真題演練A.pastB.throughC.acrossD.beside真題演練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.（2023·四川涼山·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—ItisknowntousallthatTaiwanisanimportantpartofChina.—Yes,itlies________thesoutheastofChina.A．on B．to C．in D．a(chǎn)t2.（2023·重慶一中?？既＃￤iththesunshineshining________thewindow,everythingintheroomlookssobright.A．a(chǎn)gainst B．through C．a(chǎn)cross D．between3.（2023·遼寧鐵嶺·校聯(lián)考一模）Mingmingistallerthanmeandhesits________meintheclassroom.A．a(chǎn)mong B．from C．between D．behind4.（2023·云南昆明·統(tǒng)考二模）GiantpandaYaYaarrived________ShanghaiPudongInternationalAirport________April27th,2023fromMemphis,Tennessee.A．in;in B．on;at C．a(chǎn)t;on D．in;on★★考點(diǎn)三：方式介詞（by、in、on與with）介詞意義或用法舉例byby+表示交通工具的名詞,意為“乘,坐”Hegoestoschoolbysubway.by+v.ing形式,表示“通過(guò)……方式”IlearnEnglishbyreading.inin+語(yǔ)言類(lèi)名詞,表示“用……語(yǔ)言”ThenoveliswritteninEnglish.in+顏色,表示“穿……顏色的衣服”onon+radio/TV等通訊工具,表示“通過(guò)……”HelikestowatchsoccergamesonTV.withwith+某種工具、身體部位名詞,表示“用……”Weseewithoureyesandlistenwithourears.基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)一、用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.CanyousingHappyBirthday____________Chinese?2.PonyMa,theChairmanofTencentpany,hasmademuchmoney____________theInternet.3.Marialivesfarfromherschool.Sosheusuallygoestoschool____________bus.4.Cutit____________aknife.真題演練真題演練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Oh,it’syou,Ella!Yourvoicesoundsquitedifferent________thephone.What’shappening?A．from B．in C．on D．by2.（2023·福建省福州銅盤(pán)中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）—Howdoyourelaxinyourfreetime?—________doingsportsandwatchingmovies.A．By B．At C．On3.（2023·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Afterwork,wecanrelaxourselves________eatingwatermelonsandwecancutwatermelons________knives.A．by;by B．with;by C．with;with D．by;with考點(diǎn)四：其他常見(jiàn)介詞★一、besides與except介詞意義或用法舉例besides表示“除……之外(還有)”,含有“加”的意思We’llallvisitthemuseumbesidesJim.except表示“除……之外”,從整體中除去一部分,含有“減”的意思WeareallhereexceptJimbecauseheisill.★★二、with與without介詞意義或用法舉例with表示伴隨,意為“和……一起”Heoftenplayssoccerwithhisfriends.表示“具有;帶有”TheSmithsliveinabighousewithasmallgarden.without表示“無(wú);沒(méi)有”Wecan’tlivewithoutwater.三、其他介詞介詞意義或用法舉例as意為“作為;以...的身份”,后常接職業(yè)、職務(wù)等名詞Asastudent,youshouldstudyhard.for表示對(duì)象、用途等,意為“給;對(duì);供”It’sabookforchildren.表示目的,意為“為了”Let’sgoforawalk.against意為“反對(duì);倚,靠;與.......對(duì)抗”WewillplaybasketballagainstClass3.like意為“像......;跟......一樣”Thelittlegirllookslikeherfather.about意為“關(guān)于;大約”Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800language.toward(s)意為“朝;向”Marywalkstowardsme.基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)with,as,besides,for,except,without選詞填空（可重復(fù)使用）with,as,besides,for,except,without1.Allthestudentswenthome____________Tonybecausehedidn’tfinishhishomework.2.Thewoman____________twochildrenwasMrsGreen.3.Simongotuplatethismorning.Hehurriedtoschool____________breakfast.4.____________John,wealsowenttoHongxingFarm.5.Here’sabirthdaygift____________you,Bob.6.Heworksinthispany____________asecretary（秘書(shū)）.7.Theteachercameintheclassroom____________asmileonherface.8.Allthestudentstookpartinthesportsmeeting____________Tom.9.Wildanimalsareourfriends.Weshouldn’tkillthem____________foodorclothing.真題演練真題演練單項(xiàng)選擇1.（2023·山東東營(yíng)）Bees(蜜蜂)canhelpplantsgrow.________bees,wewouldn’thaveenoughfood.A．From B．Like C．Except D．Without2.(2023·連云港)TheinstrumentEyeHarpisspeciallydesigned________disabledpeopletoplaymusicwitheyes.

A.in B.as C.for D.over3.(2023·武漢中考)PleasebringMsSteentotheweleparty________tellinghersothatshecanbesurprised.

A.about B.from C.without D.for4.（2023·安徽）Dowhateveryoucanforthemunity,________lookingaftertheoldorteachingkidsart.A．with B．under C．like D．over5.（2023·福建）Thetoyis________mylittlebrother.Iboughtityesterday.A．for B．from C．by第二部分介詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一：in常考短語(yǔ)insilence沉默地，無(wú)聲地insilence沉默地，無(wú)聲地 insurprise吃驚地____________及時(shí)____________處于困境中intotal總共 inmon共同的inclass在課堂上____________處于危險(xiǎn)中inahurry匆忙地____________事實(shí)上____________最后 ingeneral一般而言intheway擋道，妨礙inneed在危難中；在危急中inorder整齊；井然有序inpain處于痛苦中____________親自 ____________公開(kāi)地infrontof在……前面(指外部)inthefrontof在……前面(指內(nèi)部)考點(diǎn)二：on?？级陶Z(yǔ)onbusiness出差onbusiness出差 onduty值日onfoot步行 onsale出售；降價(jià)出售 onthephone在中____________準(zhǔn)時(shí)____________在路上 onTV在電視上onpurpose故意考點(diǎn)三：from?？级陶Z(yǔ)acrossfrom在……對(duì)面acrossfrom在……對(duì)面fromnowon從今/此以后；今后from...to...從……到……fromthenon從那時(shí)起考點(diǎn)四：by?？级陶Z(yǔ)________________________偶然地 bychance偶然____________親手 ____________錯(cuò)誤地考點(diǎn)五：of?？级陶Z(yǔ)aheadof在……前面aheadof在……前面____________因?yàn)?；由于____________首先hundredsof成百上千；許多；大量____________代替；而不是kindof稍微；有點(diǎn)兒lotsof大量；許多millionsof數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì) ofcourse當(dāng)然；自然plentyof很多的；足夠的thesymbolof...……的象征thenumberof...……的數(shù)量考點(diǎn)六：to?？级陶Z(yǔ)________________________根據(jù)；按照；據(jù)……所說(shuō)；視……而定closeto接近nextto緊靠……的旁邊；貼近；最接近____________幸虧；由于；因?yàn)閠obehonest(作插入語(yǔ))老實(shí)說(shuō)；說(shuō)實(shí)在的____________令某人驚喜/吃驚的是……考點(diǎn)七：與動(dòng)詞的相關(guān)搭配buy...for...為……買(mǎi)……buy...for...為……買(mǎi)……fill...with用……填滿(mǎn)____________與……交談regard...as把……當(dāng)作……o...把……放進(jìn)……h(huán)appento偶然發(fā)生speakto與……講話(huà)preferto...更喜歡……____________在……中扮演角色考點(diǎn)八：與形容詞的相關(guān)搭配________________________缺席____________與……不同beseparatedfrom和……分開(kāi)____________對(duì)……害怕beshortof短缺becertain/sureof對(duì)……有把握befondof喜歡befullof充滿(mǎn)____________對(duì)……感到自豪betiredof對(duì)……感到厭倦beanxiousabout對(duì)……感到焦慮becrazyabout對(duì)……熱衷____________對(duì)……有把握beworriedabout對(duì)……擔(dān)憂(yōu)bemadat對(duì)……憤怒____________在……方面擅長(zhǎng)____________與……相似beangrywith對(duì)……生氣befamous/known/well-knownfor因……而著名be/getreadyfor為……做好準(zhǔn)備____________對(duì)……有好處____________遲到besorryfor為……感到遺憾bethankfulfor對(duì)……心存感激bethirstyfor渴望____________對(duì)……感興趣beweakin在……方面薄弱begoodto對(duì)……好bekindto對(duì)……和藹bebusywith忙于……befilledwith充滿(mǎn)……besatisfied/pleasedwith對(duì)……感到滿(mǎn)意____________對(duì)……有耐心