高中英語高考一輪話題復(fù)習(xí)5自然與環(huán)境（學(xué)生版）

高中英語高考一輪話題復(fù)習(xí)5：自然與環(huán)境【問題查找】詞匯填空1.Therewasa____________(爆發(fā))oflaughterinthenextroom.2.Withinafewdaysshehadbeeseriouslyill,____________(受苦)greatpain.3.HewasveryworriedwhenItoldhimthathiswifehadbeenseriously____________(受傷).4.Wewerewithout______________(電)forthreehoursbutit’sonagainnow.5.Thiscountrywasonceproudofitseducationsystem.Nowitseemstobein____________(破敗不堪).6.Mostchildren________(響應(yīng))welltoindividualattentioninclass.7.I'mnotquite________(確定的)abouthowmuchisleftinthataccount.8.Onlyafterunderstandingapoemcanwe________(欣賞)it.9.Manyshooting________(事件)gounreported.10.Themayorwill________(視察)ourschooltomorrow.【要點(diǎn)精講】學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：能自主快速閱讀理解大意，能依據(jù)上下文語境猜測詞義，能正確拼讀詞匯（單詞、短語），掌握詞匯意義與用法。（1）能正確識記、領(lǐng)會以下詞匯,正確率達(dá)100%：shock,appreciate,rescue等（2）能正確識記、領(lǐng)會以下短語,正確率達(dá)100%：dieout,atanend,indanger等（3）能正確運(yùn)用以下句型結(jié)合詞匯和語法進(jìn)行句子翻譯和寫作,正確率達(dá)80%：解決學(xué)習(xí)問題：目標(biāo)對應(yīng)的活動（目標(biāo)的問題化分解）Earthquakes地震【語境串聯(lián)】（1）請用學(xué)習(xí)過的單詞完成篇章：Thewholenationwas（shock）bytheearthquake.Itwasreallyan（extreme）frightening（災(zāi)難）.Almosteverythingwas（destroy）andpeoplesufferedalot.Theyneeded（避身處）and（電力）.They（表達(dá)）their（真誠的）thankstothePartyforimmediate（援救）.【知識拓展】rescuevt.&vi.營救，援救，搶救n.救援，營救，獲救；營救行動go/etosb.'srescue拯救某人rescuesb./sth.fromsth./sb.使……脫離(困境/危險(xiǎn))（2）請用學(xué)習(xí)過的短語完成篇章：Onenight,everythingbegantoshake,withthepinesburstandtheelectricity（中斷）.Anearthquakestuckthecityanditseemed（好像）theworldwas（結(jié)束）.Somepeoplewereinjured,some（在...掩埋）theruinsandsomemissing.（從...判斷）thesituation,therewere（大量的）trappedpeoplewaitingforrescue.Butallhopewasnotlost,becausesoldierweresenttohelpthem（立刻）.【知識拓展】atanend結(jié)束etoanend結(jié)束，破滅put/bringsth.toanend結(jié)束callforanendtosth.呼吁停止/結(jié)束anumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“大量”，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)thenumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)，“……的數(shù)目”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)asif仿佛；好像asif的用法：1.可在look,seem等系動詞后引導(dǎo)表語從句。Shelooksasifsheweretenyearsyounger.她看起來好像年輕了十歲。2.當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為句子所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，asif從句用陳述語氣。Itseemsasifourteamisgoingtowin.看來我們隊(duì)要?jiǎng)倭?。Itlooksasifthey’relookingforsomething.他們看起來好像在找什么東西。當(dāng)說話人認(rèn)為句子所述的是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)，asif從句用虛擬語氣。asif+從句時(shí)間從句謂語動詞形式現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)(be用were)將來過去過去完成時(shí)Shelovestheboyasifshewerehismother.她愛這男孩，就好像她是他的媽媽一樣。Hespeaksasifhehadknownaboutitbefore.他說得好像之前就知道似的?！炯磳W(xué)即練】完形填空節(jié)選題。Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakingaintheworld.Youcan,too!A.choice B.profit C.judgement D.difference2.Herfriendscametoherwhenthewarbrokeout.Aniswhoownedarestaurantagreedtohidesomebooks.A.stop B.help C.warn D.rescue3.Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,_____________he’sinhisnineties.A.aslongas B.asif C.eventhough D.incaseWildlifeprotection野生動物保護(hù)【語境串聯(lián)】（1）請用學(xué)習(xí)過的單詞完成篇章：Thelossand（損害）tothewildlife（保護(hù)區(qū)）（影響）thesecurityofwildlifefiercely.Anymerciful（回答）is（appreciate）.Toour（relieve）,manhasrealizedtheimportanceofwildlife（protect）andhaswongreat（成功）.【知識拓展】（該部分主要給老師做知識拓展補(bǔ)充，學(xué)生版可選擇性呈現(xiàn)該部分或直接刪去，建議根據(jù)學(xué)生情況選擇性補(bǔ)充或拓展其他內(nèi)容，不要求全部講解）affectvt.影響；感動；侵襲【易混辨析】affect/effectaffect動詞，指＂產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應(yīng)＂，著重＂影響＂的動作,有時(shí)含有＂對……產(chǎn)生不利影響＂的意思effect名詞，多用作名詞指＂效果，作用＂，常用于haveaneffecton＂對……有影響＂appreciatevt.鑒賞；感激；意識到appreciationn.欣賞；感激，感謝；(藝術(shù)方面的)鑒定，評估appreciativeadj.欣賞的，賞識的；感激的，感謝的【特別提醒】appreciate后面若跟when/if引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語時(shí),從句之前應(yīng)用it作形式賓語。類似用法的動詞還有hate,love,like,dislike等。Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyouwouldhelpmewithit.如果你能幫助我做這件事，我將不勝感激。reliefn.(痛苦或憂慮的)減輕或解除；減輕痛苦的事物inrelief如釋重負(fù)；松了口氣thereliefof………的消除/減輕toone’srelief使某人欣慰的是（2）請用學(xué)習(xí)過的短語完成篇章：Huntingtoomuchaffectsthenumberofwildanimalsgreatlynowadays.Asaresult,therearesomeanimals（逐漸消失）andothers（在危險(xiǎn)中）.Fortunately,ourgovernmenthas（注意）thesituationandaseriesoflawshas（開始生效）.Thereisnodoubtthatwewillsucceedinpreventingthesituationfrombeingbadtoworse.【知識拓展】indanger(of)在危險(xiǎn)中；垂危。反義短語為outofdanger(脫離危險(xiǎn))【拓展延伸】介詞in+名詞構(gòu)成的短語insilence沉默地insurprise吃驚地inamazement 驚奇地inpeace平靜地，安詳?shù)豬nrelief如釋重負(fù)incase以防inreturn作為回報(bào)inreward作為回報(bào)payattentionto注意attract/catch/draw/getone’sattention吸引某人的注意力fix/focusone’sattentionon集中注意力于devoteone’sattentionto專心于turnone’sattentionto將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向【即學(xué)即練】完形填空節(jié)選題。Inhisfirstyearsofhighschool,Gabrielwouldlookpityinglyatmusicstudents,strugglingacrossthecampuswiththeirheavyinstrumentcases,turningupatschoolforpracticehoursbeforeanyoneelsehadtobethere.Hesworetohimselftomusic,ashehatedgettingtoschoolextraearly.A.betray B.accept C.avoid D.appreciate【查漏補(bǔ)缺】真題大練兵1.Ithadwhitepaintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andproved___________(extreme)popularwiththepublic.2.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonly_____________(災(zāi)難).3.whysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithout___________(遮蔽物)orenoughfood.4.Thesechemicalsefromthe___________(injure)partsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.5.Herhusbandwaswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearly_____________shock.6.Now,I_____________(感激)thesilenceandthenewwayofmunicationitopens.7.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscanprotectthemselves___________insects.8.Supposeyou’reinarush,feelingtired,notpayingattention_____________yourscreen,andyousendanemailthatcouldgetyouintrouble.9.ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost_____________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.10.The_____________(disappear)ofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.【梳理優(yōu)化】1、補(bǔ)救學(xué)習(xí)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1.frightenvt.使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉righteningadj.令人恐懼的→frightenedadj.受驚的；受恐嚇的2.sincerelyadv.真誠地；真摯地→sincereadj.真誠的；真摯的3.judgen.裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判斷→judgementn.斷定；判斷4.disappearancen.消失→disappearvi.消失→appearvi.出現(xiàn)；到場→appearancen.出現(xiàn)；外表5.protectionn.保護(hù)→protectiveadj.保護(hù)的；防護(hù)的→protectvt.保護(hù)；防護(hù)6.reliefn.(痛苦或憂慮的)減輕或解除；減輕痛苦的事物→relievevt.解除；減輕；緩和(不快或痛苦)7.appreciatevt.鑒賞；感激；意識到→appreciationn.欣賞；鑒賞；感激；理解8.succeedvi.成功vt.接替；繼任→successn.成功→successfuladj.成功的→successfullyadv.成功地9.harmn.&vt.損害；危害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.無害的拓展延伸。完形填空的解題技巧3：前后搭配前后搭配主要指動詞與介詞的搭配、動賓搭配及句式搭配等。能不能搭配，除涉及詞語的用法外，還需結(jié)合常識來判斷?！纠?】OnApril12,1888，Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper21hisbrotherforhimand...A.found B.misunderstood C.mistook D.judged【例2】Nobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneyto28theNobelprizes，...A.establish B.form C.develop D.promote【例3】Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.afterall B.inall C.atall D.forall優(yōu)化：補(bǔ)充、完善初步總結(jié)的解題方法；B.解決元認(rèn)知問題；C.信息精細(xì)化加工；D.需要記憶的教給記憶訣竅等；E.圖式。A.補(bǔ)充、完善初步總結(jié)的解題方法。一、?？碱}型：1.完型填空;2.閱讀理解題;3.語法填空題4.書面表達(dá)二、解題技巧語法填空題中詞匯的解題技巧1.判斷空格中所需單詞的詞性；2.觀察所給單詞的詞性和所需單詞詞性是否一致；3.根據(jù)題目修改相應(yīng)的單詞形式B.信息精細(xì)化加工（歸類、分類、類比、比較、聯(lián)想、想象等）1.選取本次課學(xué)習(xí)的（至少）5個(gè)詞匯寫出一篇短文。E.圖式。1.利用近義詞、同義詞、反義詞轉(zhuǎn)換等帶出新的語言。2.利用paraphrase評價(jià)和轉(zhuǎn)換語言，利用已有認(rèn)知圖式結(jié)合情境學(xué)習(xí)新的目標(biāo)詞匯?！緩?qiáng)化鞏固】完型填空Wheredidallthetigersgo?That’swhatIndianPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghwantstoknow.India’sSariskaProjectTigerReserve,oncehometo26tigers,isnowhometonone.Singhhasorderedapoliceinvestigationintothe1,andcreatedanewtaskforce(特別工作組)tosavethe2animals.Tigersareanendangeredspecies(物種).Halfoftheworld’stiger3liveinIndia.Foryears,tigershavebeendisappearingfromIndia’snationalparks,butSariskamaybethelaststraw.Andthegovernmenthasto___4___.OnThursday,Singhheldthefirstmeetingof5officials,wildlifeexperts,andrelatedleaders,aimingto6thenation’sremainingtigers,andto7aplantokeepthemsafe.Itisnothardtoguesswhythetigersaredisappearing.Poachers(偷獵者)can8thebigcatsfor$50,000each.TigerskinandbonesarepopularinChinese9.Asingletigertoothcanfetch$120.Recently,agroupofpoachersadmittedkillingtentigersinSariskaandwere10.＂Indiantigerpoachingisprobablythe11conservationprobleminmoderntimes,＂saidBelindaWright,theheadoftheWildlifeProtectionSocietyofIndia.However,poachingisn’ttheonly12.Manypoachersuseadvancedtechnologies,likenightglassesandlongrangebinoculars(雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡).Forestsecurityofficersarepaidso13thatfewofthem___14___totrackdownthepoachers.Evenifsecurityguardsweretofindapoacher,manyonlycarryasticktomakehimobeythelaw.TigerfanshopethatSingh’splansmeanendforthepoachersand15fortheendangeredspecies.1.A.project B.disappearance C.reserve D.home2.A.dangerous B.huge C.rare D.fierce3.A.population B.percentage C.generation D.group4.A.care B.plan C.react D.wake5.A.business B.trade C.army D.forest6.A.ensure B.count C.keep D.feed7.A.eupwith B.putupwith C.catchupwith D.goonwith8.A.raise B.hunt C.sell D.shoot9.A.food B.tradition C.culture D.medicine10.A.found B.arrested C.prohibited D.controlled11.A.oldest B.hottest C.biggest D.latest12.A.problem B.worry C.crime D.factor13.A.monly B.poorly C.slightly D.highly14.A.determine B.remember C.hesitate D.bother15.A.success B.lamp C.hope D.achievement【課后練習(xí)】一、根據(jù)所給中文，完成英語短文2010年4月14日，一場可怕的地震襲擊了青海玉樹，人們對這一消息感到非常震驚。玉樹地震被認(rèn)為是中國在唐山大地震之后最可怕的災(zāi)難之一。地震使玉樹大部分地方幾分鐘內(nèi)變成了一片廢墟，而且給人們帶來了巨大的損失。地震中約2600人死亡，12100人受傷，成千上萬的人無家可歸。世界似乎到了末日。地震之后，人們立刻組織救援工作。許多醫(yī)生和士兵參與救災(zāi)工作。大量的受傷人員被及時(shí)送往醫(yī)院。全國共捐100億元左右?guī)椭駱淙嗣?。OnApril14,2010,1.____________________inQinghaiprovinceandpeople2.________________thenews.ItwasconsideredasoneofthemostterribledisastersinChinaafterTangShanearthquake.TheearthquakemademostareasinYushulie3.______________withinafewminutesandcaused4.________________andlosstothepeople.About2,600people5.________________duringtheearthquakeand12,100orsowereseriouslyinjured,6.______________becamehomeless.Itseemedthattheworld7.______________.Aftertheearthquake，rescuework8.________________andmanydoctorsandsoldierstookpartintherescuework，soagreatnumberofpeoplewere9.________________andsenttohospitalintime.About10billionwasdonatedtohelpthepeopleinYushu.二、語法填空AterribleearthquakehitthecityofTangshanonJuly28,1976,inwhichthousandsofpeoplediedandmany___1___(injure).Manyhousesfelldownandsandfilledthewells2ofwater.Peoplewere___3___(great)shocked.Alltheelectricityinthecitywascut4andpeoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Thewholecitywaspletely5(destroy)andtheworldseemed6itsend.ThepeopleofTangshandidn’tlosehope,because150,000soldiersweresenttohelptherescueworkers.___7___soldierstriedtheirbesttodigoutthose8weretrapped.Theyalsobuiltsheltersforthesurvivors.Slowly,thecitybegantoebacktolife.Itwassaidthatbeforethequake,strangethingswerehappeninginthecountryside.Thewaterinthevillage___9___(well)roseandfell.Fishjumpedoutoftheponds.Strangenoiseswereheardinthesky,butpeoplethoughtlittleof10.三、閱讀理解WhalesarethreatenedbyavarietyofhumanactivitiesofftheWestCoastoftheUnitedStates,includingfishing,shiptraffic,andpollution.Theyhavebadeffectsonwhalepopulations,butarerarelyaddressedbycurrentwhaleprotectionpoliciesinCalifornia,accordingtoastudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Thestudy,publishedforopenaccessthisweekinthejournalMarinePolicy,examinesthemaincausesofdeathforninewhalespeciesintheCaliforniaCurrentEcosystem,whichstretchesfromBritishColumbia,CanadatoBajaCalifornia,Mexico.Thewhalesconsideredinthestudyincludegray,blue,fin,minke,NorthPacificright,andkillerwhales.“Wefindthatitispeoplethatdeemfishingcauseswhaledeath,”saidcoleadingauthorElizaOldach.“Butanumberofhumanactivitieshavemadethemodernoceanareallytoughenvironmentforwhalestosurvive.We’reexcitedabouteffortsthatlookbroadlytorebuildhealthyoceans.”Thereportfoundthatmaincontributorstowhaledeatharecurrently,targetedwithrelevantpolicyresponses:noise,waterqualityandmarine(海洋的)rubbish.Butthreeotherthreatsnutritionalstress,diseaseandp